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| OF AN EDITION OF THREE HUNDRED AND FIFTY COPIES, 
IN Two ‘VOLUMES, PRINTED ON IMPORTED MOLD- 
: _ MADE PAPER, AND THREE COPIES ON IMPE- 
ae RIAL JAPAN PAPER, AND THAT ALL 
_ WERE PRINTED IN NINETEEN 
| HUNDRED AND 
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AMERICAN) 
ENGRAVERS 
PON COPPER AND STEEL 


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AMERICAN 


ENGRAVERS 
UPON COPPER AND STEEL 


BY 


DAVID MCNEELY STAUFFER 


PART I 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
ILLUSTRATED 


y 
ee fi 2 
——1%A (\, 2 Mti{e 


THE GROLIER CLUB OF THE 
CITY OF NEW YORK 
1907 


LIST OF PLATES 


REV. RICHARD MATHER ; 
Engraved on wood by John Foster, 1648-81. 


MASSACHUSETTS BILL OF CREDIT 
Probably engraved by John Conny, 1690 
REV. INCREASE MATHER . 
Engraved by Thomas Ennes, 1701 


TITLE TO PLAN OF BOSTON . 
Engraved by Thomas Johnston, 1708-67 


REV. BENJAMIN COLEMAN 
Engraved by Peter Pelham, 1735 


REV. MATTHEW HENRY 
Engraved by Nathaniel Morse, 1731 


REV. JOSEPH SEWALL . c 
Engraved by Nathaniel Hurd, 1730- 1 


REV. ISAAC WATTS : 
Engraved by James Turner, 1746 
HARBESON BILL-HEAD 
Engraved by Henry Dawkins, obit 116 


JOHN HANCOCK : 
Engraved by Paul Padare! 1735-1818 


REV. THOMAS HISCOX . 
Engraved by Samuel Okey, 1773 


JOHN ADAMS : : 
Engraved by James amie obit 1800 


JOHN HANCOCK ; 
Engraved by John parser: obit 1817 


BOOKPLATE: MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOCIETY 


Engraved by Joseph Callender, 1751-1821 
CAPTAIN JAMES COOK . i 
Engraved by Amos Doolittle, 1764-1889 


BOOKPLATE: NEW YORK SOCIETY LIBRARY 
Engraved by Peter Rushton Maverick, 1755-1811 


BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL 
Engraved by Robert Aitken, 1734-1802 


BENJAMIN FRANKLIN . : 
Engraved by Charles Willson Peale, V741- 1827 


GEORGE WASHINGTON . 
Engraved by Edward Savage, 1761-1817 


THOMAS JEFFERSON ps 
Engraved by Cornelius Tiebout, "1770-1880 () 


Vii 


FACING PAGE 


Q 


6 


10 


LIST OF PLATES 


FACING PAGE 


JOHN PHILIP KEMBLE... . mem rie shy ne)’. 


Engraved by H. H. Houston, ties in the United Staten! 1796-98 
THOMAS A. COOPER... . ok Goths ie eee ce 
Engraved by David Edwin, 1776-1841 
REV. JOHN M. MASON... . . 166 
Engraved by George Graham, ease Ne in the United States, 1797-1818 
WILLIAM SHAKSPERE ... . 2 DSA See ee eee 


Engraved by Robert Field, obit 1810 


PHILIP DORMER STANHOPE, EARL OF CHESTERFIELD .. 182 
Engraved by John Scoles, obit 1844 


MARQUIS DE LAFAYETTE ee Ee ee ie 
Engraved by Thomas Clarke, obit 1800 

JAMES A. BAYARD... . jolly, SSS) gi Aiea 
Engraved by Charles B. J. F. de ‘St. ntiataiale 1770-1852 

REV. JONATHAN EDWARDS . % 1°55) 32 See 
Engraved by Abner Reed, 1771-1866 

GENERAL CHARLES C. PINCKNEY 20). 35) ee eee eee 
Engraved by Alexander Anderson, 1775-1870 

STEPHEN GIRARD by Porage aaa 0 ha SE ee eee 
Engraved by William Chance. obit 1820 

REV. JOHANN FRIEDERICH SCHMIDT... . . 230 
Engraved by John Eckstein, working in the United Stateh, 1806-28 

HON. JAMES BOWDOIN. .. . oe) fe. al te a ae 
Engraved by John Rubens Smith, 1770-1849 

ALEXANDER HAMILTON ... . o> ene) aan 
Engraved by William Satchwell yee 1769-1831 

CAPTAIN JAMES LAWRENCE 2 ee te Ee ee 
Engraved by William Rollinson, 1762-1842 

HON. TAPPING REEVE... . PEM 


Engraved by Peter Maverick, 1730-1881 


NAPOLEON, FRANCOIS CHARLES JOSEPH o eS Gi ee 
Engraved by Thomas Gimbrede, 1781-1832 


COLONEL JOHN TRUMBULL... . Pre ee 
Engraved by Asher Brown Durand, 1796-1886 

THE VELVET HAT .. . So 
Engraved by John F. E. Prud’ ESS, 1800-1888 

HON. WILLIAM LEWIS... . . 294 
Engraved by Charles Goodman, 1790-1880, and Robert Piggot, 1795-1887 

CAPTAIN THOMAS GAMBLE... . 5 pon eee ee 
Engraved by James Barton Longacre, 1704-1869 

THE WOLF AND THE: LAMB... 2.93) 3 ee 
Engraved by J ohn B. Neagle, 1796-1866 

BEATRICE ss ae gg ne 
Engraved by: ohh Cheney, 1801-85 

HON. CHARLES CHAUNCEY . 3.) 5 0s) 53) 2° 


Engraved by John Sartain, 1808-97 
Vill 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


Note. The single date indicates approximately the earliest engraved 
work found. 


Abernethie, ——_ 
Adams, Dunlap 
Aitken, Robert 
Akin, James 

Akin, Mrs. Jas. 
Allen, Joel 

Allen, L. 

Allerdice, Samuel 
Anderson, Alexander 
Anderson, Hugh 
Anderson, W. 
Anderton, G. 
Andrews, Joseph 
Annin, Wm. B. 
Annin & Smith 
Archer, James 
Armstrong, Wm. G. 
Atwood, W. 


B., J. W. 

Babson, R. 

Baker, I. H. 
Baker, John 
Balch, Vistus 
Bannerman, J. 
Bannerman, W. W. 
Bannister, James 
Barber, Chas. E. 
Barber, John W. 
Barber, William 
Barker, William 
Barnard, W. S. 
Barralet, Jno. Jas. 
Bassett, W. H. 
Bateman, William 
Bather, George 
Bather, Geo., Jr. 
Baulch, A. V. 
Beau, John Anthony 
Beckwith, Henry 
Bennett, Wm. Jas. 
Best, E. S. 
Billings, A. 
Billings, Joseph 


1785 
1764 
1734-1802 
1773-1846 
1808 
1755-1825 
1782 
—1798 
1775-1870 
1811 
1855 
1828-1890 
1805-1873 
1813 
1823 
1834 
1823-1880+ 
1840 


1812 
1860 
1860 
1832 
1799 -1884 
1800 
1829 
1840 
1840-1892+ 
1798-1885 
1807-1879 
1795 
1845 
1747-1815 
1820 
1774 
1850 
-1890 
1869 
1770 
1842 
1787-1844 
1826-1880}: 
1801 
1770 


Birch, —— 
Birch, 'Thomas 
Birch, William 
Blake, Wm. W. 
Blyth, B. 
Bogardus, James 
Bolen, J. G. 
Bolton, J. B. 
Bona-Parte 
Bonar, T, 

Booth, T. D. 
Boudier, 
Bowen, Abel 
Bower, John 
Bowes, Joseph 
Boyd, John 
Boynton, G. W. 


Bracket, Miss H. V. 


Bridport, Hugh 
Brooks, —— 
Brown, Benjamin 
Brown, Geo. L. 
Bruen, R. C. 
Bruff, Chas. O. 
Bruls, M. G. de 
Brunton, Richard 
Buell, Abel 

Bull, Martin 
Burgis, William 
Burnap, Daniel 
Burt, Charles 
Butler, —— 
Butler, J. M. 
Buttre, Jno. C. 


Cade, J. J. 
Callender, Benj. 
Callender, Joseph 


Campbell, A. G. & J. K. 


Campbell, Robert 
Capewell, Samuel 
Carey, Peyton 
Cario, Michael 
Carpenter, B. 


1X 


1789 
1779-1851 
1755-1834 

1848 
1740-17824 
1800-1874 

1840 

1841 

1800 

1850 

1830 

1800 
1790-1850 

1810 

1796 

1811 

1842 

1816 
1794-1837 

1800 

1812 
1814-1889 

1820 

1770 

1759 

1781 
1742-1825 
1744-1825 

1717 

1800 
1823-1892 

1835 

1850 
1821-1893 


1860 

1773-1856 

1751-1821 
1860 
1806 
1860 
1810 
1736 
1855 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


Carson, C. W. 
Casilear, Jno. W. 
Chambers, R. 
Chapin, William 


Chapman, Conrad W. 


Chapman, Jno. G. 
Chapman, Jno. L. 
Charles, William 
Cheney, B. & T. 
Cheney, John 
Cheney, Seth W. 
Childs, Cephas G. 
Chorley, John 
Chubb, T. Y. 
Chubbuck, Thomas 
Clark, A. 

Clark, James 
Clarke, Thomas 
Classen, Wm. M. 
Clay, Edward W. 


Claypoole, James, Jr. 


Clemens, Isaac 
Clover, Lewis P. 
Cobb, G. 

Collard, W. 

Cone, Joseph 
Conn, James 
Conny, John 
Cook, T. B. 
Cooke, Geo. 
Cooke, Joseph 
Copley, Jno. S. 
Coram, T. 

Cross, A. B. 
Cross, P. F. 
Cushman, Geo. H. 
Cushman, Thos. H. 


Daggett, Alfred 
Dainty, S. 
Danby, J. 
Danforth, M. I. 
Darby, J. G. 
Darley, F. O. C. 
Davies, C. W. 
Dawes, H. M. 
Dawkins, Henry 
Dearborn, Nathaniel 
Deeley, C. 
Delaney, J. E. 
Delliker, George 
Delnoce, Luigi 
Dewing, Francis 
Dick, Alex. L 
Dodson, R. W. 
Doney, T. 
Doolittle, Amos 
Doolittle, Samuel 


1848 
1811-1893 
1820 
1802-1888 
1860 
1808-1890 
1860 
-1820 
1781 
1801-1885 
1810-1856 
1793-1871 
1818 
1860 
1860 
1825 
1840 
1797 
1840 
1792-1857 
1761 
1776 
1819-1864} 
1800 
1340 
1814 
1771 
1702 
1809 
1816 
1789 
1737-1815 
1779 
1840 
1856 
1814-1876 
1840 


1835 
1840 
1822 
1800-1862 
1838 
1822-1888 
1854.-1901+ 
1811 
1754 
1786-1852 
1835 
1850 
1817 
1855 
1716 
1805—1850+ 
1812-1867 
1845 
1754-1832 
1804 


Doolittle & Munson 
Dorsey, Jno. Syng 
Doty & Jones 
Dougal, W. H. 
Draper, John 
Drayton, J. 
Dresher, A. 
Dudensing, R. 
Duffield, Edward 
Dunlap, William 
Dunnel, E. G. 
Dunnel, Wm. N. 
Durand, Asher B. 
Durand, Cyrus 
Durand, John 
Durand, Theodore 
Durand, William 
Duthie, James 


Earle, J. 

Eckstein, John 
Eddy, Isaac 
Eddy, James 
Edwards, S. Arent 
Edwin, David 


Emmes, Thomas 
Engelman, C. F. 
Entzing-Miller, T. M. 
Exilious, John G. 


Fairchild, L. 
Fairman, David 
Fairman, Gideon 
Fairman, Richard 
Farmer, John 
Felch, 
Feters, W. T. 
Field, Robert 
Fitch, John - 
Folwell, Samuel 
Forrest, Ion B. 
Fosette, H. 
Foster, C. 

Foster, John 
Fowle, E. A. 

Fox, Gilbert 
Frederick, John L. 
Freeman, 
Freeman, E. O. 
Freeman, W. H. 
French, Edwin Davis 
Furness, John M. 
Furst, Moritz 


1842 
1783-1818 
1830 
1808-1853 
1801 
1820 
1860, 
—1899 
1756 
1766-1839 
1847 
1845 
1796-1886 
1787-1868 
1792-1820 
1835 
1850 
1850 


1876 
1806 
1812 
1827 
1862— 
1776-1841 
1810 
1844 
1821 
1845 
1701 
1814 
1850 
1810 


1800-1840} 
1782-1815 
1774-1827 
1788-1821 
1798-1859 
1855 
1820 
~1819 
1743-1798 
1765-1813 
1814-1870 
1850 
1841 
1648-1681 
1848 
1776 -1806+ 
1818 
1816 
1850 
1830 
1851— 
1785 
1782—1834+t 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


Gil 1812 
Galland, John 1796 
Gallaudet, Edward 1809-1847 
Gallaudet, Elisha 1730-1800+ 
Gandolfi, Mauro 1771-1834 
Garden, Francis 1745 
Gauk, James 1799 
Gavin, H. 1796 
Gavitt, John E. 1817-1874 
Gaw, R. M. 1829 

Gil, Geronimo A. 1732-1798 
Giles, Chas. 'T. 1827-1900+ 
Gillingham, E. 1819 
Gilman, John W. 1741-1823 
Gimber, Stephen 1830 
Gimber, Stephen, Jr. 1845 
Gimbrede, Jos. Napoleon 1820 
Gimbrede, Thomas 1781-1832 
Girardet, P. 1857 
Girsch, F. 1850 
Gladding, K. C. 1825 
Glover, D. L. 1850 
Gobrecht, Christian 1785-1844 
Godwin, Abraham 1763-1835 
Goldthwait, G. H. 1842 
Goodall, Al. G. 1826-1887 
Goodman, Charles 1790-1830 
Graham, A. W. 71834 
Graham, George 1797 
Graham, P. P. 1870 
Gray & Todd 1817 — 
Greenwood, John 1727-1792 
Gridley, Enoch G. 1803 
Gross, J. 1834 
Haines, D. 1820 
Haines, William 1802 
Halbert, A. 1835 
Hall, Alfred B. 1842-1900+ 
Hall, Alice, 1847 -1900+ 
Hall, Chas. B. 1840-1905}: 
Hall, Geo. R. 1818— 
Hall, Henry B. 1808-1884 
Hall, H. B., Jr. -1900+ 
Hall, Peter 1828-1895 
Halpin, Frederick 1805-1842} 
Halpin, John 1850 - 
Hamlin, Wm. 1772-1869 
Hamm, Phineas F. 1825 
Hammond, J. T. 1839 
Hanks, O. G. 1838 
Harris, James 1850 
Harris, Samuel 1783-1810 
Harrison, Charles 1840 
Harrison, Chas. P. 1783 -—1850+ 
Harrison, David 1870 
Harrison, Richard 1820 
Harrison, Rich. G. 1814 


Harrison, Rich. G., Jr. 


Harrison, Samuel 
Harrison, William 
Harrison, Wm., Jr. 
Harrison, Wm. F. 
Hartman, C. 
Hatch, Geo. W. 
Hatch, L. J. 
Havell, Robert 
Hay, de W. C. 
Hay, William 
Hay, Wm. H. 
Henry, John 
Herbert, Lawrence 
Hewitt, 
Hill, James 

Hill, John 

Hill, John Henry 
Hill, John Wm. 
Hill, Samuel 
Hiller, J., Jr. 


- Hills, J. H. 


se 


Hingston, —— 
Hinman, D. C. 


Hinschelwood, Robert 


Hobart, Elijah 
Hollyer, Samuel 
Hoogland, William 
Hooker, William 
Hopkins, Daniel 
Hoppin, Thos. F. 
Horner, T. 
Horton, —— 
Houlton, J. 
House, ‘Timothy 
Houston, H. H. 
Howe, Z. ; 
Humphreys, F’. 


Humphrys, William 


Hunt, Samuel V. 
Huntington, E. 
Hurd, E. 

Hurd, Nathaniel 
Hutt, John 


Hutton, Isaac & George 


Hutton, J. 


Iilman Bros. 
Iilman, G. 
Illman, H. 
Illman Sons 
Illman, Thomas 
Illman & Pilbrow 


Jackman, W. G. 
Jackson, —— 
Jarvis, Jno. W. 
Jenckes, Joseph 


1860 
1789-1818 
-1803 
1797 
1831 
1850 
1805-1867 
1875 
1815 
1850 
1819 
1826 
1793 
1748 
1820 
1803 
1770-1850 
1839 — 
1812-1879 
1789 
1794 
1845 
1820 
1830 
1812-1860} 
—1863 
1826—- 
1815 
1805 
1783 
1816-—1850+ 
184.4 
1830 
1796 
—1865 
1796 
1797 
1850 
1794-1865 
1803-1893 
1828 
1840 
1730-1777 
1774 
1796 
1825 


1860 
1855 
1855 
1845 
1824 
1836 


1841 

1826 
1780-1839 
1602-1683 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


Jennys, Rich., Jr. 
Jewett, Chas. A. 
Jocelyn, Nathaniel 
Jocelyn, Simeon S. 
Johnson, David G. 
Johnson, W. T. 
Johnston, David C. 
Johnston, ‘Thos. 
Jones, Alfred 
Jones, A. L. 
Jones, Benjamin 
Jones, Fitz-E.id. 
Jones, R. S. 

Jones, Wm. R. 
Jordan, Henry 
Justice, Joseph 


Kearny, Francis 
Keenan, William 
Kellogg, J. G. 
Kelly, J. 

Kelly, Thomas 
Kennedy, James 
Kensett, Jno. F. 
Kensett, Thos. 
Kernan, F. G. 
Kershaw, J. M. 
Key, F.C. 

Key, William H. 
Kidder, J. 
Kimberly, Denison 
Kimmel, P. K. 
King, G. B. 
King, James S. 


Kinsey, Nathaniel, Jr. 


Kirk, John 
Kneass, William 
Knight, T. 
Koevoets, H. & C. 
Kosh, A. E. 
Kupfer, R. 


Lamb, Anthony 
Lamb, John 
Lang, Geo. S. 
Lavigne, 
Lawrence, W. S. 
Lawson, Alex. 
Lawson, Helen E. 
Lawson, Oscar A. 
Leach, Samuel 


Le Count & Hammond 


Leddel, Joseph, Jr. 
Lee, Homer 
Leggett, R. 
Lehman, George 
Lemet, L. 

Leney, Wm. S. 


1774 
1816-1878 
1796-1881 
1799-1879 

1831 

1850 
1797-1865 
1708-1767 
1819-1900 

1845 

1793 

1854 

1873 

1810 

1836 

1804 


1780-1833} 
1830 
1850 
1851 

1795-1841 
1797 

1818-1872 

1786-1829 
1870 
1850 
1850 
1864 
1813 

1814.— 
1850 
1830 
1852 
1854 

-1862 

1781-1840 
1856 
1870 

1838-1897 
1865 


1760 
1756 
1799 -1883+ 

1814 
1840 
1773-1846 
1830 
1813-1854 
1741 
1840 
1752 
1855 -1903+ 
1870 


1769-1831 


Lepelletier, — 
Lewis, J. 
Lewis, J. O. 
Lincoln, Jas. S. 
Longacre, Jas. B. 
Love, G. 

Lovett, Robert 
Lowe, R. 
Lownes, Caleb 
Lybrand, J. 


M., J. 

Maas, Jacob 
McCabe, E. 
McCarthy, —— 
McCluskey, Wm. 
McGoffin, John 
McLellan, H. B. 
McRae, John C. 
Mackensie, E. 
Macklow, J. 
Main, William 
Major, Jas. Parsons 
Malcolm, Jas. P. 
Manly, John 


' Manzo, José 


Marchant, B. 
Mare, John de 
Marsac, Harvey 
Marsh, Wm. R. 
Marshall, 
Marshall, Wm. E. 
Martin, D. 

Martin, E. 

Martin, J. B. 
Martin, Robert 
Mason, Alva 
Mason, D. H. 
Mason, Wm. G. 
Maverick, Ann 
Maverick, Emily 
Maverick, Maria A. 
Maverick, Peter 
Maverick, Peter, Jr. 
Maverick, Peter R. 
Maverick, Samuel 


Maverick, Samuel R. 


Maxon, Charles 
Meadows, C. 
Meadows, R. M. 


Medairy & Bannerman 


Merchant, G. W. 
Meyer, Henry H. 
Meyrick, Richard 
Middleton, Thomas 
Moffat, J. 
Molineux, —— 


Montgomery, R. 


1814 
1780 
1815 
1811-1887 
1794-1869 
1807 
1816 
1838 
1775 
1820 


1758 
1824 
1855 
1860 

1845 

1813-1883 
1860 
1855 
1833 
1833 
1821 

1818-1900 

1767-1815 
1790 

1789-1840 
1816 
1850 
1834 
1833 
1804 

1837-1900} 
1796 
1826 
1822 
1860 
1819 
1805 
1822 
1840 
1830 
1830 

1780-1831 
1840 

1755-1811 
1824 
1835 
1833 
1850 
1817 
1828 
1834 
1834 
1729 
1814 
1830 
1831 
1781 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


Moore, Isaac W. 
Moore, T. 
Morgan, Geo. T. 
Morin, J. F. 
Morse, Hazen 
Morse, Nathaniel 
Morse & Tuttle 
Mote, W. H. 
Mottram, C. 
Mould, J. B. 
Mulliken, Jonathan 
Mumford, E. W. 
Munger, George 
Munson, S. B. 
Murphy, —— 
Murray, George 
Murray, John 


Neagle, James 
Neagle, John B. 
Nesmith, J. H. 
Newcomb, D. 
Newman, B. F. 
Newsam, Albert 
Nichols, Fred. B. 
Norman, John 


O’Brien, R. 
O’Neill, John A. 
Oakley, F. F. 
Oertel, Johan A. 
Okey, Samuel 
Ormsby, W. L. 
Osborn, M. 
Osborn, Milo 

- Ostrander, P. 
Otis, Bass 
Ourdan, Jos. J. P. 
Ourdan, Jos. P. 


Ourdan, Vincent Le C. 


Page, William 
Palmer, J. 
Papprill, Henry 
Paquet, Anthony C. 
Paradise, Jno. W. 
Parker, Chas. H. 
Parker, George 
Parkyns, Geo. I. 
Paul, E. 

Peabody, M. M. 
Peale, Chas. W. 
Pease, Jos. I. 
Pease, Richard H. 
Peasley, A. M. 
Pekenino, Michele 
Pelham, Henry 
Pelham, Peter 
Pelton, Oliver 


1831 
1845 
1845-1892; 
1825 
1824 
-1748 
1840 
1835 
1855 
1830 
1780 
1835 
1783-1824 
1830 
1807 
-1822 
1776 


1770-1822 
1796-1866 
1805 
1820 
1860 
1809-1864 
1894-1905 
1748-1817 


1823-1901} 
1765 
1809-1883 
1812 
1836 
1850 
1784-1861 
1803-1874 
1828-1881 
1855— 


1811-1885 
1826 
1849 

1814-1882 

1809 —1862 

1795-1819 
1832 
1795 
1855 
1823 

1741-1827 

1809 —1883 
1857 
1804 
1821 

1749 —1806 

-1751 

1799 -1860+ 


Perine, Geo. E. 
Perkins, E. G. 
Perkins, Jacob 
Perkins, Joseph 


Phillibrowne, Thomas 


Phillips, Charles 
Picart, B. 
Pierpont, Benj., Jr. 
Piggot, Robert 
Platt, H. 

Plocher, Jacob J. 
Pollock, T. 

Porter, J. T. 


Posselwhite, Geo. W. 


Poupard, James 
Price, George 


Prud@homme, J. F. E. 


Punderson, L. S. 
Pursell, Henry 
Pursell, 


Quarre, F. 


Radcliffe, C. 
Ralph, W. 
Rawdon, Freeman 
Rawdon, Ralph 
Reason, Philip H. 
Reed, Abner 
Reich, John 
Reiche, F. 

Revere, Paul 
Reynolds, ‘Thomas 
Rice, E. A. 

Rice, James R. 
Rice, W. W. 
Richardson, S. 
Ridgway, W. 
Riley, 
Ritchie, Alex. Hay 
Roberts, 
Roberts, John 
Robertson, 
Robertson, W. 
Robin, Augustus 
Robinson, —— 
Robinson, W. 
Roche, 
Rogers, John 
Rollinson, Charles 
Rollinson, Wm. 
Rolph, J. A. 
Romans, Bernard 
Rosenthal, Albert 
Rosenthal, Max 
Rost, Christian 
Rothwell, J. 
Ruggles, E., Jr. 


1837-1885 
1831 
1766-1849 
1788-1842 
1834 
1842 
1800 
1778 
1795-1887 
1832 
—1820 
1839 
1815 
1822-1899} 
1774 
1826-1864} 
1800-1888 
1850 
1775 
1820 


1850 


1805 
1794 
1804-1860} 
1813 
1850 
1771-1866 
1806 
1795 
1735-1818 
1786 
1845 
1824-18764 
1846 
1795 
1854 
1800 
1822-18864: 
1841 
1768-1803 
1815 
1831 
1870 
1815 
1830 
1791 
1808-1888 
1808 
1762-1848 
1834 
1720-1784: 
1863— 
1833-— 
1850 
1841 
1790 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


St. Memin, C. B. J. 
F. de 
Sacheverell, John 
Sadd, H. S. 
Sanford, I. 
Sartain, Emily 
Sartain, Henry 
Sartain, John 
Sartain, Samuel 
Sartain, Wm. 
Saulnier, H. E. 
Savage, Edward 
Savory, —— 
Saxton, Joseph 
Scacki, Francisco 
Schlecht, Charles 
Schoff, Stephen A. 
Schoff, P. R. 
Schofield, Louis S. 
Schoyer, Raphael 
Schwartz, C. 
Scoles, John 
Scot, Robert 
Scott, Joseph T. 
Sealey, Alfred 
Serz, J. 
Seymour, Jos. H. 
Seymour, Samuel 
Shallus, Francis 
Sharpe, C. W. 
Sherman & Smith 
Sherratt, Thomas 
Shields & Hammond 
Shipman, Charles 
Shirlaw, Walter 
Shotwell, H. C. 
Simmone, T. 
Simmons, Joseph 
Simpson, M. 
Skinner, Charles 
Smillie, James 
Smillie, Jas. D. 
Smillie, Wm. C. 
Smillie, Wm. M. 
Smith, C. H. 
Smith, G. 
Smith, Geo. G. 
Smith, H. W. 
Smith, John R. 
Smith, R. K. 
Smith, Sidney L. 
Smith, Wm. D. 
Smither, James 
Smither, Jas., Jr. 
Snyder, H. W. 
Soper, R. F. 
Sparrow, T. 
Spenceley, J. W. 


1770-1852. 
1732 
1840 
1783 

1841-1905+ 

1833-1895 

1808-1897 

1830-1905+ 

1843 -1906+ 
1830 

1761-1817 
1830 

1790-1873 
1815 

1843-1905+ 

1818-1905 
1850 

1868 —1905+ 
1824. 
1814 
1793 
1783 
1795 

1862 

1878 
1791 
1797 

1821 
1850 
1841 
1870 
1840 
1768 

1838-1906} 
1853 
1814 
1765 
1855 
1867 

1807-1885 

1833-1906}; 

1813-1899+- 

1835-1888 
1855 
1790 

1858 

1828-1879 

1770-1849 
1824 

1845 —1906+ 
1829 
1768 
1803 
1797 

1831 
1770 
1865 -1906+ 


Spencer, Asa 
Spencer, W. H. 
Stalker, E. 

Steel, Alfred B. 
Steel, J. 

Steel, James W. 
Steeper, John 
Stiles, Samuel 
Stoddart, G. 
Stone, Henry 
Stone, Wm. J. 
Stone, Mrs. W. J. 
Storm, G. F. 
Story, Thomas C. 
Stout, Geo. H. 
Stout, James D. 
Stout, James V. 
Strickland, Wm. 
Stuart, F. T. 
Swett, C. A. 


Tanner, Benjamin 
Tanner, Henry S. 
Tappan, W. H. 
Taylor, T. 

Teel, E. 

Terril, Israel 
Terrill Bros. 
Terry, W. D. 
Thackara, 
Thackara, James 
Thackara, Wm. W. 
Thew, Robert 
Thompson, 
Thompson, D. G. 
Thompson, J. D. 
Thornhill, —— 
Thornton, William 
Throop, D.S. 
Throop, J. V.N. 
Throop, O. H. 
Tiebout, Cornelius 
Tiller, Robert 
Tiller, Robert, Jr. 
Tisdale, Elkanah 
Todd, A. 
Topham, 
Toppan, Charles 
Torrey, C. C. 
Trenchard, E. C. 
Trenchard, James 
Tripler, H. E. 
Tucker, Wm. E. 
Tully, Christopher 
Turner, James 
Tuthill, W. H. 


Underwood, Thomas 


XIV 


~-1847 
1825 
1815 
1850 
1850 
1799-1879 
1762 
1830 
1835 
1826 
1822 
1840 
1834 
1837 
1830 
1813 
1834 
1787-1854 
1850 
1860 


1775-1848 
1786-1858 
1840 
1860 
1830-1859 
1806 
1868 
1836 
1775 
1767-1848 
1791-1839 
1850 
1834 
-1870 
1860 
1810 
1761-1827 
1824 
1835 
1825 
-1830 
1818 
1828 
1771-18344 
1812 
1852 
1796-18684; 
1815 
1798 
1777 
1850 
1801-1857 


1795-1849 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


Valdenuit, 
Valentine, Elias 
Vallance, John 
Verger, P. C. 
Vernon, T. 


Wagner, H. S. 
Wagner, William 
Wagstaff, C. E. 
Walter, Adam B. 
Warner, C. J. 
Warner, Geo. D. 
Warner, William 
Warnicke, Jno. G. 
Warr, John 

Warr, John, Jr. 
Warr, W. W. 
Warren, A. C. 
Watts, J. W. 
Wells, J. 

Welch, Thomas B. 
Wellmore, E. 
Wellstood, James 
Wellstood, Jno. G. 
Wellstood, Wm. 
Weston, Henry W. 
Westwood, Charles 
Whelpley, P. M. 
White, Geo. H. 
White, G. I. 


1796 
1810 
—1823 
1796 
1853 


1850 
1820 
1840 
1820-1875 
1796 
1791 
1813-1848 
-1818 
1821 
1825 
1830 
1819-1904 
1850 
1836 
1814-1874 
1834 
1855-1880 
1813-1889+ 
1819-1900 
1803 
1851 
1845 
1870 
1825 


White, Thomas S. 


Whitechurch, Robert 


Wiggin, J. 
Wightman, Thomas 
Wilcox, J. A. J. 
Willard, Asaph 


Williams, E. G. & Bro. 


Williams, H. 
Willson, J. 
Wilmer, Wm. A. 
Wilson, Alexander 
Wilson, D. W. 
Wilson, James 
Wilson, W. W. 
Wise, 
Wissler, Jacques 
Wood, J. 
Woodcock, T. S. 
Woodruff, Wm. 
Woodward, E. F. 
Wooley, Wm. 
Worship, —— 
Wright, C. C. 
Wright, G. 
Wright, Joseph 
Wrightson, J. 


Yeager, Joseph 
Young, James H. 
Young & Delleker 


XV 


1734 
1814-1883+ 
1810 
1802 
1875 
1819 
1880 
1819 
1800 
1834 
1766-1813 
1825 
1813 
1850 
1850 
1803-1887 
1826 
1830 
1817 
1839 
1800 
1815 
~1854 
1837 
1756-1793 
1860 


1815 
1817 
1840 


PREFACE 


THE following notes upon about seven hundred Ameri- 
can engravers wpon copper and steel, are presented to 
those interested with a full sense of probable omissions 
and possible errors of statement. Some years have been 
spent in gathering the necessary material from many 
and widely scattered sources. In the absence of any col- 
lected literature upon this subject, a close study of many 
thousands of the earlier American engravings has been 
made the foundation of this series of sketches, and the 
information thus secured has been supplemented by 
whatever could be gathered ‘from the newspapers, di- 
rectories, and other publications of the period, and by 
correspondence with the descendants of engravers. In 
this connection, the writer would eapress his deep obliga- 
tion to those whose interest in this work has induced them 
to courteously place at his disposal such pertinent ma- 
terial as came to their hands from time to time. 

There are many books treating of foreign engravers 
and their work; but with scarcely an exception the writ- 
ers of these books ignore the existence of the art of en- 
graving in America. The reason for much of this neg- 
lect is apparent. The great majority of the.early Ameri- 
can engravers were relatively obscure men; many of 

xvil 


PREFACE 


them were gold- and silver-smiths, only working wpon 
copper to meet a limited local demand, and the resultant 
prints rarely found their way across the sea. As a mat- 
ter of fact, the only record we have of the eaistence, as 
engravers, of a number of these early men is the few im- 
pressions of a plate accidentally preserved. But as a 
record of men and events connected with our early his- 
tory, and as marking the evolution of the art wpon this 
continent, even these crude efforts are interesting and 
historically important. | 

The sketches themselves are confined to such detail of 
the professional life of the engraver as could be found; 
and when the subject of the sketch is known for what he 
has accomplished in another field, this fact is simply 
noted. As before stated, the prints themselves, and 
their signatures, dates, and publishers form the basis 
of these studies; and as the engravers of bank-notes 
rarely signed their work, a number of worthy engravers 
of this class have doubtless been overlooked. The 
American painter-etcher, as a rule, has been purposely 
omitted, as not properly coming within the scope of the 
present work. 

The purpose of the writer, in gathering this material, 
has been two-fold. In the first place, he here attempts at 
least a beginning in the historical preservation of the 
names of many men who worked in an humble but ear- 
nest manner in establishing in this country the art of en- 
graving upon metal; and a number of the American 
successors of these pioneers achieved honorable distinc- 
tion as engravers, and their work is well worthy of rec- 
ord for its intrinsic merit. In the second place, the 

XViil 


PREFACE 


writer trusts that his labors may be of use to those inter- 
ested in the preservation and study of early American 
engravings. 

T'o the end that this record may be extended and 
corrected, the writer would be deeply indebted for any 
further detail concerning the men here noted, or for 
information as to new men. 


DAVID MCNEELY STAUFFER. 


Yonkers, N. Y., July 1, 1905. 


XIX 


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NOTES 
UPON COPPERPLATE ENGRAVING IN 
THE UNITED STATES 


It is impossible to definitely state when and where the 
first attempt was made to engrave upon wood or metal 
on the North American continent, or in that part of it 
now known as the United States. For political reasons, 
those controlling Colonial affairs forbade the establish- 
ment of the printing-press upon these shores for nearly 
a century after the first settlement. And, in fact, there 
was very little demand for printing or engraving until 
after the wilderness had been in some measure con- 
quered, and until permanent communities of consider- 
able importance had been established. 

Basing the statement solely upon such evidence as has 
been preserved, we can only say that one Joseph Jenckes 
is credited with having cut the dies for the Pine-tree 
Shilling of 1652, at the Lynn iron-works in the Colony 
of Massachusetts Bay; and John Foster, who established 
the first printing-press in Boston, engraved upon wood 
a portrait of the Rev. Richard Mather, which appears as 
a frontispiece to a life of that divine published at Cam- 
bridge, New England, in 1670. 

But the scarcity of metallic money among the early 
colonists, and the necessary issue of a paper currency to 
meet this condition, probably created the first serious 
demand for the work of a copperplate engraver. The 


Xx1 


NOTES 


Colony of Massachusetts Bay authorized the issue of a 
paper currency in 1690—the first among the American 
Colonies to thus relieve its monetary wants: and, judg- 
ing from the crude character of the notes then circulated, 
the plate was engraved by some silversmith trained to 
engrave script, arms, and ornament upon silver-plate or 
pewter platters. This Massachusetts paper money was 
counterfeited almost as soon as issued; and this fact is 
sufficient evidence that the Colonial authorities did not 
employ all the engraving talent then available in New 
England. The simplicity of design and the coarseness 
of execution made imitation easy; and the early records 
of Massachusetts Bay teem with complaints against this 
fraudulent money; and that the Colonial Treasury might 
distinguish the good from the bad, it was compelled to 
resort to secret marks and to peculiar sequences and ar- 
rangement of the names signed to its own notes. 

In this early paper money of Massachusetts the en- 
graved portion included a more or less ornamental head- 
line of scroll-work, the seal of the Colony, and script 
setting forth the authority, place and date of issue and 
the denomination. The back of the first issue was left 
blank; the top edge of the note was “indented,” and each 
was signed by three members of a specially appointed 
committee. 

The immediate effect of the circulation of the fraudu- 
lent money referred to was an attempt to improve the suc- 
cessive issues of the Treasury’s notes. The money of 1702 
shows a more complicated design in the seal and the 
script is better engraved than is the money of 1690; in 
1718 the back of the bill was decorated with a very ornate 
cypher; the notes of 1736 are almost above criticism in 
the script-engraving and ornamentation; and the issues 
of 1742 and 1744 are so well engraved throughout that 
there is a strong probability that these plates were made 
in England. 

XXxli 


NOTES 


The first copperplate engraver of record in the Ameri- 
ean Colonies is John Conny, a goldsmith and silversmith 
of Boston. Conny made the plates for the Massachusetts 
“bills of credit” of 1702, as is shown by the records of the 
colony; and there is sufficient similarity between this 
issue and the earlier one of 1690, to make it probable that 
he engraved the plates for that bill as well. But the 
first man to attempt the engraving of a portrait upon 
copper seems to be Thomas Emmes, of Boston, who in 
1701 little more than scratched upon that metal a copy of 
an English engraving of the Rev. Increase Mather, 
which was used as a frontispiece to a sermon of that 
worthy published in Boston in that year. 

Foster, Conny and Emmes were all doubtless New 
England men by birth: but in 1715 there arrived in Bos- 
ton, probably from London, one Francis Dewing, who 
advertised his varied accomplishments as follows: “He 
engraveth and Printeth Copper Plates. Likewise Coats 
of Arms and Cyphers on Silver Plate. He likewise cuts 
neatly in Wood and Printeth Callicoes.” This notice 
shows the combination of the copperplate engraver with 
the decorator of silver-plate; and the last clause in the 
notice refers to the repeating designs then cut upon 
heavy blocks of pear-wood, and used in hand-printing 
with dyes upon cotton cloth. In 1722 Dewing engraved 
a large plan of the town of Boston, which was probably 
the first engraving of its class made in this country; 
though the Hubbard map of New England, published 
in 1677 and credited to John Foster, antedates it as a 
‘map engraved upon wood. 

About this time, at least two other American-born en- 
gravers were working in Boston. These were Thomas 
Johnston, born in that town in 1708, who was doing 
some good work in 1729; and Nathaniel Morse, who en- 
graved a respectable copperplate portrait published in 
1781. ere also engraved the plates for some of the 


XXxiil 


NOTES 


early Massachusetts money. But the first man who pro- 
duced a really meritorious portrait plate in this country 
was undoubtedly Peter Pelham, who painted and then 
engraved in mezzotint, in 1727, a portrait of the Rev. 
Cotton Mather. By a curious coincidence, this is the 
third member of this famous New England family to 
find a place in our record of the earliest portraits en- 
graved in America. 

While the other engravers mentioned were self-taught, 
or engraved on copper simply as a branch of the silver- 
smith’s trade, Pelham was a thoroughly trained engraver 
in mezzotint, had engraved many portraits of notable 
people, and had achieved considerable fame as an en- 
graver before some now unknown cause induced him to 
leave London, and its field for profitable employment, to 
cast his lot with the people of Boston. And Pelham’s 
departure for New England so far removed him from 
his contemporaries that, until corrected by the late Mr. 
Whitmore, English writers upon the art of engraving 
assumed that he died about 17380, or just about the time 
that he disappeared from London. ‘They were ignorant 
of the fact that he remarried in Boston, taught school, 
and painted and engraved portraits in that city until his 
death, which actually occurred in 1751. 

This mention of Pelham suggests the remark that 
mezzotint engraving is not of such recent date in the 
United States as some writers upon the subject assume. 
As noted above, the first really good portrait plate pro- 
duced in America was a mezzotint; and about this same 
date William Burgis scraped a rather poor mezzotint 
view of the lighthouse near Boston; and the stepson of 
Peter Pelham—the later famous artist John Singleton 
Copley—about 1765, made at least one mezzotint por- 
trait, that of the Rev. William Welsteed. Somewhat 
later than this, we have the respectable mezzotint work of 
Richard Jennys and Samuel Okey, in 1773 and 1774, 


XXIV 


NOTES 


and that of Charles Willson Peale in 1787, and of Ed- 
ward Savage in 1791. 

In the quarter century just preceding the outbreak of 
the American Revolution there was a somewhat rapid in- 
crease in the number of engravers in the Colonies; though 
the volume of work was not large, including a few por- 
traits, some views of prominent buildings, and maps, 
book-plates, bill-heads, and engraved music. In addition 
to the names already mentioned, we note for this period 
the following men among the recognized engravers: In 
the New England section, James Turner, Nathaniel 
Hurd, Paul Revere, Joseph Callender, and Amos Doo- 
little; in New York, Michel Godhart de Bruls, Elisha 
Gallaudet, Peter Rushton Maverick, and Bernard Ro- 
mans; and in Philadelphia, Henry Dawkins, John 
Steeper, James Claypoole, Jr., James Smither, John 
Norman, James Poupard, and Robert Aitken. Some of 
these men do not appear as engravers until 1775; and 
others, as Dawkins, Turner, and Norman, worked at 
different times in several colonies. 

In the Southern Colonies, prior to the Revolution, the 
printing-press and what pertained to it found little en- 
couragement, and book-plates and other minor engraved 
work usually came from England. Prior to 1775 we 
find but one engraver located south of the Mason and 
Dixon Line; Thomas Sparrow, of Annapolis, who en- 
graved title-pages, book-plates, and some woodcuts, and 
conspicuously signed his name to the plates for the 
Maryland paper money of 1770-74. The only other 
Southern engraver approaching the date of 1775 is 
Thomas Coram, of Charleston, S. C., who designed and 
engraved the plates for the South Carolina money of 
1779. 

With the outbreak of the Revolution a popular de- 
mand arose for other portraits than those of clergymen 
and college benefactors: and to this event we are indebted 


XXV 


NOTES 


for the Samuel Adams of Revere and Okey, the John 
Hancock by Revere, the early portraits of Washington, 
and the remarkable series of American generals and 
statesmen engraved by John Norman. To these we 
should add the battle scenes of Romans and Doolittle 
and early maps of the seat of war. With scarcely an ex- 
ception these patriotic efforts were exceedingly crude in 
design and execution and are now only prized for their 
historical interest and their relative rarity. 

The peace of 1782, and the consequent fairly rapid 
development of the American States, brought some en- 
couragement to the fine arts in the new republic. But so 
far as engraving was concerned this movement was slow. 
It was not until 1794 that a meritorious plate of any de- 
scription was engraved, for the first time in our art his- 
tory, by a man born on American soil and regularly — 
trained as a professional engraver. 'This honor belongs 
to Cornelius Tiebout, a native of New York and the 
descendant of a Dutch-Huguenot ancestor who settled 
on Long Island in the seventeenth century. This claim 
is made with all due regard for the creditable portraits 
engraved by Charles Willson Peale and Edward Savage 
several years before Tiebout published his John Jay in 
London. Both Peale and Savage were Americans by 
birth, and both were trained to engrave in England; but 
while Peale and Savage did comparatively little engrav- 
ing and were actually portrait-painters, Tiebout devoted 
his life to producing and publishing prints. 

The life record of Cornelius 'Tiebout is somewhat ob- 
scure. We know that he was engraving in line in New 
York as early as 1789, and that he went to London with 
the purpose of learning to engrave under competent 
masters of the art. 'Tiebout made excellent use of his op- 
portunities and became a very good stipple-engraver, 
abandoning the line work of his earlier period. In De- 
cember, 1794, he engraved and published in London his 

XXV1 


NOTES 


large print of the ““Anthophile,” after a painting by J. 
Green; and in April, 1795, he published in the same city 
his quarto portrait of John Jay. Tiebout returned to the 
United States in 1796; established himself in business in 
New York, and then in Philadelphia, as a professional 
engraver, and his name is signed to a large number of 
important plates. 

Tiebout, however, soon after his arrival here, found 
two formidable rivals in the production of portraits in 
stipple, in the person of the Irishman, Houston, who was 
engraving in Philadelphia in 1796; and in David Kd- 
win, the son of an English comedian of some reputation, 
who came to the same city in 1797. Houston apparently 
soon returned to England; but Edwin remained in the 
United States and became one of the most prolific and 
popular portrait engravers of his period. 

After 1800 the number of engravers in the United 
States increases too rapidly for separate mention in this 
place, and there was a marked advance in the quality of 
the work performed. This double gain may be accounted 
for in several ways. The few good engravers now estab- 
lished in the country soon gathered pupils about them 
and taught others to engrave. ‘Then, too, there was a 
rapidly growing demand for good illustrative work in 
the magazines started, such as the “Port Folio” and the 
“Analectic,” and in the many American reprints of 
standard English books. These books were generally 
illustrated by well-engraved copperplates, which were 
copied, and served as excellent models for our own en- 
gravers. Among these reprints one of the earliest and 
most important was the American edition of Rees’ Ency- 
clopedia, published by Thomas Dobson, of Philadelphia, 
in 1794-1808. This publication appeared in many vol- 
umes, and the amount of illustrative work was so great 
that the names signed to the plates included about all the 
engravers then actively employed in the United States. 


XXvil 


NOTES 


Bank-note work had a very considerable influence 
upon the advancement of engraving in this country in 
the first quarter of the last century. In 1810 the Ameri- 
can, Jacob Perkins, devised means for substituting steel 
for copper in the engraved bank-note plate; thus provid- 
ing a material that admitted of much finer work and at 
the same time vastly prolonged the useful life of the plate 
itself. Perkins, Cyrus Durand, and other ingenious 
Americans invented or improved the transfer-press, 
geometrical lathe, and other mechanical appliances use- 
ful in bank-note work, and so cheapened the process that 
a decided impetus was given to the business—especially 
as this was an era of paper money in the States. Bank- 
note engraving establishments sprang into existence in 
all our larger cities; and as the engraving of the vignettes 
and the ornamentation and lettering of the plates de- 
manded the highest grade of work and furnished regular 
and profitable employment, we find that practically all 
the trained line-engravers during the first half century 
were thus engaged at some period in their professional 
career. Among these we may note such well-known 
names as Armstrong, Bannister, Burt, Casilear, Dan- 
forth, Hatch, Alfred Jones, Pease, Schoff, and the 
Smillies. Even the master among American line-en- 
gravers, Asher B. Durand, was for some time engaged 
in the manufacture of bank-notes, in association with his 
brother, Cyrus Durand, and with C. C. Wright and 
Joseph Perkins. 

By the middle of the last century American bank-note 
engraving had become deservedly famous throughout 
the world; much work was done for foreign govern- 
ments, and in this class of work our engravers are still 
preéminent. 

Another considerable field for the early American 
engraver was opened by the publication of the once 
popular and handsomely illustrated Annuals, first 

XXVili 


NOTES 


issued by the Ackermans, of London. ‘These books con- 
tained small landscape plates, ideal heads, and subject 
plates usually beautifully engraved in line after the 
paintings of foreign or American artists. It is among 
these small Annual plates, engraved by such men as A. 
B. Durand, John Cheney, Danforth, Prud’homme, and 
others that we find some of the most pleasing and best 
examples of pure line work executed in the United 
States. | 

James Barton Longacre, a designer, engraver and 
print-publisher of Philadelphia, also had a part in rais- 
ing the standard of engraving in this country. In 18382, 
in connection with James Herring, Longacre undertook 
the publication of “The National Portrait Gallery,” a 
collection of portraits and brief biographies of prominent 
American warriors and statesmen. In planning this 
work the standard of excellence in the engraved portraits 
was set so high that the promoters of the enterprise were 
- unable to find a sufficient number of skilled engravers to 
supply the plates in the time required. To meet this 
emergency they induced trained engravers to come from 
England and from the Continent to work especially up- 
on the “Gallery” plates. Some of these men returned 
home after executing their commissions; but a consider- 
able number of them established themselves in business 
here, to the advantage of the art generally. 

With the last quarter of the last century, however, 
came the beginning of the end of hand-engraving upon 
metal for purposes of popular illustration. This some- 
what abrupt and almost total disappearance of an art 
honored for more than four centuries, 1s directly trace- 
able to the mvention and rapid development of repro- 
ductive processes, combining the use of the camera and 
purely mechanical and chemical methods. By utilizing 
these processes the material for ordinary illustrative pur- 
poses is produced so rapidly and so cheaply that the 

XxXix 


NOTES 


comparatively slow and costly hand-engraving has be- 
come commercially impossible. Properly handled this 
process-work is satisfactory for the purpose intended; 
and in the more popular forms it has the decided 
advantage over copperplate work of permitting its 
use with type, at one printing; the separate and 
costly printing on the plate-press being no longer 
necessary. 

It must be admitted that in this substitution of me- 
chanical means for the work of the burin handled by a 
master in the art, we lose much of the power, brilliancy, 
and color seen in the plates of some of the old hand-en- 
gravers. But, on the other hand, these cheap and rapid 
processes add enormously to the volume of illustrative 
matter; and while there is far too much of certain 
classes of newspaper plates, the photographic nature of 
the abundant illustrations of the present day is storing 
up valuable material for the future historian. By 
combining color-printing with these processes, art is 
also promoted by a wider distribution of satisfactory 
copies of the work of the masters of this and of past 
centuries. 

One field alone is left open to the old-time hand-en- 
graver upon copper and upon steel, and that is the pro- 
duction of bank-note vignettes and the lettering of the 
plates. And that this field still remains is not due to any 
reverence for the art or its traditions, but rather to the 
very prosaic fact that by utilizing this skilled, slow, and 
costly work, the makers of bank-notes believe that they 
are making imitation more difficult. Eiven now, the 
cost of hand-engraving upon steel would be practically 
prohibitory, were it not that by the use of the transfer- 
press and other ingenious mechanical appliances, one 
expensive steel vignette can be made to do duty in a 
number of separate designs by transferring it upon 
copper and then differentiating it by appropriate ac- 


XXX 


NOTES 


cessories engraved upon this copperplate. As a matter 
of fact the original steel vignette is never used for 
printing. 

Hand-engraving upon copper and steel as an art is 
dead, never to be revived; but it must always be honored 
for its intrinsic merits, for its possibilities, and for its 
loving traditions. 


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ABERNETHIE 


In the “History of the Revolution of South Carolina,” 
by David Ramsay, M. D., published by Isaac Collins, 
Trenton, N. J., 1785, there are several maps of military 
operations, marked Abernethie Sc. Charleston. They are 
well engraved, and this same name is signed to several 
book-plates of Southern men. 


ADAMS, DUNLAP 

The “Pennsylvania Gazette,’ Sept. 6, 1764, contains 
the following announcement: : 

“Dunlap Adams. Engraver in Front-street, between 
Chesnut and Walnut streets, informs the Publick. That 
he does all kinds of engraving on Gold, Silver, Copper, 
Brass, Ivory, &c. As he is but lately come to Town, and 
of course has not so much Business as he could do, any 
Persons who are pleased to favour him with their Work, 
may depend on his doing it punctually to the Time ap- 
pointed, and in the neatest Manner. He also makes the 
nicest pierced or plain Medals in Gold or Silver. Like- 

3 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


wise, he proposes to teach Writing at his House, from 
Eleven to One o’clock, at two Dollars per Month.” 
No copperplate work by Dunlap Adams is known. 


AITKEN, ROBERT 

Born at Dalkeith, in Scotland, in 1734; died in Phila- 
delphia, July 15, 1802. Aitken appears in Philadelphia 
as a printer and publisher in 1769; returned to Scotland 
in the same year, but came back to Philadelphia in 1771. 
He issued the “Pennsylvania Magazine, or American 
Monthly Museum,” from January, 1775, to June, 1776. 
For this magazine he engraved the vignette on the title- 
page, after a design by Pierre EK. du Simitiere, and a 
number of the illustrations; among the latter were some 
of the first views of military operations in the Revolution 
ever engraved. While done on copper the work is crude, 
plainly showing an unpractised hand. But in the “Penn- 
sylvania Evening Post,” May 22, 1777, we find the state- 
ment, “All kinds of Engraving done in the neatest man- 
ner at R. Aitken’s book-store,” implying that he was 
ready to do other work than that intended for his own 
magazine. 


AKIN, JAMES 

Born about 1773, probably in South Carolina; died in 
Philadelphia, July 18, 1846, “aged 78 years.” Akin 
came to Philadelphia from Charleston, S. C., and was 
for a time a clerk in the State department under Tim- 
othy Pickering (1795-1800). 

His earliest work as an engraver is found in John 
Drayton’s “View of South Carolina,” Charleston, S. C., 

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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


1802, and in Dobson’s edition of Rees’ Encyclopedia, 
Philadelphia, 1794-1803; he signed the latter plates as 
J. Akin, Sc. So. Carolina. 

Akin then went to New England; as in 1804 he was 
engraving book illustrations in Salem, Mass., and in 
1806 he was established in Newburyport in the same 
State. He painted portraits in water-colors and is cred- 
ited with having issued a series of local caricatures of 
New England men, a few of which have been seen by the 
writer. Thomas Leavitt, of Hampton Falls, N. H., an 
intimate friend of Akin, is said to have had quite a col- 
lection of these caricatures, which was scattered and lost 
by his descendants. 

In 1808 Akin returned to Philadelphia and advertised 
himself as then located “just above the Upper Ferry 
over Schuylkill, where he means to persue his business, 
etc.” In 1811 his name appears in the Philadelphia di- 
rectories as an “engraver,” and, excepting in 1814-17, 
inclusive, the name of James Akin is printed continu- 
ously in these directories until 1846; but the occupation 
is variously given as engraver, designer, druggist, eat- 
ing-house keeper and draftsman for patents. He drew 
caricatures upon stone for the lithographers, engraved 
book-plates, and for a time he published prints in con- 
nection with William Harrison, Jr. 

The will of James Akin was probated Aug. 14, 1846, 
and is on record in Philadelphia. In it he leaves to his 
widow, Ophelia, “my best friend in this world,” his house 
at No. 18 Prune St., Philadelphia, two hundred shares 
of stock of the Bank of South Carolina, and twenty-five 
shares of the Planters & Mechanics Bank of Charleston 

5 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


—all for life, with remainder to his children. He men- 
tions one daughter, Caroline Christie Akin, and a sister, 
Eliza Akin, of Charleston, S. C. The name of his 
widow, Ophelia Akin, appears in the Philadelphia direc- 
tories until 1854. 


AKIN, MRS. 

Mrs. Akin is supposed to have been the wife of James 
Akin, who was established as an engraver in Newbury- 
port, Mass., in 1806—08. The only evidence we have of 
her work as an engraver, however, is a certificate of 
membership issued by the orphan asylum of Newbury- 
port, evidently in the beginning of the last century. The 
heading to this certificate represents a woman seated un- 
der a tree and surrounded by children, with drapery 
above the containing oval and crossed palms below. The 
certificate below declares that “Mrs. Akin furnishes each 
member with a specimen | of her abilities in the graphic 
arts.” 'The plate is otherwise unsigned. 


ALLEN, JOEL 


Born in 1755, at Farmington, now Southington, 
Conn.; died in 1825. Joel was the son of Daniel Allen, 
a storekeeper of Farmington, but he later settled in 
Middletown, Conn., owned property there, and there did 
much of his engraving. For these biographical points 
we are indebted to the courtesy of Mr. Albert C. Barnes, 
librarian of the Connecticut Historical Society. Mr. 
Barnes adds that Allen served in the Revolution, was 
a man of artistic temperament, and very versatile. 

His first dated work was for Williams Law’s “Select 

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Harmony,” published in 1779. He engraved plates for 
Maynard’s edition of “Josephus,” New York, William 
Durell, 1792, and in the same year a map of Connec- 
ticut, published in Middletown by William Blodgett. 
In 1796-97 he was engraving portraits for a history of 
France, published in Philadelphia, and he worked for 
Boston publishers at a seemingly later date. As an en- 
graver the work of Allen was very crude, and in line. It 
is possible that he learned to engrave with Kensett, of 
Cheshire, Conn. 


ALLEN, L. 


The only engraving seen by the compiler, and signed 
by L. Allen as engraver, is a quarto mezzotint portrait 
of Rev. Stephen Williams, D.D., first pastor of the 
church at Longmarsh, Mass. As the inscription records 
his death on June 10, 1782, the plate must have been en- 
graved after that date. 

The crudity of the work and the fact that the portrait 
is that of an American divine, are the only reasons for 
including L. Allen in this list, as nothing more is known 
about him. The plate bears evidence of having been en- 
graved prior to 1800. 


ALLEN & GAW 

The above names, as Allen & Gaw Sc., are signed to a 
“Chart of Boston Harbor, Surveyed in 1817 by Alex". 
S. Wadsworth, U.S.N., by order of Com®. William 
Bainbridge, to whom it is most respectfully inscribed.” 
This map, 35% x 41 ins. in size, was published by John 
Melish, Philadelphia, 1819. 

7 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


The Gaw of the above firm was possibly R. M. Gaw, 
who was seemingly in the employ of Peter Maverick, of 
Newark, N. J., in 1829, and was then engraving archi- 
tectural plans and elevations. 


ALLERDICE, SAMUEL 


This copperplate engraver was a pupil, and later a 
partner, of Robert Scot, of Philadelphia; and the firm of 
Scot and Allerdice made a large number of the plates 
for Dobson’s edition of Rees’ Encyclopedia, Phila- 
delphia, 1794-18083. According to the death-notices 
in “Claypoole’s Advertiser,” “Samuel Allerdice, en- 
graver,’ died in Philadelphia on Aug. 24, 1798. 

Over his own name Allerdice engraved in line a few 
portraits for Hume’s “History of England,” published 
by R. Campbell, Philadelphia, 1795. He was an indif- 


ferent engraver. 


ANDERSON, ALEXANDER 


Born in New York City, April 21, 1775; died in Jer- 
sey City, N. J., April 18, 1870. Anderson early became 
interested in copperplate engraving and was self-taught; 
but, yielding to the wishes of his family, he studied medi- 
cine, and in 1796 was graduated from the Medical De- 
partment of Columbia College as an M.D. He was 
again engraving on copper in New York in 1797, and 
the next year he permanently abandoned medicine for 
the burin. 

He engraved a number of copperplates and attained 
very considerable proficiency in that branch of his art. 

8 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


But in 1820 Dr. Anderson became interested in the 
wood-engravings of Bewick and his followers, and he so 
much improved upon the work of his predecessors in this 
country that he is generally recognized as the Father of 
Wood-Engraving in the United States. His use of the 
“white line’ in wood-engraving was peculiarly success- 
ful and effective. 


ANDERSON, HUGH 


The name of this good engraver in line and in stipple 
appears in the Philadelphia directories for 1811-19 and 
1822-24, inclusive; he engraved a large number of the 
plates appearing in S. F’. Bradford’s Philadelphia edi- 
tion of the Edinburgh Encyclopedia; and he also made 
portraits and other illustrations for the Philadelphia 
book publishers. Anderson possibly was trained abroad, 
and belonged to the group of Scotch engravers who came 
to the United States in the first decade of the last cen- 
tury. 

As late as 1835 a Hugh Anderson was engraving on 
copper and on wood in St. Clairville, O. This may have 
been the Philadelphia engraver, but the inferiority of the 
work of the later man would lead us to doubt this. 


ANDERSON, W. 

About 1855 this excellent engraver of portraits and 
landscape was working for the engraving firm of C. A. 
Jewett & Co., of Cincinnati, O. Much of his work will 
be found in the “Ladies Repository” published in that 
city. 

9 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


ANDERTON, G. 

Born in London about 1828; died about 1890, says 
Mr. Samuel Hollyer. Anderton was a good engraver of 
portraits in both the stipple and mezzotint manner; he 
was engraving in the United States as early as 1850, and 
for a time he was in the employ of J. M. Butler,of Phila- 
delphia. Some of these prints are signed G. J. Ander- 
ton, though the style would lead us to suppose that it is 
the same man mentioned above. 


ANDREWS, JOSEPH 

Born in Hingham, Mass., Aug. 17, 1805; died in Bos- 
ton, May 7, 1873. Andrews was apprenticed at an early 
age to the Boston engraver Abel Bowen, and from him 
and from Wm. Hoogland he learned to engrave. In 
1827 —or in 1829, according to W. J. Linton—he joined 
the firm of Carter, Andrews & Co., of Lancaster, Mass., 
F. Andrews being his brother. A very prosperous busi- 
ness was established in engraving, printing, and publish- 
ing, and Linton says that the firm employed as many as 
fourteen engravers at one time, though these were chiefly 
wood-engravers. The firm failed as a result of the fi- 
nancial panic of 1833. 

Joseph Andrews is said to have executed his first plate 
on steel in 1829, after a painting by Alvan Fisher. In 
1835 he went to England and received instruction from 
the London engraver Goodyear; he then worked in 
Paris, and while in the latter city he engraved a head of 
Franklin, from the Duplessis portrait, for the works 
of Franklin edited by Jared Sparks. After a short stay 
in the United States, Andrews again visited Europe in 

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1840, and during his two years absence from this country 
he engraved six plates for the “Gallerie Historique de 
Versailles,” published in Paris. Andrews went to Paris 
for a third time in 1858; and in 1855 he commenced his 
chief plate—“Plymouth Rock, 1620,” engraved after a 
painting by Rothermel. This plate was not completed 
until 1869, and in its execution it consumed nearly half 
of this engraver’s time for fourteen years. 

Joseph Andrews ranks among the best of American 
line-engravers and especially excelled in portrait work. 
In the course of his professional career in the United 
States he seems to have had a number of business asso- 
ciates, as we find plates signed by his name coupled with 
those of Carter, F’. Andrews, Thos. Kelly, S. A. Schoff, 
H. Wright Smith, Wagstaff and W. H. Tappan. 


ANNIN, WILLIAM B. 


This engraver was probably a pupil of Abel Bowen, 
of Boston, as he was working for that master in 1813 and 
for some years thereafter. He then engraved both por- 
traits and views for a time over his own name; but as 
early as 1823 he was associated with the Boston engraver 
George Girdler Smith, and the firm of ANNIN & SMITH 
produced a considerable quantity of good work. Annin 
was largely engaged in map engraving and is credited 
with having engraved the once celebrated Loring 
globes. 

Annin & Smith were for some time engaged in the 
lithographic business, under the name of the Annin & 
Smith Senefelder Lithographic Company, of Boston. 
In 1831 Annin & Smith sold out the lithographic busi- 

11 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


ness to W. S. Pendleton, who continued the business as 
the Senefelder Company, of the same city. 


ARCHER, JAMES 

James Archer was the engraver of the majority | 
of the large plates illustrating Hinton’s “History and 
Topography of the United States,” published in Boston 
in 1834, ‘These views of American scenery are generally 
drawn by American artists; and on several of the plates 
the engraver signs himself J. Archer, Sc. Boston. Noth- 
ing more is known about him by the compiler; though, as 
an English engraver of this name was engraving land- 
scape plates for London publishers in 1882, it is possible 
that he came to the United States especially to engrave 
the plates in the edition of Hinton referred to. 

A James Archer was engraving book and magazine 
iUlustrations in 1855 for C. A. Jewett & Co., of Cincin- 
nati, O.; but while these plates are similar in character to 
_ the Boston work of 1834, it can not be positively stated 

that they were executed by the earlier James Archer. 


ARMSTRONG, WILLIAM G. 

Born in Montgomery Co., Pa., in 1823; and was liv- 
ing in Philadelphia in 1880. Armstrong was a pupil of 
James B. Longacre and he became a meritorious line-en- 
graver of portraits. His signed work is not abundant, as 
he devoted a large part of his professional life to bank- 
note engraving. ; 


ATWOOD, J. 
Was a map engraver working in Philadelphia about 
1840. 
12 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
BABSON, R. 


Stipple portraits, of little merit, are signed by Babson. 
About 1860 he was apparently in the employ of Joseph 
Andrews, of Boston, as we find plates signed Eng’d at 
J. Andrews by R. Babson. 


BAKER, I. H. 


This good engraver of portraits in the stipple manner 
was working in Boston about 1860. 


BAKER, JOHN 


About 1832 J. Baker designed and etched a large 
plate in line of the “Battle of Bunker’s Hill,” and about 
the same time two separate plates of “Washington Cross- 
ing the Delaware.” These three plates were published by 
Humphrey Phelps, of New York. He also engraved in 
line a very large plate (21.6 x 28.9 ins.) of the “Resur- 
rection of Christ,” which was “Designed & Engraved 
by John Baker,” and was published in 1835 by Justin 
Pierce, of New York. It is an ambitious piece of work 
and fairly well executed; but the drawing is somewhat 
peculiar, the two virgins gazing upon the angel at the 
door of the tomb being in very modern dress. 


BALCH, VISTUS 

Born in Williamstown, Mass., Feb. 18, 1799; died at 
Johnstown, N. Y., Oct. 25, 1884. Vistus Balch was the 
son of Joseph and Mary (Watson) Balch, and a lineal 
descendant of John Balch who came to Cape Ann, Col- 
ony of Massachusetts Bay, in 1623, from Somersetshire, 
England. 

Vistus Balch first appears as an engraver in Utica, 

13 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


N. Y., where he worked largely for the book publisher 
W. Williams, of that place. He was also for a time a 
member of the engraving firm of Balch, Rawdon & Co. 
of Albany, N. Y. About 1830 he left Utica for New 
York with Samuel Stiles, and under the firm name of 
Balch & Stiles they did considerable work in the latter 
city. Over his own name Balch engraved plates for the 
“New York Mirror,” and a large number of portraits 
and book illustrations for the publishers. He worked in 
line and his plates possess merit. 

Balch drew upon stone, about 1825, a very creditable 
portrait of Dr. Samuel L. Mitchell; which was published 
by Imbert, the pioneer lithographer of New York City. 


BANNERMAN, J. | 

Bannerman engraved in a crude manner two portraits 
of Franklin, one in line and the other in stipple, for the 
Works of Franklin, published in Huntingdon, Pa., in 
1800. In 1802, he was performing better portrait work 
for a Baltimore publisher; but he seemingly left very 
little signed work. 


BANNERMAN, W. W. 

As early as 1829 Medairy & Bannerman were engrav- 
ing book illustrations for the publishers of Baltimore, 
Md. Bannerman himself was engraving hard-line por- 
traits in Baltimore in 1842; but he is best known by his 
series of full-length portraits of statesmen, etched for 
the “United States Magazine and Democratic Review” 
in 1840-45. These plates are chiefly remarkable for the 
very bad drawing in the accessories to the portraits. 

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BANNISTER, JAMES 


This meritorious line and bank-note engraver was born 
in England, and was lately living in New York, at 
a very advanced age. According to Mr. Alfred Jones, 
Bannister was an apprentice in the engraving establish- 
ment of A. L. Dick, of New York; and his earlier signed 
work is chiefly in the form of portraits, though he also 
made some book illustrations. He became interested in 
bank-note work at an early date, and for some years he 
was the treasurer of the Homer-Lee-Franklin Bank 
Note Co., of New York. 


BARBER, CHARLES E. 


Son of William Barber noted below. Born in London 
in 1840; was living in 1892. Charles KE. Barber was ap- 
_ pointed an assistant engraver in the U. S. Mint at Phila- 
delphia in 1869; and upon the death of his father in 1880 
he was made his successor as chief engraver. Mr. Bar-_ 
ber’s best work is to be found in the medals struck for — 
Presidents Garfield and Arthur, the Indian peace medal, 
and the Great Seal of the United States. He is said to 
have been peculiarly happy in “catching a likeness.” 'The 
work of his department was enormously increased by the 
number of medal dies demanded by the War Depart- 
ment, and for other Government purposes, and the med- 
als struck under his direction are models of their kind. 


BARBER, JOHN WARNER 
Born in Windsor, Conn., Feb. 2, 1798; died in 1885. 
Barber was apprenticed to Abner Reed, at Kast Wind- 
sor, Conn., where Reed was then conducting a bank-note 
15 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


engraving establishment; and in 1823 Barber established 
himself in the engraving business in New Haven. But 
Barber soon became deeply interested in historical work, 
driving about the country in search of information, and 
in 1827 he published his first book, “Historical Scenes in 
the United States.” He published a dozen or more works 
of this description and some of them are illustrated by 
copperplates “Drawn & Engraved by J. W. Barber, N. 
Haven.” ; | 

Mr. W. J. Linton says that Barber engraved about 
400 woodcuts, from original drawings by himself, in 
1856-61, for a proposed book to be called “The Past and 
Present of the United States.” 


BARBER, WILLIAM 

Born in London, May 2, 1807; died in Philadelphia, 
August 81, 1879. Barber came to the United States with 
his father, John Barber, and from the latter he learned 
to engrave upon silver-plate, and for about ten years he 
followed this business in Boston. In 1865 he was em- 
ployed as an engraver in the U.S. Mint, in Philadelphia, 
as an assistant to James B. Longacre, then chief en- 
graver. Upon the death of Mr. Longacre, William Bar- 
ber, in January, 1869, was appointed his successor, and 
he served in that position until his death. 


BARKER, WILLIAM 
Barker was chiefly a map engraver, and he made a 
number of the maps published in Matthew Carey’s At- 
las, Philadelphia, 1795. His name appears in the Phila- 
16 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


delphia directories for 1795-96 and 1800-08, inclusive; 
in 1797 he was in New York working for the “New Ency- 
clopedia,” published by John Low. Barker also engraved 
maps and diagrams for Dobson’s edition of Rees’ Ency- 
clopedia, Philadelphia, 1794—1803. 

Barker was a capital script engraver; one of his best 
examples being the title-page to Birch’s “Views of 
Philadelphia,” published in 1800. 


BARNARD, W. S. 

About 1845 this engraver of book illustrations was 
working for New York publishers. His name as en- 
graver is found coupled with that of A. L. Dick, and he 
was probably in the employ of Dick. Other prints are 
found signed T'uthill & Barnard, Se. 


BARRALET, JOHN JAMES 

Born in Dublin, of French parentage, about 1747; 
died in Philadelphia, Jan. 16, 1815. He was buried from 
the house of W. H. Morgan, the Philadelphia print pub- 
lisher. Westcott, in his history of Philadelphia, says that 
Barralet came to that city about 1796, and painted por- 
traits and landscapes in water-colors and designed work 
for the engravers. He engraved a few plates, in both 
stipple and line, with no unpractised hand; and for a 
time he was associated in business with the Philadelphia 
engraver Alexander Lawson. This latter connection, 
however, was very short lived, as Barralet is described as 
a highly irritable and eccentric individual, very difficult 
to manage. David Edwin credits Barralet with the in- 


17 


“AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


vention of a ruling machine for bank-note work. Barra- 
let’s name appears in the Philadelphia directories for 
1797-1807 and 1813-14, inclusive; with his occupation 
sometimes noted as “engraver,” but more frequently as 
“artist.” His engraved plates are very few in number, 
but he designed a number of plates for other en- 
gravers. 


BASSETT, W. H. | 

The only examples of this engraver’s work are found 
by the compiler in “The Poetical Works of John Trum- 
bull,” published in Hartford, Conn., in 1820. These are 
vignettes and general illustrations fairly well executed; 
and the character of the work suggests that Bassett was 
a bank-note engraver. The plates are designed by E. 


Tisdale, and the latter engraved some of them 
himself. : 


BATHER, GEORGE 


Born in England and came to the United States about 
1851. He was chiefly employed as an engraver of por- 
traits by Samuel Hollyer and J. C. Buttre in New 
York. 


BATHER, GEORGE, JR. 


This portrait engraver was a son of the above, and died 
in Brooklyn in 1890. He was employed for a number of 
years in the engraving establishment of Buttre. 


BATEMAN, WILLIAM 


Bateman advertised in the “New York Mercury,” 
18 : 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


Dec. 1, 1774, as “Engraver on stone, steel, silver and 
copper; coats of arms, crests, cyphers, figures, heads and 
fancies, in the neatest manner.” 

No copperplate signed work is known to the writer. 


BAULCH, A. V. 


All that is known of this engraver is that he did some 
excellent line work for the Appletons, of New York, in 
1869, after designs by F’. O. C. Darley. 


BEAU, JOHN ANTHONY 


In the “New York Journal,” Dec. 13, 1770, John An- 
thony Beau advertises as “Engraver and chaser.” He 
was evidently an engraver upon silver-plate; though, like 
many others of his trade, he may have engraved upon 
copper. 


BECKWITH, HENRY 

Born in England and gained considerable reputation 
there for his admirable engravings of animals after the 
paintings of Landseer. Beckwith was working in New 
York in 1842—43 in connection with Alfred Jones; but he 
is best known in this country for his landscape work after 
American artists. He died a few years ago. 


BENNETT, WILLIAM JAMES 


Born in England in 1787, says Dunlap; but as Ben- 
nett was engraving aquatint plates in London in April, 
1808, this date is probably in error; he died in New York 
in 1844. Dunlap says that Bennett was a pupil of the 
London engraver William Westall; and that in 1805 he 

19 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


was attached to the medical staff of the English army in 
the Egyptian and Italian campaigns. 

Bennett came to New York in 1816, as a painter of 
landscape in water-colors and a draftsman for engravers. 
As an engraver he worked in aquatint, and produced a 
number of good views for the New York magazines, 
chiefly of points of interest about New York. Bennett 
was made an Associate of the National Academy of De- 
sign in 1827, and he became an Academician in 1828. 
For some years he was the curator of the academy. 


BEST, E. S. : 

Born in London in 1826; and came to the United 
States about 1850. He seems to have settled in Phila- 
delphia, as he worked for some years in the engraving 
and print publishing establishment of J. M. Butler, of 
that city. His best plate is “Washington at Valley 
Forge,’ a royal folio line plate after the painting by C. 
Scheussele. 


BILLINGS, A. 


An elaborately designed but poorly engraved book- 
plate of Richard Varick, an officer of the Revolution and 
Mayor of New York in 1801, is signed A. Billings, 
Sculpt. He was the preceptor in engraving of Abraham 
Godwin about 1782. 


BILLINGS, JOSEPH 
This Joseph Billings, “silversmith and watchmaker” 
by trade, was one of the early forgers of Colonial paper 
money, whose name is handed down to us in a proclama- 
20 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


tion issued on Jan. 15, 1770, by John Penn, Lieutenant- 
Governor of the Province of Pennsylvania. 

According to this document—which calls for his ar- 
rest—Joseph Billings “feloniously forged and counter- 
feited the Bills of Credit of the Province and passed the 
same. Fe is described as “a very remarkable person, 
being 6 Feet 5 Inches high, long-necked and raw-boned, 
about 50 years of Age . . . but often passes by the name 
of Doctor Billings, ete.” 


BIRCH, 

In 1789 Dobson & Lang, of Philadelphia, printed a 
small volume entitled “An Easy and Compendious Sys- 
tem of Short Hand,” written by Thomas Sarjeant. The 
frontispiece to this work is a well-engraved portrait of 
Mr. Tho. Gurney, signed Birch, Sculp. 

William Birch, the well-known engraver of the “Views 
of Philadelphia,” was living at Hampstead Heath, Eng- 
land,in 1788—91,and he did not come to this country un- 
til 1794. While William Birch is known to have en- 
graved at least one portrait, this portrait is in stipple; 
whereas that of Gurney is in line, with accessories that 
suggest a book-plate engraver. 

In the “New York Packet,’ Dec. 16, 1784, one B. 
Birch advertises that he “engraves seals, copperplates, 
cyphers and crests,” but no signed work of this B. Birch 
is known. It is possible that he was the engraver of the 
Gurney plate. But, on the other hand, the book which 
contains this plate is a reprint of a much earlier English 
edition; and the portrait plate may have been imported 
from England for this American edition. 

21 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


BIRCH, THOMAS 

Born in London about 1779; died in Philadelphia, 
Jan. 14, 1851. Thomas was the son of William Birch, 
the engraver, and came to Pennsylvania with his father 
in 1794, first settling at Neshaminy Bridge, Bucks Co., 
Pa., and he removed to Philadelphia about 1800. 
Thomas Birch is said to have assisted his father in mak- 
ing the plates for Birch’s “Views of Philadelphia’; and 
these plates were issued in 1800 as Drawn and Engraved 
by W. Birch & Son. But it is probable that Thomas 
Birch was chiefly engaged upon the drawing. No plates 
are known to the writer engraved by the younger Birch. 

Thomas Birch early turned his attention to portrait 
painting; but after 1807 he devoted himself to marine 
painting and achieved reputation. A number of his rep- 
resentations of naval battles in the War of 1812 have 
been engraved. 


BIRCH, WILLIAM 

Born in Warwickshire, England, April 9, 1755; died 
in Philadelphia, Aug. 7, 1834. Birch was an enamel 
painter and engraver; for a time he was working in Bris- 
tol, and in 1788-91 he was engraving prints and publish- 
ing them at Hampstead Heath, near London, and he 
was later living in London. In 1794 he came to Phila- 
delphia with a letter of introduction from Benjamin 
West to the Hon. William Bingham, and in that city he 
painted landscape in water-colors and miniatures in 
enamel; among the latter were several portraits of Wash- 
ington done after the Stuart head. 

The earlier engraved work of Birch was executed in 

22 


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stipple and was much more finished than that published 
in this country. His one known portrait, that of Mrs. 
Robinson, engraved after a portrait by Sir Joshua Rey- 
nolds, belongs to this period and is an excellent piece of 
work. In 1791 he published in London a quarto volume 
entitled “Délices de la Grande Bretagne,” a collection 
of views of places in the neighborhood of London, and 
well done in stipple. | 

His reputation as an American engraver is founded 
upon his “Views of Philadelphia,” drawn and engraved 
in 1798-1800 in connection with his son Thomas Birch, 
later well known as a landscape and marine painter. In 
1808 he also issued a smaller series of plates showing the 
country seats of the United States. ‘These views are now 
chiefly valued for their historical interest. His “Views 
of Philadelphia” were republished by him in 1802, and 
again republished by Robert Desilver in 1841. 


BLAKE, WILLIAM W. 


In 1848 Blake was engraving views of business build- 
ings; and he then had an engraving establishment at 167 
Broadway, New York. 


BLYTH, B. 

Among the prints exhibited at the late exhibition of 
the work of early American engravers at the Boston 
Museum of Fine Arts, was a mezzotint allegorical com- 
position signed Cole del—Blyth Fecit. 'The print is en- 
titled “Sacred to Liberty or an Emblem of ye Rising 
Glory of ye American States.” Among other emblems 
are a tree on a sea-shore supporting a heart-shaped es- 

23 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


cutcheon with thirteen stars; one of two genii holding an 
inverted British flag, and a striped flag. 

The descriptive catalogue ascribes this print tos Ben- 
jamin Blyth; who was born in Salem in 1740, was mar- 
ried in 1769, and was admitted to Essex Lodge in 1781. 

It is probable that this is the same B. Blyth who drew 
the two portraits of General and Mrs. Washington, after 
C. W. Peale, engraved by John Norman and published 
by John Coles in Boston, in 1780 and 1782. 

No other engraved work of Blyth is known to the 
writer. Robert Blyth, an English engraver in line, died 
in London in 1785; but judging from the character of 
the work, it is improbable that he was the engraver of 
this print. 


BOGARDUS, JAMES 

Born in Catskill, N. Y., March 14, 1800; died in New 
York City, April 18, 1874. In 1814 Bogardus was ap- 
prenticed to a watchmaker; and while mastering this 
trade he also became an expert die-sinker and engraver ; 
though it is not known that he engraved to any extent. 
He was a very skilful mechanic, and he invented a num- 
ber of valuable machines. Among these were improve- 
ments in cotton-spinning; a machine for engraving 
figures, etc., on watch dials; a transfer-machine for pro- 
ducing bank-notes from separate dies; the first dry gas- 
meter; and in 1836, while on a visit to England, he 
devised a successful medallic engraving machine; and in 
1839 he secured against 2,600 competitors a reward of- 
fered by the British government for the best machine for 
manufacturing postage-stamps. 

24 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


James Bogardus is perhaps best remembered by the 
five-story factory building constructed for his own use in 
New York in 1847, and made entirely of cast-iron. This 
was the first building of this kind anywhere, and he later 
erected similar buildings in various parts of the United 
States. 


BOLEN, J. G. 


This name is signed to an armorial book-plate of 
Charles M. Connolly as J. G. Bolen, 104 B’way. 'There 
is no indication of date, and the form of signature may in- 
dicate the publisher or stationer, rather than the engraver. 


BOLTON, J. B. 


Bolton was a capital script and letter engraver, located 
in Boston, Mass., in 1841, and working in connection 
with D. Kimberly. 


BONA-PARTE 

This name, evidently fictitious, is signed to a crude 
line portrait of James Madison, President of the United 
States. The name is divided as follows: Bona, Del. 
Parte, Sc. The print itself may be described as follows: 
Line, rect. full bust, face three-quarters right. Size,’7.5 x 
6.3 ins. The print is apparently of American origin and 
contemporaneous with Madison; it was found in its orig- 
inal frame in a Pennsylvania farm-house. 


BONAR, T. 

This engraver of portraits in the stipple manner was 
‘ working for the Methodist Book Room, in New York, 
25 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS | 


about 1850. About the same time the firm of Bonar & 
Cummings was producing portraits for the magazines. 


BOOTH, T. D. 

Booth is said to have been born in Albany, N. Y.; and 
in 1830 he was an apprentice in a bank-note engraving 
firm in New York. For a time he was engraving in Cin- 
cinnati and in Chicago; but in 1857 Booth was again in 
New York and was largely employed by G. P. Putnam 
& Co., the publishers of that city. 


BOUDIER, —— 


This evidently Krench engraver was an imitator of 
St. Memin in the style and size of his portrait plates and 
was apparently in this country about the same time. He 
probably learned to use the “physotrace’ in Paris, and 
his stay in the United States must have been a very short 
one, as only one plate so signed is known. This is a por- 
trait of “Buonaparte,” signed Boudier, sculp'. Philad*. 


BOWEN, ABEL 


Born in Sand Lake Village, Greenbush, N. Y., Dec. 
23, 1790; died in Boston March 11, 1850, according to an 
extended sketch of Abel Bowen prepared for the Bos- 
tonian Society by the late Wm. H. Whitmore and pub- 
lished in Boston in 1884. Bowen was engraving upon 
wood as early as 1811, and in August, 1812, he was in 
business as a printer in Boston. 

In 1816 Bowen published in Boston “The Naval 


Monument,” illustrated by copper and woodcut views of 


26 


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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


naval combats, a number of which were engraved by 
Bowen himself. He was certainly engraving upon cop- 
per in 1817 in both line and stipple; in 1821 he was in 
business with Alexander McKensie, a copperplate 
printer, and in 1825 he published Shaw’s “History of 
Boston,” illustrated by very creditable full-page views, 
mostly engraved upon copper, by Bowen. About this 
same time he drew upon stone the illustrations for an 
edition of the lectures of Sir Astley Paston Cooper, pub- 
lished by Pendleton, who established the first litho- 
graphic press in Boston. 

Mr. W. G. Linton, in his “History of Wood Engrav- 
ing in America” (Boston, 1882), says that in 1834 Abel 
Bowen, in association with the wood-engravers Alonzo 
Hartwell and John C. Crossman, established the Amer- 
ican Engraving and Printing Co. This company later 
became the Boston Bewick Co., the publishers of the 
“American Magazine,” a publication devoted to the en- 
couragement of wood-engraving in America. The two 
volumes of this magazine contain about 500 woodcuts, 
generally coarse and crude in execution. In 1836 their 
printing establishment was burned down and the com- 
pany failed. In the course of his business career Abel 
Bowen published a number of books. 


BOWER, JOHN 
Bower was a map engraver, working in Philadelphia 
in 1810-19, inclusive. He engraved a few poorly exe- 
cuted plates for Collins’ Quarto Bible, of 1816, and a 
very curious, large plate of the bombardment of Fort 
McHenry. Bower also engraved crude stipple portraits 
27 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


of Washington and John Adams, apparently done for a 
copy-book cover. 


BOWES, JOSEPH 

This engraver in both line and stipple was living in 
Philadelphia as early as 1796. His work was very poorly 
executed; but he engraved views in line for the “Amer- 
ican Universal Magazine” and the “Monthly Mag- 
azine,’ of Philadelphia, and also a number of illustra- 
tions in stipple for a history of France published by 
James Stewart, Philadelphia, 1796-97. Bowes engraved 
some of the plates for Dobson’s edition of Rees’ Ency- 
clopedia. 


BOYD, JOHN 

The name of this excellent engraver of portraits in 
stipple appears in the Philadelphia directories in 1811-— 
19 and 1822—27, inclusive. It is not known where he was 
born or learned to engrave; but judging from his prints 


he worked solely for the magazines and book publishers 
of Philadelphia. 


BOYNTON, G. W. 


This man was a map engraver, apparently located in 
Boston in 1842. | 


BRACKET, MISS H. V. 


A large Bible print of “Ruth and Boaz,” published 
about 1816 and very well drawn and engraved, is signed 
Etched by Miss H. V. Bracket—Hoogland dir’. 'The 
print probably appeared in the New York edition of 
Collins’ Quarto Bible; and the date would make Miss 

28 


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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


Bracket one of the earliest women engravers upon cop- 
per in the United States. Mrs. James Akin, working in 
1808, is the first on record, and though no definite dates 
can be assigned to the engraved work of the daughters 
of Peter Maverick, they were apparently engraving in 
the early thirties. 


BRIDPORT, HUGH 

Born in London in 1794, and came to Philadelphia in 
1816; and the directories of that city contain his name 
continuously until 1887. Dunlap says that Bridport was 
a pupil of C. Wilkins, a miniature painter of London. 
He opened a drawing academy in Philadelphia, in 1817, 
in connection with his brother, George Bridport; painted 
portraits and miniatures, and about 1818 he was asso- 
ciated with the English architect John Haviland in a 
school for teaching architecture and drawing. Bridport 
engraved a few very good portraits in the stipple man- 
ner. He was one of the instructors of the deaf-mute 
lithographer Albert Newsam, and Bridport himself drew 
a number of portraits upon stone for some of the early 
Philadelphia lithographers. 


BROOKS, —— 

The book-plate of Dr. J. Dove, of Richmond, Va., and 
living about 1800, was engraved by Brooks. The plate 
is poor enough to be early American work. 


BROWN, BENJAMIN 
The earliest plate seen signed by B. Brown is an ex- 
cellent stipple portrait of Sir Philip Francis, the frontis- 
29 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


piece to “The Identity of Junius,’ by John Taylor, 
published in New York in 1812. A number of very 
good line illustrations to a botanical work, also pub- 
lished in New York, are signed B. Brown, Sc., N. York; 
and the New York directory for 1819 contains the name 
of Benjamin Brown, engraver and printer of book- 
plates, maps, visiting-cards, etc., “in the first style of 
elegance.” The name only appears for this one year. 


BROWN, GEORGE L. 


Born in Boston, Mass., Feb. 2, 1814; died at Malden, 
Mass., June 25, 1889. Brown was originally appren- 
ticed to a wood-engraver, and woodcuts are found signed 
by him. He went abroad in 1853-55, studied in Rome 
and became a reputable painter of landscape. The only 
work upon copper known to the compiler is a series of 
admirable etchings of views about Rome, executed from 
his own drawings and published in 1860. 


BRUEN, R. C. 


Dunlap says that Bruen was an apprentice with © 
Maverick & Durand; but after doing some good work, 
he became deranged a few years later and was drowned 
in the Hudson River. The only examples of engraved 
work of Bruen known to the compiler are some very 
well-executed plates for editions of “Gil Blas” and “The 
Arabian Nights,” published by Wm. Durell, New York, 
1820. | 


BRUFF, CHARLES OLIVER 


Bruff advertises in the “New York Mercury” of 1770, 
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and possibly earlier, as a goldsmith and jeweler. In 
- 1775 he added an engraving department to his business, 
then established at the sign of “The Teapot, Tankard & 
Ear-ring,” between Maiden Lane and Crown Street, 
near the Fly Market; and he adds to his notice, ““Where 
he engraves all sorts of arms, crests, cypher & fancies, 
in the neatest manner and greatest expedition, with 
heads of Lord Chatham, Shakespear, Milton, Newton, 
etc., with Mason’s arms and all emblems of Liberty.” 

Bruff probably employed an engraver for this work, 
as his former advertisements make no mention of en- 
graving. As Henry Pursell advertises at times in the 
same journal, he may have been the engraver to whom 
this work was given by Bruff. 


BRULS, MICHELSON GODHART DE 

This man seems to have been the chief engraver upon 
copper in New York in the period 1759-63; though 
Elisha Gallaudet was engraving in that city as early as 
1759. De Bruls, acording to advertisements in the New 
York newspapers of his day, engraved book-plates, 
maps, and views. The earliest of his work—and the only 
large plate seen by the compiler—is a very well-executed 
“Plan of Niagara with the Adjacent Country, surren- 
dered to the English Army under the Command of Sir 
~ Will™ Johnson, Bart., on the 28th of July 1759.” This 
map contains a good coat of arms of Sir William John- 
son, and is signed Engraved and published by Michelson 
Godhart de Bruls,in New York, North America. 

The “New York Mercury,” for May 8, 1762, and suc- 

31 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


ceeding numbers, state that this plan and a companion 
plate were to be published by subscription by “Michael 
de Bruls, Engraver and'an Inhabitant of this City.” 
The second plate was “A plan of the Landing, Encamp- 
ment and Attack against Fort Niagara, on Lake On- 
tario, . .. also the Engagement where the French 
Reinforcements were defeated.” The advertisement 
goes on to say that these two plans were engraved “on 
two large copperplates” and “would form a print 2 ft. 
11 ins. by 1 ft. 1 m. exclusive of margins.” It is stated 
that “they were almost ready for printing,” and it is to 
be presumed that both plates were published, though the 
second plate is unknown to the compiler. The price to 
be paid was eight shillings each, and they were to be de- 
livered to subscribers before June 26, 1762. 

Another ambitious work by de Bruls is noted in the 
“New York Mercury” of Oct. 11, 1762. He then pro- 
posed to engrave and publish by subscription “T'wo dif- 
ferent Waterviews and two different Landviews of the 
flourishing City of New York”: “(1) These above men- 
tioned four different views, with the respective refer- 
ences in English, High Dutch and Low Dutch, will be 
curiously engraved on a copperplate of 21 x 12 inches, 
and printed on the best paper.” “(2) A plan of the — 
streets, etc. of the City, with their respective names, will 
also be neatly engraved on another copperplate and 
printed on best large paper.” These views were to be 
sold for twenty shillings, and subscriptions were taken 
by “Michael de Bruls, Publisher and Engraver of the — 
above Plates, at the lower end of New Street, next door 
to Col. Thodey, in New York.” On Feb. 28, 1763, de 

32 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


Bruls apologizes for his delay in issuing the plates, and 
complains of lack of encouragement; he finally requests 
would-be subscribers to make haste as he wishes to insert 
their names in a descriptive pamphlet that is to accom- 
pany the plates. All of these views are unknown to the 
compiler. 

On March 5, 1759, “Mr. Michael de Bruls, En- 
graver, was located at “Mr. Furer, Silversmith, in 
French Church Street, New York”; and he probably 
added to his scanty income by engraving on silver. He 
neatly engraved at least one book-plate. 


BRUNTON, RICHARD 

This mediocre engraver first appears in the columns 
of the “American Journal and Daily Advertiser,” of 
Providence, R. I., where, on Jan. 31, 1781, he advertises 
as “engraver and die-sinker.” While in Providence he 
engraved the portrait of Washington which appeared as 
a frontispiece to “A Poetical Epistle to his Excel. 
George Washington, etc. London printed. Providence 
(Rhode Island) Reprinted and sold by Bennett Wheeler 
at his office on the West side of the Great Bridge 
MDCCLXXI.” The journal above mentioned adver- 
tises this “E/pistle” as published in March, 1781. 

As to the further career of Brunton, the writer is in- 
debted to Mr. A. C. Bates, the librarian of the Connec- 
ticut Historical Society, at Hartford, who has published 
a lengthy monograph on this very obscure engraver. 
According to Mr. Bates, Brunton appears in Suffield, 
Conn., about 1790; and he there put his knowledge of 


die-sinking to use in making counterfeit money. ‘The 
33 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


records of the Superior Court in Wyndham County, 
Conn., for the March term of 1799, show that a Richard 
Brunton was charged with making “types and dies” for 
counterfeiting the silver coin current in the State. 
Brunton pleaded guilty to the charge and was sentenced 
to imprisonment for two years in the Connecticut State 
prison at Newgate, in the town of Granby. 

Brunton’s enforced stay in this prison of infamous 
memory may account for several of the plates assigned to 
him; and especially for the armorial and portrait plate of 
Major Reuben Humphreys, signed “R. B.” This Major 
Humphreys was the keeper of Newgate prison from 1796 
until 1801; this period covering the stay of Brunton at 
that place. For similar reasons, a large and curiously 
drawn plate of the Newgate prison is ascribed to the 
same man. Mr. Bates assigns to this Brunton a con- 
siderable number of book-plates, none of which are 
signed with his name as engraver. 

Mr. William S. Baker, in his “American Engravers,” 
says that Gideon Fairman, about 1792, was encouraged 
to take up the art of engraving by “an English engraver 
by the name of Brunton.” As Fairman was then living 
at Newtown, Conn., the above Richard Brunton may be 
the engraver referred to. 


BUELL, ABEL 


Born in Killingsworth, Conn., Feb. 1, 1742; died in 
New Haven about 1825. Buell was apprenticed to a sil- 
versmith, and he became a skilful engraver upon metal 
and was engaged in that business on his own account. 
While he was still a young man there is a report that he 

34 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


was arrested and imprisoned for having altered a plate 
for a Colonial note. 

Buell later established a type foundry and is said to 
have cut the matrices for several fonts of type. He re- 
moved to Springfield, Mass., and then to New Haven, 
about 1774-75, and at the latter place he was employed 
by Bernard Romans in constructing a map of North 
America. Buell is credited with having made the survey 
of the coast about Pensacola for Romans, and with hav- 
ing engraved some of the maps in Romans’ “Natural 
History of Florida,” published in New York in 1775. 
He may also have engraved the plan of Boston published 
by Romans in 1775. Buell engraved a diploma plate for 
Yale College prior to 1775, says Mr. James Terry in one 
of his “Ex Libris Leaflets.” 

In consideration of his services to the public the legis- 
lature of Connecticut restored to Buell his civil rights. 
He was employed by the State in making money with 
apparatus devised by himself. He also erected in New 
Haven one of the first cotton mills built in the United 
States. 


BULL, MARTIN : 
Born, probably in Farmington, Conn., Dec. 3, 1744; 
died March 24, 1825. Mr. Charles Dexter Allen, in his 
“American Book-Plates,” says that about 1795 Bull was 
a goldsmith in business in Farmington, was a deacon, 
town treasurer, clerk of probate for thirty-nine years, a 
strong patriot and “a writer of long and appallingly sol- 
emn letters to the youth of the village when at college.” — 
Bull engraved his own book-plate and another, most 
35 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


curiously designed, for the Monthly Library, of Farm- 
ington, Conn. In engraving the latter plate he was as- 
sisted by his partner, ‘Thomas Lee, who was born in 1717 
and died in 1806, says Mr. James Terry, of New Haven. 


BURGIS, WILLIAM 

William Burgis was a publisher of American maps 
and views as early as 1717. He also attempted mezzotint 
engraving—according to the evidence of a single large 
plate, very coarsely executed and signed W. Burgis del 
et fecit. This plate is a view of the lighthouse at the en- 
trance to Boston harbor, and bears the inscription “To 
the Merchants of Boston this View of the Light House 
is most humbly presented by their Humble Serv’'t Wm. 
Burgis.” | 

All the other known prints associated with the name of 
William Burgis are engraved in line, are usually well 
engraved, and several of them are signed by known en- 
gravers. The compiler contends that these prints were 
simply published by Burgis. The most conspicuous 
among these engravings is the “South Prospect of the 
City of New York,” dedicated by William Burgis to 
Gov. Robert Hunter, and published in 1717, according 
to a date connected with one of the inscriptions. This 
view is about five feet long, is very well engraved, and the 
only known copy belongs to the New York Historical 
Society. In this copy, unfortunately, the greater part of 
the descriptive title at the bottom of the plate is torn off, 
and with this the name of the engraver has disappeared. 
The same society, however, possesses a restrike of this 
plate, published by Thomas Bakewell, print-seller, of 

36 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


London, on March 25, 1746; on this restrike the arms and 
name of Gov. George Clinton have been substituted for 
those of Governor Hunter. But this latter plate pre- 
serves all the inscription, including that of the engraver, 
who signed himself Z. Harris, scu. This John Harris 
was a reputable English engraver of landscape, etc., who 
flourished between 1686 and 1739. As Harris was dead 
in 1746, he undoubtedly engraved the original plate 
published by William Burgis in 1717. 

A. plan of Boston, published by William Burgis in 
1729 and dedicated to Governor Burnet, was engraved 
by Thomas Johnston, of Boston, New England, and is 
so signed. Burgis also published views of the college at 
Cambridge, Mass., and of the New Dutch Church, in 
New York, the latter dedicated to Gov. Rip Van Dam. 
These prints are executed in line, but, as the compiler 
has not been able to study original impressions, nothing 
more can be said about them. 

W. Burgis is said to have married the widow of a tav- 
ern-keeper, and to have kept a tavern for a time in 
Boston. 


BURNAP, DANIEL 
This engraver of brass clock-faces, working in East 


Windsor, Conn., before 1800, is mentioned by Mr. James 
Terry in his “Ex Libris Leaflet, No. 4.” 


BURT, CHARLES 
Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, Nov. 8, 1823 (though 
this date appears to be an error); died in Brooklyn, 
March 25, 1892. ‘This exceptionally good line-engraver 
87 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


was a pupil of W. Holme Lizars, a well-known engraver 
of Edinburgh, and he came to New York in 1886. He 
was employed for a time by A. L. Dick, of that city, and 
some of his best early work bears‘the signature of A. L. 
Dick as engraver. Burt engraved and etched a large 
number of plates for portraits and book illustrations; but 
he later turned his attention almost entirely to bank-note 
work, and for some years he was one of the chief engravers 
for the Treasury Department, at Washington, D. C. 
Several of his larger plates were made for the American 
Art Union, in 1851-52. 


BUTLER, —— 

A. good line-engraving of a man and a lion is signed 
Butler Sc. Balto. The plate was engraved prior to 1835, 
as the example seen has written upon its back a “‘presen- 
tation” of that date. 


BUTLER, J. M. 


While this name is appended to a large number of 
prints, Butler was a plate printer and print publisher 
of Philadelphia about 1850, and the employer of engray- 
ers. ‘There is no evidence that J. M. Butler was an en- 
graver himself—unless the work noted above was done 
by him. Later, Butler held political office in Philadel-' 
phia and abandoned publishing. 


BUTTRE, JOHN CHESTER 
Born in Auburn, N. Y., June 30, 1821; died at Ridge- 
wood, N. J., Dec. 2, 1898. After being educated in the 
38 


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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


district schools and the Auburn academy, Buttre became 
interested in art, studied drawing under Hulaniski, a 
Pole residing in Auburn, and made some attempts at 
portrait-painting. Not succeeding in colors, he turned 
his attention to wood-engraving and was later established 
in business in Auburn. In 1841 he removed to New 
York, became a line-engraver of reputation, and a con- 
siderable amount of his work of this period appeared in 
the magazines. As a member of the firm of Rice & But- 
tre, and later under his own name, he established an ex- 
tensive engraving business in New York, and he em- 
ployed many engravers. He continued in active business 
until his death, and it is said that nearly 8000 plates bear 
his name. 


B., J. W. 

These initials as J. W. B. del. et sc. are signed to a 
quarto line-plate representing an engagement between 
Georgia militia, under Gen. John Floyd, and a force of 
Creek Indians, at Antossee, Ala. This fight, in which 
Gen. Floyd was badly wounded, took place on Nov. 29, 
1813; and the plate, which is fairly well engraved, is 
seemingly of contemporaneous date. ‘The writer cannot 
assign this plate to any known American engraver. 


CADE, J. J. 


Born in Canada and was living in Brooklyn in 1900. 
Cade was a good engraver of portraits, in a mixed man- 
ner. He worked for the New York magazines and book 
publishers. 

39 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


CALLENDER, BENJAMIN 

Born in Boston, March 16, 1773; died in Northfield, 
Mass., Feb. 22, 1856. He was a son of Benjamin Cal- 
lender, a brother of Joseph Callender, the engraver, and 
Abigail Belcher. In 1798, Benjamin Callender, Jr., re- 
moved to Northfield, and on Nov. 17, 1798, he married 
Sally Laughton, who was born in Boston and died March 
80, 1858, aged 80 years. In the “History of Northfield,” 
Benjamin Callender is mentioned as a “merchant and 
engraver.” | 

His engraved work chiefly consists of maps and charts, 
and he was engraving these for Boston publishers as 
early as 1796. Callender engraved some of the maps in 
the “American Gazetteer,” by Jedediah Morse, Boston, 
1797. 


CALLENDER, JOSEPH 


Born in Boston, Mass., May 6, 1751; died there Nov. 
10, 1821, and was buried in the Old Granary Burying 
Ground in Boston. He was the son of Eleazer Callender 
and Susanna Hiller. According to a notice in the “Mas- 
sachusetts Sentinel,” “Mr. Joseph Callender, Engraver, 
was married, on Aug. 1, 1789, to Miss Elizabeth Laugh- 
ton.” 

Joseph Callender was employed for some time as a die- 
sinker for the Massachusetts Mint. In association with 
Paul Revere he engraved a number of line-plates for the 
“Royal American Magazine,” published in Boston in 
1774. His chief occupation, however, seemed to be the 
engraving of book-plates, bill-heads, and work of a simi- 
lar character. 


40 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
CAMPBELL, A. G. and J. K. 


These two men were engraving portraits, in a mixed 
but effective manner, in New York about 1860. 


CAMPBELL, ROBERT 

An engraver of this name furnished good line illustra- 
tions for S. F’. Bradford’s edition of the Edinburgh En- 
cyclopedia, Philadelphia, 1806-18; and the name, as 
“engraver,” appears in the directories of that city for 
1822-381, inclusive. A well-executed stipple portrait of 
Chief Justice William Telghman was engraved by R. 
Campbell and published in 1829. | 

Robert Campbell was the publisher of Wm. Birch’s 
“Views of Philadelphia,” in 1800; but it is not certain 
that this is the same man. 


CAPEWELL, SAMUEL 

Capewell was a letter engraver of some reputation. 
About 1860 the firm of Capewell & Krimmel was in busi- 
ness in New York as engravers and publishers; this firm 
is still in existence. Plates signed by this firm are gen- 
erally the work of engravers in their employ; though 
Krimmel was also an engraver. 


CAREY, PEYTON 


At the exhibition of early engraving in America, held 
at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 1904, a seal of 
the University of Georgia was shown. A note says that 
this seal was designed and cut by Mr. Peyton Carey, “a 
graduate of 1810.” 

. 41 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


CARIO, MICHAEL 

The “American Weekly Mercury,” Philadelphia, 
July 8-15, 1736, advertises the arrival from London of 
Michael Cario, “Jeweller.” After detailing his various 
wares, in the form of rings, buttons for sleeves, snuff- 
boxes, ete., he adds the following: “N.B. The said 
Michael Cario buys all sorts of old Diamonds, or any 
other Stones, and performs all sorts of Engraving Work, 
either in Gold or Silver.”’ 3 


CARPENTER, B. 


Carpenter was a line-engraver of landscapes and 
buildings, apparently working in Boston in 1855. 


CARSON,C. W. 


This man was a line-engraver of maps and vignettes 
located in Albany, N. Y., in 1843. 


CASILEAR, JOHN W. 


Born in New York, June 25, 1811; died Aug. 17, 
1893. At the age of fifteen Casilear was apprenticed to 
the engraver Peter Maverick and after a time he became 
an excellent line-engraver; his large plate of “A Sibyl,” 
after the painting by Daniel Huntington, being an ad- 
mirable example of pure line work. 

Having studied bank-note engraving under Maverick 
and A. B. Durand, he was engaged in that business for 
some years, and about 1854 he became a member of the 
bank-note engraving firm of ‘Tappan, Carpenter, Casi- 
lear & Co., of New York. But having become interested _ 

42 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 

in painting in oil, and having studied painting in Europe 
in 1840 and in 1857, Casilear became a landscape-painter 
of reputation. He was an Associate of the National 
Academy in 1835, and a full Academician in 1851. 

Casilear engraved plates in conjunction with J. W. 
Paradise; and other plates are signed Casilear, Capewell 
& Krimmel. 


CHAMBERS, R. 

This engraver was doing some fairly good work, in 
both line and stipple, in Washington, D. C., about 1820 
—26. His best work, noted by the writer, is a bust of 
Thomas Jefferson, in an oak-garlanded circle, heading a 
facsimile of a letter written by Jefferson to R. C. Weight- 
man, Mayor of Baltimore. The letter is dated June 24, 
1826, and the engraving seems, from its inscription, to be 
of contemporaneous date. 


CHAPIN, WILLIAM 

Born in Philadelphia, Oct. 17, 1802; died there Sept. 
20, 1888. William Chapin was a lineal descendant of 
Deacon Samuel Chapin, who settled at Springfield, 
Conn., in 1642. On Nov. 4, 1817, William Chapin was 
apprenticed to John Vallance, of the engraving firm of 
Tanner, Vallance, Kearny & Co., of Philadelphia. He 
remained with this firm until 1822, when he purchased 
his freedom for $125,and he then began business for him- 
self as an engraver. In December of the same year he 
made a contract with the Baltimore publisher, Fielding 
Lucas, to engrave for him for the sum of $416 per an- 
num, or less than $35 per month; and in August, 1824, 

7 43 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


he accepted a similar engagement with a New York firm 
for $520 per year. : 

About 1827 Mr. Chapin turned his attention to pro- 
jecting and engraving maps, and in time he established 
an extensive map business in New York. Chapin’s large 
map of the United States is said to be the first map en- 
graved upon steel in this country. 

In 1838 Mr. Chapin became much interested in the 
education of the blind; and in 1840 he permanently aban- 
doned engraving and map publishing to become the prin- 
cipal of an institution for the blind in Columbus, O. He 
remained at this place until 1847,and in 1849 Mr. Chapin 
was elected principal of the Institution for the Blind in 
the city of Philadelphia, and to this work he devoted the 
remainder of his life. | 

For these notes upon Mr. Chapin, the compiler is in- 
debted to the courtesy of his son, John Basset Chapin, 
M.D., physician in charge of the Pennsylvania Hospital 
for the Insane in Philadelphia. 


CHAPMAN, JOHN GADSBY 

Born in Alexandria, Va., Dec. 8, 1808; died in Brook- 
lyn, July 6, 1890. Little of Mr. Chapman’s early life is 
known, other than that he studied art in Italy and in 18386 
he opened a studio in New York. For some time there- 
after he was largely employed by the Harper Bros. and 
by others as a designer for book illustrations, as a wood- 
engraver, and an etcher after his own designs. He did 
not engrave upon copper in line or stipple. In 1848 Mr. 
Chapman returned to Italy and devoted himself entirely 
to painting, maintaining a studio in Rome until his death. 

AAs 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


Two of Mr. Chapman’s sons, Conrad Wise and John 
Linton Chapman, were painters and artist etchers. Both 
of these sons were born in Rome; the first-named served 
in the Confederate army throughout the Civil War, and 
died some years ago; the other was living in 1900. A 
daughter, Mary Chapman, married Count Cerovitch, one 
time private secretary to Victor Emanuel, late King of 
Italy. 


CHARLES, WILLIAM 

Died in Philadelphia in 1820. Mr. Lossing says that 
William Charles was a Scotchman who was compelled to 
hastily depart from Edinburgh to escape prosecution for 
caricaturing some of the dignitaries of that city. Dr. An- 
derson says Charles came to New York in 1801, and in 
1807 he was established in that city as an engraver and 
publisher at “Charles’ Repository of Arts.” The directo- 
ries of Philadelphia locate him in that city from 1816 to 
1820, inclusive; he was in business there as a copperplate 
engraver, as a bookseller and asa publisher and stationer. 

Charles engraved in line, stipple, and in aquatint; but 
he is best known by his series of caricatures, chiefly of 
events connected with the War of 1812, or with local 
politics. These war etchings were issued in 1813, in con- 
nection with S. Kennedy; they were published in monthly 
sets of four, at $1.50 per set to subscribers, and $2.00 to 
non-subscribers. As a publisher Charles was located at 
32 S. Third St., Philadelphia, and among the books pub- 
lished by him were “The Vicar of Wakefield” and “The 
Tour of Dr. Syntax,” both illustrated by colored plates 
aquatinted by Charles after Rowlandson. | 

45 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


CHENEY, BENJAMIN anp TIMOTHY 

These clock-makers of East Hartford, Conn., were 
working about 1781-1801; and their well-engraved brass 
clock-faces show very considerable skill in handling the 
burin. They are referred to by Mr. James Terry, in his 
“Ex Libris Leaflet, No. 4.” 


CHENEY, JOHN 

Born at South Manchester, Conn., Oct. 20, 1801; died 
there, Aug. 20, 1885. This unexcelled line-engraver of 
small heads and book illustrations was working as an en- 
graver in Boston in 1829, and in 1833 he went to Europe 
to study art, supporting himself there by engraving for 
American publishers. But disheartened by the lack of 
encouragement for art in this country, he virtually aban- 
doned engraving while he was still comparatively a 
young man. A life of John Cheney, by Ednah D. Che- 
ney, was published in 1889; and a very complete check- 
list of the engraved work of both John and Seth W. 
Cheney has been compiled by the late Mr. S. R. Koehler, 
Boston, 1891. John Cheney also drew upon stone for 
some of the Boston lithographers. 


CHENEY, SETH WELLS 

Born at South Manchester, Conn., Nov. 28,1810; died 
in Boston, Sept. 10, 1856. In 1829 S. W. Cheney joined 
his brother, John Cheney, in Boston, and with him 
learned to engrave. After working with a publishing © 
firm in Brattleboro, Vt., for about a year, he accompanied 
John Cheney to Europe in 1838, and studied in Paris un- 
der Isabey, Delaroche, and other French masters. Seth 

46 


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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


W. Cheney returned home in 1834, and then spent sev- 
eral years in Ohio, with another brother, in an attempt at 
growing mulberry trees and rearing silk-worms. He 
again went to Kurope in 1837 and resumed his art studies 
in France, Italy, and Germany; and in 1841 he opened 
a studio in Boston. He there began to draw portraits in 
crayon, which by their artistic merit earned him much- 
deserved fame, and to Seth W. Cheney belongs the credit 
of having been practically the first among American art- 
ists to effectively work in “black and white.” The line- 
engravings of Seth W. Cheney are comparatively few in 
number. His life was written by Ednah D. Cheney, and 
published in Boston in 1881. 


CHILDS, CKEPHAS G. 


Born in Bucks Co., Pa., Sept. 8, 1793; died in Phila- 
delphia, July 7, 1871. Childs was taught to engrave by 
Gideon Fairman in Philadelphia, and as a “historical 
and landscape engraver” his name appears in the direc- 
tories of that city from 1818 to 1845, inclusive. Prob- 
ably his earliest signed work is to be found in S. F. Brad- 
ford’s edition of the Edinburgh Encyclopedia. 

Childs issued his “Views of Philadelphia” in 1826-38, 
many of these being engraved by himself. After a visit 
to Europe, he asociated himself with the artist Henry 
Inman, under the firm name of Childs & Inman. This 
firm, which was in existence from 1831 to 1835, brought 
P. S. Duval from Europe and placed him at the head of 
the lithographic department added to their general en- 
graving business. Inman drew upon the stone himself, 
and their deaf and dumb apprentice, Albert Newsam, 

AT 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


executed some of his best work for the firm of Childs & 
Inman, and became the foremost lithographic artist of 
his day. 

Cephas G. Childs was a very good engraver of portraits 
in stipple and landscape and vignettes in line, though 
his signed work is not very abundant. In 1822 the firm 


of Childs & Carpenter was publishing elaborately en- — 


graved business-cards and script work in Philadelphia. 

About 1845 Childs abandoned engraving and inter- 
ested himself in newspaper work in Philadelphia. Along 
with Walter Colton he was one of the editors of the 
“Commercial Herald,’ John R. Walker being the pub- 
lisher. He was afterward commercial editor of the 
“North American,” published by Thomas R. Newbold. 
Childs established the “Philadelphia Commercial List,” 
and published that journal for many years at the corner 
of Dock Street and Bank Alley, Philadelphia. 

Childs was a soldier in the War of 1812, and was long 
interested in the volunteer military organizations of Phil- 
adelphia. He was for a time captain of the Washington 
Grays, and was colonel of one of the militia regiments of 

~ his city. 


CHORLEY, JOHN 

About all that the writer has been able to discover 
about this man is that he was a fairly good line-engraver 
of portraits and book illustrations, and was working in 
Boston as early as 1818. Upon a well-executed Bible 
print the name is signed I. P. Chorley Sc. 

John Chorley, about 1825, married Maria Byron 
Doyle, the daughter of an artist and portrait-painter of 

48 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


considerable reputation and formerly keeper of the 
Columbian Museum, in Boston. 


CHUBB, T.Y. 
About 1860 Chubb was an engraver of portraits in 


mezzotint and in a mixed manner. He worked for the 
book publishers. 


CHUBBUCK, THOMAS 


This man was an engraver of portraits and landscape 
- in hnne and stipple. He was located in Springfield, Mass., 
in 1860. | 


CLARK, A. 

Dunlap says that A. Clark was born at Cooperstown, 
N. Y., and about 1825 he and Ralph Rawdon were 
members of the firm of Rawdon, Clark & Co., general 
engravers of Albany, N. Y. In 1834 Clark was in busi- 
ness in New York City. 


CLARK, JAMES 

In 1840 James Clark was an engraver of bank-notes, 
cards, etc., with an establishment at 67 Broadway, New 
York City. 


CLARKE, THOMAS | 
The name of this engraver in the stipple manner first 
appears in 1797, when he was engraving portraits and 
subject plates for the “American Universal Magazine,” 
of Philadelphia, and illustrations for an edition of “Tele- 
machus” published by David Longworth, of New York. 
49 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


He was apparently in both cities in this year, as he signed 
his plates respectively 7'. Clarke, Sculpt. Philadelphia, 
1797 and engrav’d by Tho’s. Clarke, N. Y. Clarke was 
engraving in New York at least as late as 1800; but 
Dunlap says that he went South about this time, became 
deranged, and then committed suicide. 


CLASSEN, WILLIAM M. 


This name is signed to a few well-engraved line-plates 
of buildings and book illustrations as Wm. M. Classen, 
Eng. No. 1 Murray St. cor. of B. Way. (New York). 
The apparent date of these plates is about 1840—50. On 
one plate seen the name is signed J. M. Classen Sc., 
though the work seems to be the same. 


CLAY, EDWARD W. 


Born in Philadelphia, Pa., in 1792; died in New York, 
Dec. 31, 1857. Clay is said to have been a midshipman 
under Commodore Perry; but he later studied law and 
was admitted to the Philadelphia bar on Nov. 12, 1825. 
He had, however, a decided leaning toward art; he drew 
some of the plates engraved for Childs’ “Views of Phila- 
delphia,”’ and he drew upon stone for the lithographing 
firm of Childs & Inman. Clay was a merciless caricatur- 
ist and some of his lampoons of fellow-citizens are said to 
have caused him much personal inconvenience. In the 
Philadelphia directories of 1835-36 his profession is 
given as “artist.” He engraved several fairly well-exe- 
cuted plates in the stipple manner, the best of these being 
a portrait of the Rev. Joseph Eastburn. His caricatures 
were etched. 

50 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


Clay is said to have studied art in Europe for five 
years. Later in life, his eyesight failing him, he aban- 
doned art and became clerk of the Chancery Court, and 
of the Orphans’ Court, in Delaware. 


CLAY POOLE, JAMES, JR. 


This name as J. Claypoole, Jr. delin. et Sculp' is 
signed to a large and coarsely engraved “Prospective 
View of the Pennsylvania Hospital with the Buildings as 
intended to be erected.” It is advertised in the ‘““Pennsy]- 
vania Gazette” of Oct. 29, 1761, as “just published,” and 
it was to be sold for “1 shilling plain and Two coloured” 
by James Claypoole, on Walnut Street, Philadelphia, 
and also by David Hall,” the latter a printer of that city. 

In a letter to his son, Rembrandt Peale, under date of 
1812, Charles Willson Peale says that James Claypoole, 
Jr., was living in Philadelphia in 1762, and Peale saw 
some of his paintings. He later married a Miss Rench, 
of that city,and after her death he sailed for London with 
the purpose of seeking the patronage of Benjamin West. 
But his vessel was driven out of her course by storms and 
Claypoole finally reached Jamaica, settled on that island, 
and remarried there. Peale further says that James 
Claypoole, Jr., was the son of James Claypoole, a house- 
painter and glazier of Philadelphia, who was in that busi- 
ness there at least as early as 1747; as is shown by a bill 
in possession of the writer, in which he charges for paint- 
ing leather fire-buckets, sash-lights, etc. James Clay- 
poole, Jr., was the uncle of the American painter Mat- 
thew Pratt; and Pratt says that his uncle instructed him 
in “all branches of the painting business.”’ 

51 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


The late Mr. Charles R. Hildeburn suggests that 
Claypoole was probably the engraver of a large plate 
caricaturing the advance of the Paxton boys upon Phila- 
delphia, published in that city in 1764, but unsigned. 
This plate, however, is dedicated to the citizens of Phila- 
delphia by “H. D.,” and it is more probably the work of 
Henry Dawkins. 


CLEMENS, ISAAC 

The “New York Gazette,” Oct. 28, 1776, contains the 
following advertisement: “Isaac Clemens, Engraver 
(who lately arrived with his Majesty’s Fleet from Bos- 
ton, in New England), informs the Gentlemen of the 
Navy and Army, and the Public in general, that he now 
carries on the ENGRAVING BUSINESS, at his 
Shop near the French Church, in King St., New York.” 

This advertisement disappears in a very short time, 
and Mr. Clemens probably went back to Engen as 
nothing more is known about him. 


CLOVER, LEWIS P. 

Born in New York, Feb. 20, 1819; living in 1864. 
Clover studied drawing under William Page and for 
three years he worked in the studio of Asher B. Durand 
as an engraver. He finally adopted painting as a profes- 
sion and followed it successfully for some years. In 1850 
he became a deacon and later a priest in the Protestant 
Episcopal Church, and was rector of a number of 
churches. The University of Kentucky, in 1858, con- 
ferred upon him the degree of D.D. 

52 


OE ee ee ee 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


No engraved work signed by Clover has been seen by 
the compiler, but in 1853 he edited a reprint of Burnet’s 
“Practical Hints on Composition in Painting,” and he is 
said to have made the etchings illustrating this work. 


COBB, G. 


Cobb was a book-plate engraver working about 1800, 
but without indication of place. He was most probably 
an American, as the only plate signed by him is of the 
pictorial type, with an American eagle bearing an oval 
frame once containing a name, now carefully erased; 
there is a scratchy landscape at the base. 


COLLARD, W. 
Was a line-engraver of portraits, working for the mag- 
azines about 1840—45. 


CONE, JOSEPH 

Cone was a clever engraver in both stipple and in line, 
and he was chiefly engaged upon portrait work. He is 
said to have been a brother of the Rev. Spencer H. Cone, 
who came from New Jersey to Philadelphia, in 1802, 
to accept a position as a teacher in Dr. Abercrombie’s 
Academy. Joseph Cone possibly came with him to study 
engraving. In any event, Joseph Cone was engraving 
over his own name in Philadelphia in 1814-19, inclusive. 
In the period 1820—24 he was engraving prints and pub- 
lishing them in Baltimore, Md. He also worked for Bos- 
ton publishers, and in 1829-30 his name reappears in the 
Philadelphia directories as an “engraver.” 

58 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


CONN, JAMES 


James Conn, writing-master at Elizabethtown, N. J., 
advertises, in 1771, his intention to teach writing, arith- 
metic, mathematics, geography, etc., and adds to his 
notice the following: | 

“Furthermore, the said Conn at leisure Hours, en- 
graves Shop Bills, Bills of Parcels, Bills of Exchange, 
or any Kind of Writing for the Rolling-Press, in the neat- 
est Manner.” , 


CONNY,JOHN 


John Conny, or Cony—for the name is spelled both 
ways—was a prominent gold- and silver-smith, of Bos- 
ton, at least as early as 1700. On Oct. 21, 1700, we find 
John Chester, of Wethersfield, Conn., writing to him, 
directing him to make a silver service and a silver tank- 
ard, and to mark them with his arms and a cipher. Sil- 
ver-plate made by him is still preserved. 

The MSS. Archives of Massachusetts, under date of 
March 12, 17702—08, note the indebtedness of the Colony 
“To John Conny for graving 3 plates for Bills of Credit, 
£30.00.0.”’ And on Nov. 26, 1706, the same records show 
that, to prevent counterfeiting, the plate for the bills was 
to be provided with “Eight blazons and put on by the 
engraver.” ‘This Massachusetts currency of 1702 in- 
cluded little more than the engraved script and the seal 
of the Colony; and the earlier bills of 1690 approach it 
so closely in general design and excution, especially in 
the character of the decoration at the top of the note, that 
there is a strong possibility that both plates were made 
by the same man. If this assumption were correct, John 

54 


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paid 
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‘ENGRAVED BY ; fo 
HENRY DAWKINS | 
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Ue andet Cettles of all Sz SeaSer at, Cu e be Pvt, 
aucsfrans, YD olev, Ve hoe = ae Poli, rafsTk cltles 

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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


Conny would be the first American engraver upon cop- 
per of record. 


COOK, T. B. 
In 1809-16 T. B. Cook was engraving portraits in 


stipple for Wm. Durell and other book publishers of 
New York. 


COOKE, GEORGE 


It is difficult to locate the engraver of this name; or to 
decide whether some of the plates so signed were exe- 
cuted in England or in the United States. In 1812 a 
George Cooke engraved American and Canadian land- 
scape plates which were published in London. About 
1816-18 work very similar in style was published in the 
“Port Folio,” of Philadelphia; these latter landscape 
plates were engraved from drawings made by Alexander 
Wilson, J. J. Barralet, George I. Isham, and other 
American artists. It would thus appear that the George 
Cooke of 1812. was in Philadelphia in 1816-18. 

The prolific English engraver of portraits in outline, 
George Cooke, was working in London in 1812-16; but 
his style of work is very unlike that of the landscape 
plates referred to. 

The American artist and portrait-painter, George 
Cooke, was born in St. Mary Co., Md., March 11, 1793. 
He studied art in Europe in 1826-30, and established 
himself in New York on his return to this country. It is 
not known that this man ever attempted to engrave; and 
the plates signed by George Cooke as engraver are too 
well done to be ascribed to any prentice hand. 

55 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


COOKE, JOSEPH 

In the “Pennsylvania Gazette,” Philadelphia, May 7, 
1789, Joseph Cooke advertises himself as goldsmith, jew- 
eler and hair-worker. He closes by announcing, “Church, 
State or County Seals, Coats of Arms, &c. and all man- 
ner of Engraving on steel, silver, gold or metal, executed 
in the best manner and at the lowest prices.” 


COPLEY, JOHN SINGLETON 

Born in Boston, Mass., July 3, 1737; died in London, 
Sept. 9, 1815. This famous American portrait-painter 
was the stepson of the English portrait-painter and mez- 
zotint engraver Peter Pelham, who died in Boston in 
1751. On May 22, 1748, his first wife having died, Pel- 
ham married Mary Singleton Copley, the widow of Rich- 
ard Copley and the mother of the subject of this sketch. 

John Singleton Copley doubtless received instructions 
from his stepfather in both portrait-painting and in en- 
graving. As evidence of the latter statement there exists 
a small but creditably executed mezzotint plate of the — 
Rev. Mr. William Welsteed, of Boston, in New Eng- 
land. 'This plate is signed J. S. Copley pinat. et fecit. 
William Welsteed died in 1753, and this plate was prob- 
ably engraved about this date. 


CORAM, T. 

The signature T'. Coram Sc. is signed to a plate cover- 
ing the entire back of a $70 bill of the State of South 
Carolina, dated Feb. 8, 1779. The design is well drawn 
and represents “Prometheus Bound,” but the engraving 


is poorly executed in line. 
56 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


Coram was living in Charleston, S. C., in 1802, as his 
name, 7". Coram del, Charleston, is signed to an engrav- 
ing of the arms of South Carolina used in the title of the 
map of that State accompanying John Drayton’s “His- 
tory of South Carolina.” 


CROSS, A. B. 


This engraver of landscape was a pupil of A. L. Dick 
in 1840. He is said to have abandoned engraving early 
in his life for some other business. 


CROSS, P. F. 

Born in Sheffield, England; died in Philadelphia in 
1856. Cross was a die-sinker and served in that capacity 
in the Mint of England before he came to Philadel- 
phia, about 1845, and became an assistant to James B. 
Longacre, chief engraver of the U. S. mint. Cross 
engraved the obverse of the Ingraham medal, among 
other work. 


CUSHMAN, GEORGE H. 

Born at Windham, Conn., June 5, 1814; died in 
Jersey City, N. J., Aug. 3, 1876. Cushman was a pupil 
of Asaph Willard, the Hartford engraver, and he be- 
came an admirable line-engraver of landscape and book 
illustrations. But he was chiefly known as a miniature 
painter of high rank, though he did not do much work 
professionally. He was also a fine water-colorist in 
every department, these water-colors, like his minia- 
tures, being remarkable for purity and simplicity of 
character. 


57 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


CUSHMAN, THOMAS H. 
This clever engraver in line was working in New York 


in 1840; but only two of his plates, a portrait of Jesse 


Buel and a view of Lake George, have been found by the 
compiler. He may have later engaged in bank-note work. 


DAGGETT, ALFRED 

This reputable line-engraver of portraits and bank- 
note vignettes was the uncle and the first preceptor of 
the American artist J. F. Kensett. Daggett was engray- 
ing in New Haven, Conn., in 1835, and he was a member 
of the engraving firms of Daggett & Ely and Daggett, 
Hinman & Co. The work signed by these firm names, 
however, is usually excuted in stipple. 


DAINTY, S. 

This man was engraving landscape in a mixed man- 
ner, about 1840, in Philadelphia. John Dainty was a 
copperplate printer in Philadelphia, working as early as 
1817, and this S. Dainty may have been his son. 


DANBY, J. 


“Poulson’s Advertiser,” Philadelphia, May 29, 1822, — 


contains the advertisement of “J. Danby, Engraver in 
General, from London.” ‘This notice says that he en- 
graves on “Gold, Silver, Copper, Brass, Wood, &c. in a 
superiormanner’ ; but no signed work by Danby is known 
to the compiler. 


DANFORTH, MOSELY ISAAC 
Born in Hartford, Conn., Dec. 7, 1800; died in New 
York, Jan. 19, 1862. In 1818 Danforth was an appren- 
58 


2 -* 
> ae me , ‘aS + of 6h Lh UP ee a 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


tice to Asaph Willard, of The Graphic Company, of 
Hartford, and he became a meritorious line-engraver of 
portraits and bank-note vignettes. He established him- 
self in business in New Haven in 1821, but soon after re- 
moved to New York. Danforth was one of the founders 
of the Drawing Association of 1825, and of the National 
Academy of Design in 1826. 

Danforth went to London in 1827 and remained there 
about ten years, and some of his largest and best plates 
were engraved in that city. Uponhis return to New York 
he became interested in bank-note engraving as a busi- 
ness. He was a member of the firm of Danforth, Under- 
wood & Co. about 1850; about 1858 this firm was merged 
into the American Bank Note Co., and he was vice-presi- 
dent of the latter company at the time of his death. 

Mr. Danforth went abroad in 1827 to study art at the 
Royal Academy in London; but he was chiefly successful 
as a painter in water-colors; some of his sketches were 
very popular and brought high prices. 


DARBY, J.G. 


This name, as engraver, is signed to a view of Niagara 
Falls and to a map of the region about the Falls, both 
published in Buffalo, N. Y., in 1838. 


DARLEY, FELIX OCTAVIUS CARR 
Born in Philadelphia, June 23, 1822; died at Clay- 
mont, Del., March 27, 1888. He was the son of John 
Darley, an actor of reputation who first appeared on the 
American stage in Philadelphia in 1794, and died in that 
city in 1858. F. O. C. Darley was placed in a mercantile 
59 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


house at the age of fourteen; but he devoted his leisure 
time to drawing. Some of his sketches finally attracted 
attention, and he commenced his career as a popular and 
prolific American illustrator. 

Darley etched several series of his designs in outline; 
notably those illustrating scenes from the works of Irving 
and Cooper. These plates were published by the Amer- 
ican Art Union about 1856. 


DAVIES, CHARLES WILLIAM 


Born at Whitesboro, N. Y., June 21, 1854; living in 
1901. Davies learned to engrave upon copper and steel 
in Utica, N. Y.; was in partnership with his preceptor 
for two years, and then went into business for himself in 
Syracuse, N. Y. He was burned out after a short time; 
and after working at his business in various places, in 
1881 he established himself in Minneapolis, Minn., as the 
pioneer engraver of that city. No signed work of this en- 
graver is known to the writer. 


DAWES, H. M. 

H. M. Dawes was a book-plate engraver, and was 
probably a member of the Massachusetts family of that 
name. He engraved a book-plate for Rev. Wm. Emer- 
son (1769-1811), the father of Ralph Waldo Emerson. 
Dawes must thus have been working prior to 1811. 


DAWKINS, HENRY 
Henry Dawkins was one of the earlier engravers in 
the American Colonies, and in a document of record he 
describes himself as an “engraver and silversmith.” He 
60 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


was located in New York as early as 1754, when he en- 
graved a book-plate for John Burnet, an attorney of that 
city; and in 1755 Dawkins advertises in the “New York 
Mercury” that he had Jeft Anthony Lamb, with whom 
he had lately lived, and “has now set up his business op- 
posite the Merchants Coffee House in New York, where 
he engraves in all sorts of metal.” Dawkins then seems 
to have gone to Philadelphia, as he was working with 
James Turner in that city in 1758, and in 1761 he en- 
graved the title-page and music for “Urania,” a music- 
book published by James Lyon, A. B., in Philadelphia. 
He remained in Philadelphia until 1774, when he re- 
turned to New York. 

According to the “American Archives,” edited by 
Peter Force, Dawkins was arrested in May, 1776, some- 
where in the vicinity of New York, and was charged with 
engraving, printing and issuing counterfeit Continental, 
Connecticut and Massachusetts paper money. He was 
put into prison and in the trial ensuing he confessed that 
he engraved the plates, but he implicated the Tory “Riv- 
ington, the printer,” in the enterprise. It appeared from 
the evidence that Dawkins had been previously impris- 
oned in New York for a similar crime. On Oct. 19,1776, 
he was still in jail; and on that date he petitioned the 
Provincial Congress of New York for “the termination 
of his sorrows by death, inflicted in what manner the 
Honourable House may see fit.’’ This is the last heard 
_of Dawkins and his ultimate fate is uncertain. 

As an engraver Dawkins was chiefly occupied in the 
production of book-plates, bill-heads, map ornamenta- 
tion, etc. This work is executed in line and is fairly good. 

61 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


His large plate of Nassau Hall, at Princeton, is probably 
his best work; and his one known portrait plate is that of 
Benjamin Lay, an eccentric Quaker of Philadelphia. 
The latter plate is atrociously drawn and poorly engraved. 

Thomas Westcott, in his “History of Philadelphia,” 
assigns to Dawkins the engraving of several large and 
unsigned plates caricaturing events in the political his- 
tory of Philadelphia in 1764. Westcott gives no author- 
ity for his statement; but Dawkins was located in Phila- 
delphia at that time, and the work is poor enough, and it 
is possible that he engraved them. | 

The following advertisement from the “Pennsylvania 
Journal,” July 19, 1758, is interesting as throwing some 
light on the range of Dawkins’ work as an engraver: 

“Henry Dawkins. Engraver from London. Who 
lately wrought with Mr. James Turner; having now, en- 
tered into business for himself, next door to the sign of 
Admiral Boscawen’s head; in Arch-Street; where he en- 
graves all sorts of maps, Shop-keepers bills, bills of par- 
cels, coats of arms for gentlemen’s books, coats of arms, 
cyphers and other devices on Plate; likewise seals and 
mourning rings cut after the neatest manner and at the 
most reasonable rates. 

N. B. Those Gentlemen who please to favor me with 
their custom may leben upon having their work done 
neatly and with dispatch.’ 


DEARBORN, NATHANIEL 
Born in New England, 1786; died in South Reading, 
Mass., Nov. 7, 1852. Nathaniel was the son of Benjamin 
Dearborn, a man of some scientific attainments. At an 
62 


— 


JOHN HANCOCK — 
ENGRAVED BY sts 
PAUL REVERE 


tere 


V Engraved for Roy?American Magazine VolI 


ie) 
a 


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‘JOHN HANCOCK 


] 


b 


me 


The Ho 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


early age he was apprenticed to Abel Bowen, in Boston, 
to learn wood-engraving; and in 1814 Dearborn was in 
business for himself as an engraver on wood, with an of- 
fice on School Street, Boston. He also engraved upon 
copper, in the stipple manner, a few portraits and views, 
of little merit. 

In the “Daily Columbian Centinel,” Boston, Dec. 15, 
1880, Dearborn advertises that he teaches the flute, “‘after 
his new and original system’’; but he adds to the foot of 
this notice, “Engravings on Wood, Brass and Copper, and 
Perspective Drawings for Patents, as usual.” In April, 
1881, in the same paper, he announces “that orders for 
printing from Copper-plates will be faithfully attended 
to at No. 6 State-street,”’ where he had installed “a beau- 
tiful new improved Press, with metallic cylinders.” 

Dearborn also published several books: among them 
“The American Text-Book for making Letters”; “Bos- 
ton Notions” (1848); “Reminiscences of Boston and a 
Guide through the City and its Environs” (1851) ; and a 
“Guide through Mount Auburn.” 


DEELEY, C. 

All that is known to the writer of this man is that he 
engraved in line a fairly well-executed plate showing 
“The New Hampshire Granite Ledge, at Concord, N. 
H.” The plate is signed C. Deeley Sc. Boston. The ap- 
parent date is about 1835—40. 


DELANEY, J. E. 
This man was a line-engraver of portraits and land- 


scape, working for the magazines about 1850. 
63 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


DELLEKER, GEORGE 

With the profession of “engraver” appended, this 
name appears in the Philadelphia directories for 1817 
—24, inclusive. He was possibly engraving in that city 
earlier than the first-named date, as we find portraits of 
naval heroes of the War of 1812 executed by him, and 
evidently intended for popular distribution. He was later 
associated with the engraver G. H. Young, under the 
firm name of Delleker & Young, in the general engrav- 
ing business in Philadelphia. 


DELNOCH, LUIGI 

Born in Italy; died in New York about 1888. Delnoce 
was an admirable engraver of book illustrations, appear- 
ing in New York publications of 1855-60; but he was 
chiefly engaged in bank-note work. 


DEWING, FRANCIS 


A Boston newspaper heralds the arrival of this early 
American engraver in New England as follows: “Bos- 
ton, July 30th, 1716. Lately arrived from London, 
Francis Dewing, who Engraveth and Printeth Copper 
Plates. Likewise Coats of Arms and Cyphers on Silver 
Plate. He likewise Cuts neatly in wood and Printeth 
Callicoes.” 

The latter accomplishment probably refers to the hand 
printing of calicoes from wood blocks, a method still in 
use a century ago. In 1722, Dewing engraved and 
printed a large map of “The Town of Boston in New 
England, By John Bonner, 1722, Aetatis Suae 60.” The 
plate is signed as Engraven and Printed by Fra. Dewing 

64 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


Boston N. E. 1722. Sold by Capt. John Bonner and 
Will'm Price against ye Town House where may be had 
all sorts of Prints, Mapps etc. This map is fairly well 
engraved for a plate of the kind and period: it was re- 
published with alterations in 1739, 1743 and 1769 and 
was reéngraved in facsimile in 1835, by George Girdler 
Smith, a Boston engraver. No original impression of 
Dewing’s plate has been seen by the writer. 


DICK, ALEXANDER L. 


Born in Scotland about 1805. Dick was a pupil of, 
Robert Scott, areputable engraver of Edinburgh; hecame 
to the United States in 1833 and in time he established 
an extensive engraving business in New York City. 
While Dick doubtless did some engraving himself, he 
was the employer of many engravers; and as all plates 
issuing from his place bore his name, it is piscaceilye im- 
possible to identify his individual work. 

A. L. Dick was the father of James T. Dick, the 
American artist, born in New York in 18384, and who 
died in Brooklyn, Jan. 19, 1868. 


DODSON, RICHARD W. 

Born at Cambridge, Md., Feb. 5, 1812; died at Cape 
May, N. J., July 23, 1867. Dodson was an excellent line- 
engraver of portraits and book illustrations. He was a 
pupil of the Philadelphia engraver James B. Longacre, 
and he made some of the best portraits in the National 
Portrait Gallery, published by Longacre & Herring. 
Dodson is said to have abandoned engraving for another 
business in 1845. 

65 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
DONEY, T. 


This capital engraver of portraits in mezzotint came 
to Canada from France; and after working for some 
time in [llinois and Ohio, he established himself in busi- 
ness in New York about 1845. Doney engraved a num- 
ber of meritorious portrait plates for the “Democratic 
Review” and other New York and ee ae peri- 
odicals. 


DOOLITTLE, AMOS 


Born in Cheshire, Conn., in 1754; died at New Haven, 
Conn., Jan. 31, 1832. Originally an apprentice to a silver- 
smith, Doolittle early learned to engrave upon metal. In 
1775 he joined the Revolutionary army at Cambridge 
and served through that campaign. His artist friend 
Ralph Earle made some rather curious drawings of 
the engagement at Lexington and Concord; and these 
Doolittle engraved on copper and published in New 
Haven in 1775. They are very roughly engraved, but 
interesting historically and highly prized. Barber, in 
his “History and Antiquities of New Haven,” gives a 
copy of the original advertisement of these plates, as 
follows: 

“This day published, and to be sold at the store of 
James Lockwood, near the College, in New Haven, 
four different views of the Battle of Lexington, Con- 
cord, etc., on the 19th of April, 1775. 

“Plate I. The Battle of Lexington. 

“Plate II. A view of the town of Concord, with the 

Ministerial troops destroying the stores. 

“Plate III. The Battle of North Bridge, in Concord. 

66 


ee aes ets 
my r £ 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


“Plate LV. The South part of Lexington, where the 
first detachments were joined by Lord 
Percy. 

“The above plates are neatly engraved on copper from 
original paintings taken on the spot. Price, six shillings 
per set for the plain ones; or eight shillings coloured. 

“December 13th, 1775.” 

Doolittle engraved a considerable number of portraits, 
views, Bible illustrations, book-plates, etc., all executed 
in line, and including a small view of the Battle of Lex- 
ington done very late in his life in connection with Mr. 
Barber. His work, at the best, possesses little other than 
historical interest. 

Mr. Barber credits Doolittle with engraving the first 
historical plates donein America. Mr. Barber overlooked 
Paul Revere’s plate of the Boston Massacre, published in 
1770; and Romans’ “Exact View of the Late Battle at 
Charleston” was published in Philadelphia in Septem- 
ber, 1775, or about three months before the appearance 
of Doolittle’s views of Lexington and Concord. | 


DOOLITTLE, SAMUEL 

A “Goodwin” book-plate, signed S. D. Sct. 1804, 1s 
assigned to this name in the descriptive catalogue of the 
late exhibition of early American engravings held under 
the auspices of the Museum of Fine Arts, in Boston. 


DOOLITTLE & MUNSON 

This firm was engraving portraits, bank-notes, etc., in 
1842, in Cincinnati, O. The second member of this firm 
may have been S. B. Munson, living earlier in New 


67 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


Haven. Some good line work of about this period, signed 
A. Doolittle Sc., may be the work of the first member of 
this firm. The work referred to is too well done to have 
been engraved by Amos Doolittle, of New Haven, and 
this latter Amos died in 1882. 

A view of the engraving establishment of Doolittle & 
Munson is to be found in a work entitled “Cincinnati in 
1842,” published in that city. The sign shown calls them 
bank-note engravers. 


DORSEY, JOHN SYNG 

Born in Philadelphia, Dec. 23, 1783; died there Nov. 
12, 1818. This eminent American surgeon published, in 
1813, his “Elements of Surgery,” “with plates by John 
Syng Dorsey, M.D.” These plates are etched and some- 
times finished in stipple; they are excellently done. Dr. 
Dorsey also etched several good book-plates. 


DOTY & JONES | 
This firm, about 1880, was engraving portraits in 
stipple. 


DOUGAL, W. H. | 

Born in New Haven, Conn., about 1808; was living in 
Washington, D. C., in 1853. Mr. Alfred Jones says that 
his name was originally Macdougal,and he was so known 
for a time; but for some reason he later dropped the 
“Mac.” He was a good engraver of landscape and por- 
traits, the latter being executed in a mixed manner. In 
1853 he was in the employ of the U.S. Treasury Depart- 
ment at Washington, D. C. 

68 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


DRAPER, JOHN 

The directories of Philadelphia contain the name of 
“John Draper, engraver,” continuously from 1801 to 
1845. Dunlap says that Draper was an apprentice with 
Robert Scot, of Philadelphia, and was living in 1833. 
Draper was engraving for Dobson’s edition of Rees’ En- 
cyclopedia in 1794—1803; and in 1810 he was a member 
of the bank-note engraving firm of Murray, Draper, 
Fairman & Co. On the death of George Murray in 1823 
this firm became Fairman, Draper, Underwood & Co. 
and was in existence in 1829. In 1835 the firm of Draper, 
Underwood, Bald & Spencer was engraving bank- 
notes in Philadelphia and New York; and in 1838, 
Draper, Tappan, Longacre & Co. had similar estab- 
lishments in these cities. That there was a younger 
Draper, is shown by the existence, as late as 1860, of the 
bank-note engraving firms of Draper & Co. and Draper, 
Welsh & Co., both working in Philadelphia. Aside 
from the encyclopedia work referred to, no plates 
have been found signed by John Draper alone as en- 
graver. 


DRAYTON, J. 

Drayton was an engraver of landscape in aquatint and 
an expert print colorist. At least as early as 1820 he was 
working in Philadelphia. He was later employed for 
some years as a draftsman in one of the Government de- 
partments in Washington. Drayton engraved a few 
book illustrations in line. 

J. Drayton was the father of Henri Drayton, an oper- 
atic singer of some reputation. ! 

69 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
DRESHER, A. 


Dresher was a landscape engraver of little merit, work- 
ing in New York about 1860. 


DUDENSING, R. 

This good engraver of portraits and landscape, in stip- 
ple and in line, came to the United States from Germany 
about 1857. About 1880 he established a book publish- 
ing house in New York, which is still in existence. He 
died in 1899 during a visit to the old home in Germany. 


DUFFIELD, EDWARD 

Edward Duffield was a clock- and watch-maker of 
Philadelphia, and he was also a die-sinker and engraver 
of medals. He engraved the silver medal presented to 
Col. John Armstrong, in 1756, as a memorial of the de- 
struction of the Indian village of Kittanning by Arm- 
strong; and he made the dies for the medals prepared in 
1762 for distribution among the Indians by The Friendly 
Association for the Preservation of Peace among the In- 
dians. The dies for this latter medal cost £15; they were 
cut upon punches fixed in a socket, and the impression 
was made by the stroke of a sledge-hammer. 


DUNLAP, WILLIAM 

Born in Perth Amboy, N. J., in 1766; died in New 
York City, Sept. 28, 1839. Dunlap, in 1784, studied art 
with Benjamin West in London; on his return to the 
United States he became interested in the drama, wrote 
several plays and was for a time manager of the Park 


70 


ane’ 


REV. THOMAS HISCO 
ENGRAVED BY _ 
SAMUEL OKE 
177s 


She Kite? dM, © 
late Psteryf: the Bu plist v7 ho ae nWeste ‘takenfroman mal 
Proturéey PIacreted C. ae, <Foke. Che. i hrpteiman *g 


Te echo by Keak kelkey Tren tuellers &Siateonens on A xbliride Nap oath eS 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


Theater, in New York. He later resumed painting and 
was the author of a number of works on history and the 
drama. 

In his “History of the Rise and Progress of the Art of 
Design in the United States,” Dunlap says that he was 
taught the theory and practice of engraving by Peter R. 
Maverick in New York. He further tells us that in Mav- 
erick’s shop he engraved a frontispiece for ‘‘a dramatic 
trifle’ published in New York in 1787 or 1788. This note 
possibly refers to an octavo stipple portrait of the actor 
Wignell, the only known example of which is in the print 
collection of the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston. This 
print is very cleverly done, and is inscribed Mr. Wig nell 
| in the character of Darby. | Wm. Dunlap del. et fec’. | 


DUNNKEL, E. G. | 

E. G. Dunnel was a student in the National Academy 
of Design, in New York, in 1887; and in that year he 
secured the third prize for drawing. He became a good 
engraver of landscape and book illustrations; and in 
1847 he was in the employ of Rawdon, Wright & Hatch, 
an engraving firm of New York. Soon after this 
latter date he is said to have abandoned engraving for 
the pulpit. 


DUNNEL, WILLIAM N. 


This clever engraver in line and stipple was one of the 
many pupils of A. L. Dick, of New York. Dunnel was 
engraving for the magazines about 1845; but he con- 
tracted bad habits and disappeared. 

71 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS. 


DURAND, ASHER BROWN 

Born in Jefferson, N. J., Aug. 21, 1796; died in South 
Orange, N. J., Sept. 17, 1886. Durand’s father was a 
watchmaker and in his father’s shop he acquired some 
knowledge of the elementary processes of engraving. In 
1812 he was apprenticed to the engraver Peter Maverick, 
and in 1817 he became a partner of his preceptor, under 
the firm name of Maverick & Durand. The reputation of 
Asher B. Durand as an engraver in pure line was estab- 
lished by his large plate of the “Declaration of Indepen- 
dence,” after the painting by John ‘Trumbull. His “Mu- 
sidora,” engraved in 1825, was also one of his important 
plates of this period; and his portrait work has never 
been surpassed in excellence by an American engraver. 
For a time he was interested in the business of bank-note 
engraving; in 1825, in connection with his brother Cyrus 
Durand, and in the same year he was a member of the 
firm of Durand, Perkins & Co. 

About 1836, A. B. Durand abandoned engraving for 
the brush and palette, and he soon became as famous as a 
painter of landscape as he had been as an engraver; and 
to this branch of art he devoted the remainder of his life. 

In 1895 the Grolier Club, of New York, published a 
very full check-list of the engraved work of Asher B. 
Durand. 


DURAND, CYRUS 

Born in Jefferson, N. J., Feb. 27, 1787; died at Ir- 
vington, N. J., Sept. 18, 1868; he was the elder brother 
of Asher B. Durand. In 1814 Cyrus Durand was in 
business as a silversmith in Newark, N. J. But he was a 


12 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


most ingenious mechanic, and among his earlier inven- 
tions was a machine constructed for Peter Maverick, then 
of Newark, for ruling straight and wavy lines in connec- 
tion with bank-note work. ‘This was the first of a long 
series of improvements and inventions intended for use in 
the production of bank-notes; and Cyrus Durand is cred- 
ited with having made the first American geometrical 
lathe. 

Though not an engraver himself, Cyrus Durand de- 
voted his life to the invention and perfection of machinery 
used in bank-note work; and his services were so impor- 
tant in this connection that his name can not be omitted 
from the present record. | 


DURAND, JOHN 


Two well-engraved vignettes on the title-pages of the 
works of William Cowper and 'Thomas Gray, published 
in New York by R. & W. A. Bartow, but undated, are 
signed Engraved by J. Durand. 

In answer to a query, Mr. John Durand, of Nice, 
Italy, and son of Asher B. Durand, writes that these 
vignettes were engraved by John Durand, a younger 
brother of A. B. Durand, who died about 1820, aged 
twenty-eight years. Mr. Durand says that his father 
always maintained that his brother John was the 
most talented member of the family at the time of 
his death. 


DURAND, THEODORE 
Durand was a script engraver, working in New York 
in 1835. 
73 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
DURAND, WILLIAM 


This nephew of A. B. Durand was a man of very con- 
siderable mechanical ability. He was engraving for 
bank-note companies in New York in 1850. 


DUTHIE, JAMES 


Born in England and was there taught to engrave. 
Duthie was engraving book illustrations on steel in New 
York in 1850-55. Some of his best line work appears in 
the illustrations in an edition of Cooper’s works, pub- 
lished in New York in 1860. 


EARLE, J. 


All that is known of this man is that he was engraving 
portraits in Philadelphia in 1876, in connection with 
James R. Rice. 


ECKSTEIN, JOHN 


John Eckstein was a portrait-painter, a modeler in 
clay, and an engraver of portraits executed in a somewhat 
curious stipple manner. In the proposals for publishing 
his engraving of a “Representation of a Monument of 
General Washington” (“Poulson’s Advertiser,” Phila- 
delphia, Feb. 19, 1806), he is referred to as “Formerly 
historical painter and statuary to the King of Prussia.” 
His name appears in the Philadelphia directories of 
1796-97 as “limner and statuary,” and again in 1805 
—06; from 1811 to 1816 his occupation is given as “en- 
graver,’ and at intervals in this period he appears as “a 
merchant.” He was painting and engraving as late as 
1822. 


74 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES | 


Eckstein’s few portrait plates are inscribed as “Painted 
and Engraved by John Eckstein’; and they are executed 
in a combination of stipple and roulette work, hard in 
effect. In 1806 he modeled a statue of Washington fora 
proposed monument; and in the same year he issued pro- 
posals for, and engraved for the Society of the Cincin- 
natus, the plate noted above. In 1809 he engraved illus- 
trations for an edition of Freneau’s poems, published by 
Lydia R. Bailey, of Philadelphia. 

This engraver, though a German, should not be con- 
founded with Johannes Eckstein, a German portrait- 
painter and excellent engraver in mezzotint, who died in 
London in 1798. 


EDDY, ISAAC 


Several exceedingly crude line-engravings of Bible 
subjects are signed Isaac Eddy, Sculp’t W eathersfield, 
Vt. These plates were published by Merifield & Coch- 
ran, of Windsor, in 1812, for the “First Vermont Edi- 
tion” of a Bible. 


EDDY, JAMES 

"This reputable engraver of portraits in stipple was 
working in both Boston and New York in 1827. He 
seems to have established himself in New York about 
this time, as he was employed by book publishers of 
that city for some years thereafter. Eddy was engrav- 
ing portraits on steel in 1830, and some of these steel 
plates are signed as Engraved at Pendleton’s, indica- 
ting that he was then in the employ of this Boston pub- 
lisher. | 

75 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


EDWARDS, S. ARENT 

Born in 1862 in Somersetshire, England; living in 
New York in 1906. Mr. Edwards was a student at the 
Kensington Art School in 1877—81, and was then taught 
to engrave in mezzotint by Appleton, Josey & Alais, of 
London. He first exhibited examples of his engraving in 
the Royal Academy in 1885. 

In 1890 Mr. Edwards came to the United States and 
established himself in New York; and made book illus- 
trations, portraits, and subject plates. He has very suc- 
cessfully revived the art of printing in colors from mezzo- 
tint plates, and has deservedly achieved a reputation. 
His color plates are issued absolutely without “retouch,” 
or without touching up with water-colors, as is too usual 
in prints of this description. 


EDWIN, DAVID 


Born in Bath, England, December, 1776; died in Phil- 
adelphia, Feb. 22, 1841. David Edwin was the son of 
John Edwin, an English comedian of some fame, and 
Mrs. Walmsley, a milliner of Bath. He was apprenticed. 
to C. Jossi, a Dutch engraver then working in London, 
and he accompanied his master to Holland in 1796. Dis- 
agreeing with Jossi, Edwin left him, shipped as a sailor 
on board a vessel bound for Philadelphia, and landed in 
that city in December, 1797. 

In Philadelphia Edwin found employment with the 
book publisher T. B. Freeman; and he was then for a 
time in the employ of Kdward Savage. The first engrav- 
ing made by Edwin in this country is said to have been 

76 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


the frontispiece to a selection of Scottish airs collected by 
Benjamin Carr. 

But Edwin’s marked ability as an engraver of por- 
traits in the stipple manner soon gained him abundant 
independent employment, and he became the most popu- 
lar and prolific engraver of portraits in the United 
States. | 

In 1830 impaired health and failing sight compelled 
Edwin to abandon engraving. He was then employed for 
several years as a clerk in the auction rooms of his old 
friend Mr. 'T. B. Freeman; he was next assistant treas- 
urer at the Chestnut Street Theater, and later opened a 
small grocery store. In 1835 he was made treasurer of 
the newly organized Artists’ Fund Society, of Philadel- 
phia; and having fallen heir to a small legacy about the 
same time, he was enabled to pass his remaining years in 
comfort. 

The first check-list of the engraved work of David Kd- 
win was compiled by the late Charles R. Hildeburn, and 
published in the “Pennsylvania Magazine of History 
and Biography,” in April, 1894. In 1905, Mr. Mantle 
Fielding, of Philadelphia, privately printed a “Cata- 
logue of the Engraved Work of David Edwin,” which is 
the most complete list yet issued, including a number of 
plates and states not described by Mr. Hildebrand. 


ELLIS, EDWIN M. 

This engraver of portraits and landscape, working 
both in stipple and in line, was in business in Philadel- 
phia in 1844. 

77 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


ELLIS, GEORGE B. 


In 1821 Ellis was a pupil of the Philadelphia engraver — 
Francis Kearny; and in 1825-87, inclusive, he was in 
business for himself in the same city. His name disap- 
pears from the Philadelphia directories in 1888. 

George B. Ellis first attracted attention as an en- 
graver by his excellent copies of English engravings, 
made by him for an edition of Ivanhoe. He produced 
some very good portraits; but his best work is found 
among his small Annual plates. 


ELLIS, W. H. 


W. H. Ellis was a good line-engraver of landscape 
and book illustrations. His work appears in Philadelphia 
publications of 1845-47. 


ELY, A. 

Ely engraved the script title-page, the music, and a 
curious “musical” vignette for “The Songster’s Assist- 
ant, etc., By T. Swan, Suffield, Conn. Printed by Swan 
and Ely.” The work is undated, but seemingly belongs 
to the first decade of the last century. ‘The only copy 
known is in the Watkinson Library, of Hartford, Conn. ; 
and for this item the compiler is indebted to the courtesy 
of Mr. A.C. Bates, of the Connecticut Historical Society. 


EMMES, THOMAS 


The earliest known attempt of a portrait engraved 
upon copper by an American engraver, is the work of 
Thomas Emmes, of Boston. This is a portrait of the 
Rev. Increase Mather, and appears as a frontispiece to 


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“The Blessed Hope, etc.,’ published in Boston, New 
England, in 1701 by Timothy Green for Nicholas Boone. 
The plate itself is a very rough attempt at a copy of a 
London portrait engraved either by Sturt or by Robert 
White, and is little more than scratched upon the copper 
in nearly straight lines; it has a strongly cross-hatched 
background. The plate is signed Tho*. Emmes. Sculp. 
Sold by Nicholas Boone 1701. 

In the Boston Public Library there are two copies of a 
work entitled “Ichabod, or, A Discourse showing what 
Cause there is to Fear that the Glory of the Lord, is de- 
parting from New-England,” published in Boston in 
1702. Each copy contains the Emmes portrait of Dr. 
Mather. But one plate, dated in 1701,has no background 
at all; and the other, published in 1702, shows the back- 
ground; in other words, there are two states of the orig- 
inal plate of 1701, one with and the other without a back- 
ground. That a seemingly earlier impression of a plate 
should appear in a later imprint can only be explained by 
assuming that the plate without a background was en- 
graved for “The Blessed Hope” and a number of im- 
pressions were struck off; but, believing that a back- 
ground would improve the print, one was put in and 
these later impressions were used, as stated, in 1701. 
Then, when the “Ichabod” was printed in 1702, some of 
these rejected first impressions were used in that book. 

Quoting Savage’s “Genealogical Dictionary,” Dr. 
Samuel A. Green, of the Massachusetts Historical So- 
ciety, suggests that the engraver Thomas EKmmes was 
possibly the eldest child of Thomas and Mary (Paddle- 
ford) Eames, of Cambridge, who was baptized July 12, 

79 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


f 
1663. But Mr. Wilberforce Eames, of the New York 
Public Library, says that this could not be, as the Thomas 
Eames referred to by Dr. Green was killed by Indians in 
1675. - 


ENGELMANN, C.F. 

An elaborate, curiously designed, and crudely engraved 
Birth and Baptismal Certificate, published about 1814, 
is signed E'ng’d and sold by C. F. Engelmann on Penns- 
mount near Reading (Pennsylvania). The design fol- 
lows closely similar work emanating from the community 
of Seventh Day Baptists, at Ephrata, Lancaster Co., 
Pa., which is in the vicinity of Reading. 


ENTZING-MILLER, T. M. 


This man was a designer for engravers, and an en- 
graver of portraits in line. He did good work and was 
located in Philadelphia and in New York in 1850-55. 


EXILIOUS, JOHN G. 


This reputable line-engraver of landscape and build- 
ings was working in Philadelphia in 1810-14. He was, 
in 1810, one of the founders of the Society of Artists, in 
Philadelphia, but nothing more is known about him. His 
largest and best plate is a view of the Pennsylvania hos- 
pital, engraved in 1814 after his own drawing. 


FAIRCHILD, LOUIS | 
Born in Farmington, Conn., in 1800; was living in 
New York in 1840. Fairchild learned to engrave with 
Asaph Willard, in New Haven, and became an etcher 
80 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


and line-engraver of landscape. He also painted por- 
traits in miniature and is said to have excelled in that 
branch of art, though he did little work as a painter. 


FAIRMAN, DAVID 


A brother of Gideon Firman, is mentioned as an en- 
graver, though none of his work has been found. David 
was born in 1782 and died in Philadelphia on Aug. 19, 
1815. His obituary refers to him as “a respectable 
Artist.” 


FAIRMAN, GIDEON 

Bornin Newtown, Fairfield Co., Conn., June 26,1774; 
died in Philadelphia, April 18, 1827. Fairman was an 
_ apprentice with a mechanic in his native village, but he 
was later sent to Isaac and George Hutton, of Albany, 
N. Y., to learn silver-plate engraving. In 1796 he com- 
menced business for himself in Albany as an engraver; 
and in 1810 he removed to Philadelphia and became a 
member of the bank-note engraving firm of Murray, 
Draper, Fairman & Co. But at the same time he de- 
signed for engravers and engraved in line in his own 
name. 

In 1818, Fairman accompanied Jacob Perkins and 
Asa Spencer to London, to compete for a liberal prize of- 
fered for a means of preventing the forgery of bank-notes. 
The Americans submitted a method of “engine-turning,”’ 
and while they failed to secure the first prize they re- 
ceived a considerable sum in recognition of the excellence 
of their work. Fairman and Perkins then entered into 
partnership with the English engraver Charles Heath, 

$1 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


and published prints made by the “Patent hardened steel 
process.” Fairman returned to Philadelphia after a short 
time and was a partner of Cephas G. Childs in 1824, and 
in 1826 he was a member of the firm of Fairman, Draper, 
Underwood & Co. He is said to have been a colonel of 
militia in the war of 1812. 


FAIRMAN, RICHARD | 

Born in 1788; died in Philadelphia in December, 1821. 
Mr. C. Gobrecht says that Richard was a brother of Gid- 
eon Fairman, and in 1820 he was working in the estab- 
lishment of the latter engraver. He was engraving sub- 
ject plates in line in Philadelphia as early as 1812. 


FARMER, JOHN 

Born in Half Moon, Saratoga Co., N. Y., Feb. 9, 
1798; died in Detroit, Mich., March 24, 1859. Farmer | 
was educated near Albany, N. Y., and taught school in 
that city. In 1821 he removed to Michigan, became a 
surveyor, and drew the first published map of Michigan. 
He afterward published a number of maps of Michigan, 
Wisconsin, Lake Superior, Detroit, etc. It is stated that 
he engraved the most of these maps himself. John 
Farmer held many important city offices in Detroit. 


FELCH, —— 


This name is signed to some poorly executed landscape 
work published in 1855, with no indication of place. 


FETERS or PETERS, W. T. 


A crudely engraved stippled portrait of the Rev. John 
Davenport, of Connecticut, is signed “W. T. Feters,” 
| 82 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


though this may be a mistake of the letter-engraver for 
Peters. The plate has no indication of its origin; and the 
only reasons for ascribing it to an American are the poor 
quality of the work and the fact that the subject is Ameri- 
can. The date of publication is probably about 1820. 


FIELD, ROBERT 


Robert Field, portrait-painter and engraver, is said to 
have been born in Gloucester, England; and a Halifax 
newspaper records the item that “Robert Field, Esq., an 
eminent artist, very much regretted, died at Jamaica, on 
August 9th, 1819.” 

William Dunlap says that Field came to New York 
about 1793, and was a handsome, stout, gentlemanly 
man, and a favorite with gentlemen. He tells little else, 
other than that he went to Halifax, after painting very 
good miniatures in Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and 
New York. 

Field was in Philadelphia in January, 1795; and on 
August 1 of the same year he published his portrait of 
Washington in New York City. While in the United 
States he engraved in stipple, and in a pleasing manner, 
portraits of Washington, Jefferson, Hamilton, and 
Shakespeare ; but he was chiefly occupied in painting 
miniatures. Among the latter may be mentioned Wash- 
ington and Jefferson, after Stuart, and Charles Carroll 
of Carrollton—both of the latter engraved by Longacre 
—and William Cliffton and J. EK. Harwood, engraved 
by Edwin. Dunlap mentions his portraits of Mrs. Allen, 
of Boston, and Mrs. Thornton, of Washington, D. C. 

About 1808 Robert Field removed to Halifax, Nova 

83 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


Scotia, and he seemingly remained there until 1816, 
painting portraits; and he there engraved at least one 
large plate, a full-length portrait of Governor-General 
Sir John Coape Sherbrooke, published in Halifax in 
1816. He painted this portrait, and those of Governor 
Sir George Prevost and Governor Sir John Wentworth, 
for the Government House in Halifax. The portrait of 
Governor Prevost was engraved by S. W. Reynolds, and 
published in London in 1818, but without any credit to 
the artist. 

Mr. Harry Peirs, curator of the Provincial Museum 
of Halifax, writes that in addition to those mentioned 
there are a number of Field’s portraits in that city, all 
showing decided ability. He notes the portrait of Bishop 
Charles Ingles, now in the National Gallery in London; 
and portraits of Adam Dechezeau, John Lawson, Mi- 
chael W allace, and William Bowie, all citizens of Halifax. 

One brief published biography says that Robert Field 
“went to Canada, studied theology and later became 
prominent in the Episcopal Church.” ‘This is evidently 
an error, as the most diligent search of the official church 
records shows that there was no Robert Field among the 
Episcopalian clergymen of that country. The evidence 
is that he was painting portraits practically up to the 
time of his death. He probably returned to England for 
a short period; as Algernon Graves, in his “Dictionary 
of Artists,” mentions R. Field as “a portrait painter of 
Halifax, N.S.,” who exhibited at the Royal Academy in 
London in 1818. He probably went from London to 
Jamaica, and died there, as stated, in 1819. 

An interesting letter of Robert Field is preserved 

84 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


among the “Dreer Manuscripts” in the Pennsylvania 
Historical Society. It is addressed to Robert Gilmor, 
Jr., of Baltimore, and is dated in Philadelphia, Jan. 18, 
1795. In this letter Field refers to the Robertson portrait 
of Washington which he afterward engraved. He says 
that “this miniature of the President is as good a likeness 
and as fine a piece of painting as I ever saw”; and goes 
on to say that he had engaged to engrave it of the same 
size “with some ornaments to surround and make it more 
interesting.” But as Mr. Robertson intended te go to 
India, he declined the large plate and proposed to sell 
the miniature to Field for $1000. Field thought this 
price extravagant; though he adds that “it might be 
worth while even on those terms, if in my power.” On 
what terms he finally succeeded in getting the portrait to 
engrave, is not stated. 

Field notes that he already had plenty to do in Phila- 
delphia, where he says he was “making a figure” in the 
Academy of Arts and Sciences lately established in that 
city. He hoped to succeed Robertson as a miniature 
painter. 


FITCH, JOHN 

Born in South Windsor, Conn., Jan. 21, 1743; died in 
Bardstown, Ky., in June or July, 1798. John Fitch, the 
inventor of the steamboat, received a common school edu- 
cation and was apprenticed to a clock-maker at an early 
age. For some time he followed this business, combining 
with it the manufacture and engraving of brass and sil- 
ver buttons. After some service in the Revolution as a 

85 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


gunsmith, in 1780, he was appointed a deputy-surveyor 
by the State of Virginia and made extensive surveys in 
Kentucky. He was a prisoner among the Indians in 
1782-83. ; 

In 1785 Fitch made a map of the northwest country for 
the use of explorers, basing his work upon the maps of 
Hutchins and Morrow and his own explorations. ‘This 
map he crudely engraved upon copper hammered out 
and prepared by himself; and he printed the maps upon 
a press of his own manufacture. According to his adver- 
tisement in the “Pennsylvania Packet” of June 30, 1785, 
Fitch sold this map for “a French crown’; and he ap- 
parently disposed of a considerable number of impres- 
sions, as his biographers state that with $800 thus raised 
he formed a steamboat company in 1787 and commenced 
building a 60-ton boat. ‘The remainder of the career of 
this unfortunate and unappreciated inventor is too well 
known to need further mention in this place. 


FOLWELL, SAMUEL 

Born about 1765; died in Philadelphia, Nov. 26, 1813. 
Folwell probably came from New England, as he en- 
graved book-plates in 1792 for residents of New Hamp- 
shire. In 1798 he came to Philadelphia as a miniature 
painter, a cutter of silhouettes, and a “worker in hair” ; 
he also conducted a school in that city for a time. Very 
few examples of the engraved work of Folwell have been 
seen; and his two portraits are executed in a combination 
of aquatint and stipple which is rather pleasing in effect, 
though showing an unpractised hand. 

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FORREST, ION B. 

Born in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, about 1814; died in 
Hudson Co., N. J., in 1870. Forest was an apprentice | 
to the London engraver 'Thomas Fry, and he remained 
in the employ of Fry until he was induced, in 1837, to 
come to Philadelphia to engrave for the National Por- 
trait Gallery. In 1842 Forrest removed to New York 
and was there employed by the Putnams and other pub- 
lishers. He later turned his attention to miniature paint- 
ing. 

Forrest was a good engraver of portraits in the stipple 
manner; but some of his best work is found in the form 
of small fancy heads and vignettes. 


FOSSETTE, H. 


Was an engraver of landscape, working in New York 
about 1850, after drawings by A. Dick. 


FOSTER, C. 
Was a designer and bank-note engraver located in 
Cincinnati, O., in 1841. 


FOSTER, JOHN 

Baptized in Dorchester, Mass., Dec. 18, 1648; died in 
Boston, Sept. 9, 1681. In 1667 Foster was graduated 
from Harvard College; in 1669 he was teaching school in 
Dorchester; and in 1675 he established the first printing 
office in Boston, New England. 

From all the evidence available, Foster was the first 
engraver of a portrait in this country of whom we have 


87 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


any record. This is a wood-block portrait of the Rev. 
Richard Mather; and one of the three known impressions 
has written upon it, in an almost contemporaneous hand, 
Johannes Foster, sculpsit. 'This particular impression 
was found by Mr. Wilberforce Eames, of the New York 
Public Library, as the frontispiece to a life of Richard 
Mather published in Cambridge, New England,in 1670; 
in 1702 it was bound up with several tracts by the then 
owner, and the supposition is that he wrote the inscrip- 
tion noted above. Another copy of this portrait, framed, 
is in the possession of the Massachusetts Historical So- 
ciety. It has the name of Richard Mather printed upon 
it in type, but has no indication of the engraver. 

Dr. Samuel A. Green, of the Massachusetts Historical 
Society, has made a close study of Foster as the possible 
engraver of this portrait; and from his contribution to 
the society proceedings on this head, and from mforma- 
tion given personally, we have the following confirmatory 
evidence: 

In 1671, the Indian apostle, John Eliot, refers to 
Foster, in a letter, as having engraved an A. B. C. book 
for the use of the Indians; no copy of this book is known 
to exist, but among the published books of Eliot note is 
made of “The Logic Primer for the use of the Indians,” 
1672. Blake’s “Annals of Dorchester” (Boston, 1846) 
says, under date of 1681: “This year died Mr. John 
Foster, son of Capt. Hopestill Foster, Schoolmaster of 
Dorchester and he that made the then seal of the Arms of 
ye Colony, namely an Indian with a Bow & Arrow.” Dr. 
Green thinks that this note refers to a rude woodcut seal 
of arms found in Increase Mather’s “Brief History of 

88 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


the War with the Indians in New England,” printed by 
Foster a few months before the appearance of Hubbard’s 
narrative, also printed by Foster, in Boston in 1677. In 
his funeral oration, delivered by his friend Thomas Tiles- 
ton, John Foster is referred to as “a cunning Artist’; and 
in the inventory of his estate, dated Oct. 5, 1681, mention 
is made of “carving tools’ and “cuts and coollors,” the 
latter possibly referring to printers’ ink. 

Foster is also credited with having engraved the rude 
woodcut map of New England issued with Rev. W. Hub- 
bard’s narrative of the troubles with the Indians in New 
England, published by John Foster in Boston in 1677. 
This map has been the subject of much controversy, as 
there are two distinct woodcuts of it differing widely in 
detail and especially in the spelling of local names. On 
this account one is known as the “White Hills” and the 
other as the “Wine Hills” map; the contention of the one 
party is that no New Englander could have made such 
glaring and numerous errors in spelling the names of — 
well-known New England localities as appear in the 
“Wine Hill” map, and that this map must have been 
made abroad. As it is somewhat better executed than the 
other, this is possible, but the evidence already quoted 
points to Foster as the engraver of the “White Hill” map, 
in which names are correctly spelled. 

From later notes on John Foster, contributed by Dr. 
Green, the following additional matter is taken: A letter 
of Wait Winthrop, of June 22, 1680, to his brother John 
Winthrop, at New London, Conn., says: “I have sent 
you a map of the towne, with Charlestowne, taken by 
M’. Foster, the printer, from Noodles Island. ‘T'was sent 

3 39 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


for Amsterdam and y* printed.” ‘This was probably a 
view of the two towns, but no such engraving is known. 

After teaching school in Dorchester, Foster established 
his printing office in Boston in 1675. His place of busi- 
ness was “over against the Sign of the Dove” on the 
south side of Boylston Street, somewhere between W ash- 
ington and Tremont streets. Foster was buried in the 
burying ground in Dorchester, and in his will he provided 
for the erection of “a pair of handsome Gravestones.” 
These stones still exist; that at the head is elaborately 
chiseled and contains a Latin couplet written by Increase 
Mather. In this couplet Foster is referred to as studying 
the stars, he having been the author of six almanacs. 


FOW LE, E. A. 
This man was a landscape engraver, working in line 
in Boston in 1843, and in New York a little later. 


FOX, GILBERT 

According to Wm. Dunlap, Fox was born in England 
about 1776; was apprenticed to the London engraver 
Thomas Medland, and was induced to come to Philadel- 
phia in 1795 by James Trenchard, who bought his re- 
maining time from his master. Fox engraved a few por- 
traits and book illustrations for Philadelphia publishers 
and later became a teacher of drawing in a ladies’ acad- 
emy in that city. Dunlap says that he eloped with one 
of his pupils, lost his position, and then went upon the 
stage; and the Philadelphia directory of 1798 contains 
his name as “‘a comedian.” 

It was for Gilbert Fox that Joseph Hopkinson wrote 

90 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


“Hail Columbia,” and Fox sang it for the first time at 
his benefit in 1798. Hopkinson, in telling how he came to 
write this famous song and in speaking of Fox, says: “I 
had known him at school.” Dunlap says that Fox was 
improvident and always in debt; and from the dates on 
his plates, up to 1806, he evidently continued to engrave 
in the intervals between theatrical engagements. 


FREDERICK, JOHN L. 


Frederick was an engraver of buildings and book illus- 
trations in business in Philadelphia from 1818 until 1845 ; 
though he at times also kept a “Music Store.” As he was 
engraving for Collins’ Quarto Bible, published in New 
York in 1816, it is probable that he came from that city 
to Philadelphia. His one known portrait, that of the 
Rev. Joseph Eastburn, is an attempt in stipple and is 
poorly done. 

John L. Frederick is said to have died in Philadelphia 
in 1880 or 1881. 


FREEMAN, 


Well engraved line-plates so signed are found in a 
quarto Bible published in New York in 1816; but noth- 
ing more is known as to the identity of the man. 


FREEMAN, E. O. 


This good line-engraver of historical subjects was 
working for Boston publishers about 1850. 


FREEMAN, W. H. 
W. H. Freeman was an excellent letter and script en- 
graver, working in Baltimore, Md., about 1830. He may 
91 


/ 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


have been the “Freeman” who was engraving in line in 
New York in 1816. 


FRENCH, EDWIN DAVIS 

Born in North Attleborough, Mass., Jan. 19, 1851. 
Entered Brown University in 1866, but owing to illness 
left that institution in 1868. In 1869 he began engraving 
on silver with the Whiting Manufacturing Co., and he 
went with that establishment when it removed its works 
to New York in 1876. Mr. French studied drawing and 
painting at the Art Students’ League of New York, un- 
der William Sartain, in 1883—86; he was later on the 
board of control of that organization until 1891, serving 
as president in 1890-91. : | 

In 1894 Mr. French began the designing and engray- 
ing of book-plates and similar work on copper, and in 
this branch of the art he has achieved a well-deserved repu- 
tation. Since 1894 he has designed and engraved 245 
book-plates, chiefly for private owners, but he also made 
many for clubs and public institutions. Among the latter 
may be noted the beautiful plates designed and engraved 
for the Grolier Club, Union League, and Metropolitan 
Museum of Art, of New York; the Club of Odd Vol- 
umes, of Boston; Library of Princeton University ; Child 
Memorial Library, and other Harvard Library plates; 
Long Island Historical Society—Storrs. Memorial; 
Dean Hoffman Library, etc. For the Society of Icono- 
philes he engraved their first publication, a series of 
views of historical New York buildings, and he has also 
made a number of title-pages and certificate plates. In 

92 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


1897 Mr. French moved his studio to Saranac Lake, 
N. Y., where he is still at work. 


FURNASS, JOHN MASON — 

Nathaniel Hurd, among other people, mentions in his 
will his sister Anne Hurd, wife of John Furnass; and to 
his nephew John Mason Furnass he bequeathed his en- 
graving tools. 

In 1785 Furnass was painting portraits in Boston, but 
book-plates and Massachusetts Loan certificates consti- 
tute the only engraved work by Furnass seen by the 
writer. 


FURST, MORITZ 

Born at Boesing, Hungary, March, 1782; living in 
New York in 1834. Furst was an engraver of dies for 
coins and medals, and was a pupil of Wurst, chief die- 
sinker in the Mint of Vienna, and of Megole, afterward 
superintendent of the Lombardy Mint. 

In 1807 Mr. Joseph Clay, U. S. Consul at Leghorn, 
induced Furst to come to the United States, as die-sinker 
in the U. S. Mint at Philadelphia; and in this capacity 
he engraved the dies for a large number of Congress 
medals awarded to military and naval heroes of the War 
of 1812. Furst was also engaged at the same time in 
general business, as he advertises (July 11, 1808) as an 
“Engraver of Seals and Dye-Sinker on Steel and other 
metals,” and asks for the patronage of the citizens of 
Philadelphia. He was in business as an “Engraver on 
Steel” in Philadelphia as late as September, 1820. 

| 93 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
G., L. 


These initials, as engraver, appear upon a reversed 
copy of acaricature originally etched by William Charles, 
of Philadelphia, and seemingly of contemporaneous date. 
The print represents a “Scene on the Frontier” ; the chief 
figure being an English officer paying Indians for 
American scalps. 


GALLAND, JOHN 

The name of John Galland, “engraver,” appears in 
the Philadelphia directories for 1796-1817, inclusive. He 
engraved in the stipple manner and with little effect. 
Probably his most ambitious work is a large portrait of 
Washington done after a similar plate by David Edwin. 
A number of portraits and historical plates executed by 
Galland are to be found in a history of France published 
by James Stewart, Philadelphia, 1796-97. 


GALLAUDET, EDWARD 


Born in Hartford, Conn., April 30, 1809; died there 
Oct. 11, 1847. He was the son of Peter Wallace Gal- 
laudet, merchant, and a nephew of Rev. Thomas Hop- 
kins Gallaudet, the educator of the deaf and dumb. Ed- 
ward Gallaudet was probably an apprentice with one of 
the several engraving establishments in Hartford; he then 
worked in Boston with John Cheney. Gallaudet was a 
reputable line-engraver, his best work appearing in the 
Annuals of 1835-40. 

A miniature portrait of Kdward Gallaudet is in the 
possession of his nephew, Mr. EK. M. Gallaudet, principal 

94 


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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


of the Gallaudet College for the Deaf and Dumb ot 
Washington, D. C. 


GALLAUDET, ELISHA 

Born in New Rochelle, N. Y., about 1730; living in 
1800. Elisha Gallaudet was the second son of Dr. Peter 
Gallaudet, one of the Huguenot settlers of New Rochelle; 
and in 1755 he was married to Jeanne Dubois, of the 
same town. As early as 1759 Gallaudet was in business 
in New York as an engraver, as is shown in an advertise- 
ment in the “New York Mercury” of March 5, 1759. In 
this issue appear proposals for printing by subscription 
“Six Representations of Warriors who are in the Service 
of their Majesties, the King of Great Britain and the 
King of Prussia. Designed after life with a Description 
as expressed in the Proposals.” Among the persons 
named as taking subscriptions for these prints are “Mr. 
Joseph Woodruff, Limner, in Dock Street. Mr. Mi- 
chael De Bruls, engraver, at Mr. Furer, Silversmith, in 
French Church Street; Mr. Elisha Galludet (sic), En- 
graver, in South Street, etc.” 

The writer is unable to identify these six prints. But 
the issue of July 30, 1759, of the same journal, apolo- 
gizes for the delay in their appearance, and goes on to 
say that the “editor” of these prints is required by the 
urgency of the “service” to be at his station at Fort Stan- 
wix. The further statement is made, however, that “five 
of above plates are finished and the sixth is actually en- 
graving.” From this it would appear that these portraits 
were actually produced in the Colony, and possibly en- 
graved by de Bruls or Gallaudet, or both. 

95 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


Besides some early book-plates the only known en- 
graving by Elisha Gallaudet is a portrait of the Rev. 
George Whitfield, issued as a frontispiece to a “Life of 
Whitfield” published by Hodge & Shober, New York, 
1774. This plate is very poorly engraved and is evidently 
a copy from an English print. In the list of subscribers 
to this book is the name of “Elisha Gallaudet, engraver, 
New York.” 


GANDOLFI, MAURO 

Born in Bologna, Italy, in 1771; died there in 1834. 
This master engraver in line, and a pupil of the famous 
Giuseppe Longhi, was probably the first of the really 
prominent European engravers to visit the United States 
professionally, though he never engraved here. Dunlap 
' tells us that he came to the United States under a con- 
tract to engrave for $4,000 Col. Trumbull’s large plate 
of the “Declaration of Independence.” But owing to the 
relatively high cost of living in New York, he cancelled 
his engagement and returned to Italy. He took with him 
William Main, a young man of New York who had 
shown some early ability in engraving. Gandolfi 
promised to instruct him in the art; but owing to some 
personal disagreement they separated and Main went 
into the studio of Raphael Morghen, and remained there 
several years. 


GARDEN, FRANCIS 

The “Boston Evening Post,” March 4, 1745, contains 
the following advertisement: 

“Francis Garden, Engraver from London, engraves 


96 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


in the newest Manner and at the cheapest Rates, Coats- 
of-Arms, Crests or Cyphers on Gold, Silver, Pewter or 
Copper. To be heard of at Mr. Caverly’s, Distiller, at 
the South End of Boston. 

“N. B. He will wait on any Person,in Town or Coun- 
ty, to do their work at their own House, if desired; also 
copperplate printing performed by him.” 

Nowork of any kind signed by Garden is known to the 
writer. 


GAUK, JAMES 

The New York directories for 1799-1804 contain this 
name as “engraver.” No work signed by Gauk is known 
to the writer. 


GAVIN, H. 

A fairly well-executed line frontispiece to Marmon- 
tel’s Belisarius is signed H. Gavin, Sculp. The work it- 
self was published at Newburyport, in 1796, for Thomas 
and Andrews, of Boston, Mass. No other example of 
Gavin’s work has been seen by the compiler. 


GAVIT, JOHN E. 

Born in New York, Oct. 29, 1817; died at Stock- 
bridge, Mass., Aug. 25, 1874. Gavit learned his business 
in Albany, N. Y., and he there founded an engraving, 
printing, and lithographing establishment. He later be- 
came especially interested in bank-note work, and in 1855 
he assisted in organizing the American Bank Note Co., 
in New York. After serving as secretary for a time, he 


97 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


was elected president of that company in 1866, and held 
that office until his death. 

The firm of Gavit & Duthie furnished a number of 
portraits for the magazines, but as they employed en- 
gravers the individual work is difficult to detect. 


GAW, R. M. 

This engraver was probably in the employ of Peter 
Maverick in Newark, N. J., in 1829. He engraved in 
line portraits and architectural work. | 


GIL, GERONIMO ANTONIO 

Born in Zamora, Spain, in 1732; died in the city of 
Mexico, April 16, 1798. Gul studied in San Fernando 
and in Madrid, and in 1756 he was awarded a prize for 
painting and in the same year he commenced engraving. 
He continued his studies in Rome in 1757, and in 1760 
he was appointed chief engraver to the Mint in the city 
of Mexico. He engraved the dies for a number of medals 
and made the matrices and punches for the type foundry 
for the Royal Library, said to be one of the best outfits 
then in existence. He also engraved the portraits of 
Charles III, and of Palafox, Bishop of Puebla. 


GILES, CHARLES T. 

Born in New York, Aug. 25, 1827; living in Brook- 
lyn, N. Y., in 1900. This reputable line-engraver of 
landscape and historical subjects began work in New 
York in 1847, and was practising his profession as late as 
1898. 

93 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
GILLINGHAM, EDWIN 


A map of Boston and its vicinity, made from an actual 
survey by John G. Hales, is signed Edwin Gillingham 
Sc. This map, 24% <30%4 ins. in size, was published by 
John Melish, Philadelphia, 1819. It was republished by 
John G. Hales in Boston in 1820, and again in 1829. 


GILMAN, J. W. 


J. W. Gilman engraved the music and words in “The 
American Harmony, or Royal Melody Complete. etc.,” 
in two volumes, by “William Tan’sur, Senior. Musico 
Theorico,” and by “A. Williams, Teacher of Psalmody 
in London.” ‘The book was “Printed and Sold by Daniel 
Bayley, at his House next Door to St. Paul’s Church, 
- Newbury-Port, 1771.” The preface to the second part 
bears the date of Jan. 5, 1771. To various pages the en- 
graver signs his name as J. W. Gilman sculpt., I.W.G., 
J.W. G. sc., ete. 

A study of the “Gilman Genealogy” leads the writer 
to assume that this engraver was John Ward Gilman, 
born in Exeter, Mass., May 9, 1741, and died in the same 
place, June 16, 1828. There is no record of the career of 
John Ward Gilman, other than that he was postmaster 
of Exeter for forty years. Exeter is only about fifteen 
miles from Newburyport, and this crude work might 
have been done by the Gilman of the former town. 


GIMBER, STEPHEN H. 


Born in England and there learned to engrave, but he 
was working at his profession in New York as early as 
1830; and in 1832—33 his name is associated on plates 

99 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


with that of A. L. Dick, of that city. His name is found 
in the New York directories until 1842, when he prob- 
ably removed to Philadelphia, as he was in business in 
the latter city, as an engraver and lithographer, after 
1856. Gimber was a good portrait engraver in stipple 
and mezzotint, and his early subject plates are in line; 
he also drew portraits upon stone. His son of the same 
name was also an engraver. 


GIMBREDHE, JOSEPH NAPOLEON 


Born at West Point, N. Y., in 1820. He was a son of 
Thomas Gimbrede and learned to engrave with his uncle, 
J.F. EK. Prud’homme. J. N. Gimbrede was in business 
as an engraver in New York in 1841—45, producing por- 
traits and subject plates. He was later a stationer with 
an establishment under the Metropolitan Hotel, No. 588 
_ Broadway. 


GIMBREDE, THOMAS 
Born in France in 1781; died at West Point, N. Y.., 
Oct. 25, 1832. Gimbrede came to the United States in 
1802 as a miniature painter; but he was engraving some 
excellent portraits in the stipple manner for the New 
York publishers, John Low and William Durell, as early 
as 1810. In 1816 he had an office at 201 Broadway, New 
York, and he furnished a considerable amount of work 
for the Philadelphia magazines, the “Port Folio” and 
the “Analectic.” On Jan. 5, 1819, Thomas Gimbrede 
was appointed drawing-master at the Military Academy 
at West Point, and he remained in that position until his 
100 | 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


death. He continued to engrave, however, until late in 
life, as we find portrait plates engraved and published by 
him in 1881. He was a brother-in-law of J. F. E. 
Prud’homme, also an engraver of portraits in stipple. 


GIRARDET, P. 

A well-engraved line and stipple plate was published 
in New York in 1857 and entitled “Winter Scene in 
Broadway.” ‘The plate is signed as engraved by P. Gi- 
rardet from a painting by H. Sebron. As this is the only 
plate by this engraver known to the writer he can not say 
that the work was executed in the United States. The 
names of the engraver and painter are French; and 
though the scene is laid in New York the plate may have 
been made abroad. 


GIRSCH, FREDERICK 

Born in Biedingen, a suburb of Darmstadt, Germany, 
March 31, 1821; died in Mt. Vernon, N. Y., Dec. 18, 
1895.. Left an orphan at an early age, young Girsch was 
forced to assist in the support of his mother and four sis- 
ters; and to this end he made use of his exceptional nat- 
ural talent for drawing. Having received some instruc- 
tion in painting from a local artist, one Carl Seeger, he 
earned some money by portrait-painting, and his portrait 
of a Princess attracted such general attention that a suf- 
ficient sum was raised by subscription to enable him to 
pursue his art studies at the Royal Academy of Darm- 
stadt, then one of the leading art institutions of Ger- 
many. He remained in Germany until the Revolution of 

101 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


1848, when he obtained official permission to further pur- 
sue his studies in Paris; but he left that city for the 
United States in 1849. 

Mr. Girsch settled in New York, and having in the 
course of his art studies learned to etch and to engrave in 
line, the first work executed by him in this country was 
done for the then “New Yorker Criminal Zeitung.” As 
was then the custom, this publication issued “premium” 
engravings, and Mr. Girsch engraved two of these— “Die 
Helden der Revolution” and “Niagara Falls.” He rap- 
idly improved in the quality of his line work and made a 
number of portraits for the publishers of New York City. 

But it is as a bank-note engraver that Mr. Girsch did 
his best work and achieved a reputation. The issue of 
paper money by the Government, soon after the outbreak 
of the Civil War, demanded a class of work much su- 
perior to the earlier private bank-notes, and the most 
skilled line-engravers of the country were employed by 
the bank-note companies commissioned to provide this 
new money. Girsch soon found a recognized place among 
these men and was engaged in bank-note work practically 
up to the time of his death. 

Mr. Girsch engraved the “De Soto discovering the 
Mississippi” on the back of one of the early $10 notes; 
the head of Liberty on the 15-cent fractional currency, 
and the portrait of Washington on the 25-cent note of 
the same currency. He was particularly proud of a plate 
of peculiar interest and now almost unknown. This was 
the plate, 1214 ins., of the “Legion of Honor,” impres- 
sions from which President Lincoln proposed to present 
to all honorably discharged officers and soldiers at the 

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close of the Civil War. This plate was finished, but the 
tragic death of the President and the resulting confusion 
in public affairs prevented his intentions from being car- 
ried out, and very few impressions of the plate are in ex- 
istence. 

At the age of seventy-three years Mr. Girsch en- 
graved, in etching and in line, a large plate entitled 
“Grand Ma’s Toast,” which is an excellent piece of work; 
but another plate, “The Gypsey Girl,” 514714 ins., and 
executed for “his own pleasure,” about the same time, is 
in pure line and is probably as meritorious a plate as was 
ever engraved by him. 


GLADDING, K. C. 


Several rather poorly engraved “Rewards of Merit” 
are signed “K. C. Gladding Sc.” There is no indication 
of the place of origin, other than that the plates are un- 
_doubtedly American. Judging from the “bank-note” 
ornamentation the date of the plates is about 1825-30. 


GLOVER, D. L. 


Glover was an engraver of portraits and subjects, in 
line and in stipple, located in New York in 1850—55. 


GOBRECHT, CHRISTIAN 

Born in Hanover, York Co., Pa., Dec. 28, 1785 ; died in 
Philadelphia, July 23,1844. Christian Gobrecht was the 
son of the Rev. John Christopher Gobrecht, who was 
born in Augerstein, Germany, Oct. 11, 1733; came to 
America in 1755; was ordained a minister of the German 
Reformed Church on Sept. 28, 1766, and died at Han- 

103 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


over, York Co., Pa., Nov. 6, 1815. The mother of Chris- 
tian Gobrecht was Elizabeth Sands, whose ancestor, 
James Sands, settled at Plymouth, Colony of Massa- 
chusetts Bay, in 1642. 

At an early age Christian Gobrecht was apprenticed 
to a clock-maker of Manheim, Lancaster Co., Pa., to 
learn the business; and at the end of his apprenticeship 
he established himself in Baltimore. By working upon 
the metal clock-faces of the period he learned engraving | 
and die-sinking; and as early as 1810 he engraved a 
creditable portrait of Washington for J. Kingston’s 
“New American Biographical Dictionary,” published in 
Baltimore. About 1811 he removed to Philadelphia, and 
while especially engaged in sinking dies for medals and 
other work of that nature he furnished a few good por- 
trait plates for the publishers of that city. Among his 
better-known dies may be mentioned the Franklin Insti- 
tute medal of 1825, after a design by Thomas Sully; a 
portrait medal of Charles Willson Peale; the seal of St. 
Peter’s Church, Philadelphia; and award medals for the 
Massachusetts Society for the Promotion of Manufac- 
tures, and the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanics Asso- 
ciation. In 1886 Mr. Gobrecht was appointed draughts- 
man and die-sinker to the U. S. Mint in Philadelphia, 
and he designed and made the dies for the dollar of 1836. 
On Dee. 21, 1840, he succeeded William Kneass as chief 
engraver to the Mint and held this office until his death 
in 1844. The dies made by Mr. Gobrecht are justly 
esteemed for the artistic excellence of the work put upon 
them. 

According to papers in the possession of his grandson, 


104 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


Charles G. Darrach, C.E., of Ridley Park, Pa., Christian 
Gobrecht was the original inventor of the medal-ruling 
machine, a device whereby medals, etc., could be engraved 
directly from the relief face and a plate thus prepared 
for reproduction upon paper. This claim was disputed 
by Mr. Asa Spencer, of Philadelphia, as late as 1842; 
but the evidence is that in 1810, while still living in Balti- 
more, Mr. Gobrecht constructed the first ruling-machine 
ever made in which the ruler was stationary and the plat- 
form carrying the plate was moved under it. In 1816 he 
engaged Mr. Spencer to make for him a ruling-machine 
in which the platform was to be moved by a screw, instead 
of by an inclined plane as in the machine of 1810. But 
yielding to the objections raised by Mr. Spencer and by 
Jacob Perkins, he permitted a roller to be substituted for 
the screw; with the result that the machine produced 
would rule only straight, instead of wavy, lines. 

Mr. Gobrecht later had this machine changed to suit 
his original ideas, and in 1817 he produced with this new 
machine ahead of Alexander I of Russia, engraved from 
a medal. This production attracted much attention at 
the time and was “‘a subject of eager inquiry as to how it 
was done,” says Mr. Gobrecht. With the consent of Mr. 
Gobrecht, Messrs. Mason and Baldwin, in 1825, made a 
medal-ruling attachment to a ruling-machine made by 
Asa Spencer in 1817 for Richard Fairman. The same 
firm made a similar machine for Gideon F airman, a busi- 
ness associate of Asa Spencer. 

It should be explained that ruling-machines for pro- 
ducing straight equidistant lines, for background work, 
etc., were employed in England as early as 1776, and 

105 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


were in common use in the United States in 1816; but it 
was not until about 1840—42 that Bates, in London, and 
’ Asa Spencer, in Philadelphia, began to issue work that 
called general attention to the direct reproduction of 
medallic work by means of an improved ruling-machine. 
In 1842 Mr. Spencer publicly claimed the credit for the 
original invention of the medal-ruling machine; though 
on Aug. 8, 1830, he had written a letter to the “United 
States Gazette,” of Philadelphia—the original of which 
is still in existence—stating that “It was never my inten- 
tion to deny but always to admit, that Mr. Gobrecht was 
the first to discover the mode of ruling medals, as ex- 
hibited by his specimen published in 1817.” Mr. Go- 
brecht met the claim of Mr. Spencer by a statement call- 
ing attention to the above letter; by giving the names of 
men who made and of engravers who used his machines; 
and by finally pointing out that a Gobrecht medal-ruling 
machine was used in 1825 by the engraving firm of which 
Mr. Spencer was then a member. 

Mr. John Saxton, also of the U. S. Mint, later made 
valuable improvements on the medal-ruling machine, and 
eliminated the tendency to distortion in the resulting en- 
graving. At first the medal itself was used as a model, 
and a valuable specimen might thus be ruined. Mr. 
Spencer proposed a shellac impression of the medal for 
the medal itself; but this was open to the objection that it 
could be punctured by the tracing-point and a false 
transfer would result. To meet both of these objections 
Mr. Saxton used an electrotype model, which was even 
more satisfactory than the medal itself, for any acciden- 

106 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


tal scratches or dents could be removed before ruling the 
plate. 


GODWIN, ABRAHAM 

Born in what is now Paterson, N. J., July 16, 1763; 
died there, Oct. 5, 1885; he was the son of Abraham God- 
win and Phebe Cool. Before he was fourteen years of 
age Abraham Godwin enlisted in a New York regiment 
as fife major and he served until the end of the Revo- 
lutionary War. 

At the close of the war Godwin became an apprentice 
to A. Billings, an indifferent engraver of book-plates, 
etc., located in New York. As an engraver Godwin ap- 
parently issued but few signed plates, and his work is 
akin to that of his master in quality. 

Abraham Godwin wrote verses, some of which were 
published in the newspapers of the day, and he was fond 
of sketching and painting. In his later days he was the 
proprietor of the old Passaic Hotel,in Paterson, and Dun- 
lap says that he was a brigadier-general in the New Jersey 
militia. He was the father of the late editor and author, 
Parke Godwin, who was born in Paterson, N. J., in 1816. 

In making this note the writer expresses his indebted- 
ness to Mr. William Nelson’s forthcoming history of 
Paterson, N. J. 


GOLDTHWAIT, G. H. 

This man, apparently a bank-note engraver, was work- 
ing in Boston in 1842. There is a “Miniature County 
Map of the United States,’ Drawn Engraved and Pub- 

107 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS — 


lished by G. H. Goldthwait, Boston— 1842. The map is 
embellished with a border of small views of public build- 
ings, natural scenery, etc. 


GOODALL, ALBERT GALLATIN 

Born in Montgomery, Ala., Oct. 81,1826; died in New 
York, Feb. 19, 1887. At the age of fifteen Goodall en- 
tered the Texan navy as a midshipman, and saw active 
service during the Mexican-Texan war. In 1844 he went 
to Havana and there learned copperplate engraving. He 
removed to Philadelphia in 1848, commenced to engrave 
bank-notes on steel, and later connected himself with the 
New York company which became in time the American 
Bank Note Company. Goodall was president of this 
company for the last twelve years of his life. 

In 1858, Goodall visited Greece, Turkey, Russia, Nor- 
way, and Sweden, in the interest of the bank-note com- 
pany, and obtained many foreign orders to be executed 
in New York. The Greek bank-notes were the first for- 
eign notes engraved on steel, those of Russia coming 
next. Goodall also obtained large South American or- 
ders, and he was decorated by Alexander II of Russia 
and by the Emperor of Brazil. In 1860 he went to St. 
Petersburg, with five American engravers, to execute an 
order there and to instruct Russian engravers in Ameri- 
can methods. 


GOODMAN, CHARLES 
Born in Philadelphia about 1790; died there in 18380. 
Goodman was a pupil of David Edwin, and a good en- 
graver in the stipple manner. When he had learned his 
business he and his fellow apprentice, Robert Piggot, 
108 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


founded the firm of Goodman & Piggot and produced a 
considerable number of portraits, etc., in Philadelphia. 

In 1822 Goodman abandoned engraving for the pro- 
fession of law, having been admitted to the Philadelphia 
bar on May 14, 1822. About the same time Robert Pig- 
got studied theology and became a clergyman. 


GRAHAM, A. W. 


Graham was born in England and studied engraving 
under Henry Meyer, a well-known London engraver. 
He came to the United States about 1832; and in 1884 
_ he engraved some excellent views for the “New York 
Mirror.” He engraved a few portraits at a later date; 
but his best work is to be found in the small plates exe- 
cuted for the Annuals of 1885-40. Graham was located 
in Philadelphia in 1838—40 and in 1844-45, according 
to the directories of that city: he was living in New York 
as late as 1869. 


GRAHAM, GEORGE 


Of this clever engraver in mezzotint and in stipple, 
little more is known than that he was seemingly located 
in Philadelphia in 1797, and was working for New York 
publishers in 1804; he designed and apparently engraved 
a frontispiece for the “Proceedings of the Society of the 
Cincinnati,” published in Boston in 1812, and he was 
again engraving in Philadelphia in 1818. 

A G. Graham is referred to in Nagler’s Lexicon as an 
engraver in the stipple manner, but this man was pub- 
lishing prints in London in 1799. 

109 


~ 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
GRAHAM, P. PURDON | 


This name, as engraver, is signed to a well-executed 
line-engraving of Cadwallader Colden; after a portrait 
painted by Matthew Pratt, and belonging to the Cham- 
ber of Commerce of New York. The work was probably 
done about 1870-75, but nothing more is known about 
the engraver. 


GRAY & TODD 


This firm was engraving diagrams and script-work in 
Philadelphia in 1817. 


GREENWOOD, JOHN 

Born in Boston, New England, Dec. 7, 1727; died at — 
Margate, England, Sept. 15, 1792. Greenwood was a 
son of Samuel Greenwood, of Boston, and his wife Mary 
(Charnock) Greenwood, and a nephew of Prof. Isaac 
Greenwood, of Harvard College. 

In 1752 he went to Surinam, seemingly in a clerical 
capacity, and from there he went to Holland. In Hol- 
land he learned to engrave in the mezzotint manner. In 
1763 he established himself in London as a painter and 
engraver of portraits, but in 1773 he abandoned art and 
became an auctioneer, in business at Haymarket and in 
Leicester Square. 

Greenwood is sometimes referred to as an early Ameri- 
can engraver; but there is no evidence that he ever prac- 
tised that art in this country. The portrait of Thomas 
Prince, engraved by Pelham in Boston in 1750, was 
painted by John Greenwood, and the statement that he 

110 


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learned to paint, as well as to engrave, in Holland, is un- 
founded. 

In 1760 he engraved in mezzotint a beautiful portrait 
of himself. 


GRIDLEY, ENOCH G. 


This engraver in both stipple and line was in business 
in New York in 1803-05 inclusive, and at a later date he 
was working for Philadelphia publishers. The latest date 
on any of his plates noted by the compiler is 1818. 


GROSS, J. 


This reputable engraver of portraits in stipple was 
working for the “National Portrait Gallery,” published 
in 1834; he was probably one of the group of engravers 
brought to Philadelphia by James B. Longacre. 

J. D. Gross was engraving portraits in mezzotint 
about the same time, but the work is so inferior in exe- 
cution to the stipple work of J. Gross, that it must be 
executed by anotherman. 


HAINES, D. 


D. Haines was an engraver of business-cards, etc., 
working in Philadelphia about 1820. 


HAINES, WILLIAM 


This excellent engraver of portraits, etc.,in the stipple 
manner, came from England to Philadelphia in 1802. 
He opened a studio at No. 178 Spruce Street, and ad- 
vertised that he painted portraits in water-colors “in a 
style entirely new in the United States”; and work of 

111 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


this description seen by the writer proves that Haines 
was a master of this branch of his art. He produced a 
number of good portrait plates for American publishers 
and he also drew for other engravers. Haines returned to 
England about 1809, as his name disappears from the 
Philadelphia directory of 1810; and a subject plate en- 
graved by “W. Haines” was published in London in 
1809. He was working in London for some years later 
than this. 


~HALBERT, A. 

Halbert was a nephew of J. F. K. Prud’homme and 
was probably a pupil of that engraver. In 1835 he was 
working for the Harper Bros. in New York, and in 1838 
he was in the employ of the engraving firm of Rawdon, 
Wright & Hatch, of the same city. Halbert was a good 
line-engraver of portraits and vignettes; as his signed 
plates are very few in number he was probably chiefly 
engaged in bank-note work. 


HALL, ALFRED BRYAN 

Born in Stepney, London, England, Nov. 18, 1842; 
living in New York in 1900. A. B. Hall was a son of H. 
B. Hall, Sr., and came to New York in 1851. After 
serving an apprenticeship of seven years with his father, 
he worked as an engraver with J. C. Buttre, H. Wright 
Smith, A. H. Ritchie and George E. Perine, all of New 
York. He was later a member of the firms of H.B. Hall 
& Sons and H. B. Hall Sons, until his retirement in 
1899. He engraved over his own name a number of por- 

112 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


traits, both large and small. He served for a time in the 
army, in the Civil War. 


HALL, ALICE 


Born at Halloway, London, England, Jan. 27, 1847; 
living in New York in 1900. She was a daughter of H. 
B. Hall, Sr., and while still young she evinced very con- 
siderable talent in drawing and etching. She etched por- 
traits of Washington, after Stuart and Trumbull, among 
other work; but illness in the family caused her to aban- 
don a profession in which she had made a promising be- 
ginning. — 


HALL, CHARLES BRYAN 


Born in Camden Town, London, Aug. 18, 1840; liv- 
ing in New York in 1906. C. B. Hall was the second son 
of H. B. Hall, Sr., and he came to New York in April, 
1851, and commenced his studies under his father. In 
1855 he was apprenticed to James Duthie, a landscape 
engraver then living in Morrisania, N. Y. Mr. Hall 
served for two years in the Civil War, and was discharged 
by reason of wounds and general disability. After work- 
ing about five years with George E. Perine, of New 
York, he started in business for himself as an engraver 
of portraits. Later, when the firm of H. B. Hall & Sons 
was established, it included H. B. Hall, Sr., H. B. Hall, 
Jr., C. B. Hall, and Alfred B. Hall. On the death of the 
father in 1884, the firm name was changed to H. B. Hall 
Sons, and Mr. E. H. Knight, a son-in-law of H. B. 
Hall, Sr., was a member until his death in 1896. After 

113 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


1899 Mr. C. B. Hall carried on the business alone. Mr. 
Hall has engraved a number of large portrait and sub- 
ject plates and has engraved and published portraits and 
sketches of a very large number of officers of the ev 
War, both Union and Confederate. 


HALL, GEORGE R. 

Born in London, England, in 1818; he was a brother 
of H. B. Hall, Sr. George R. Hall commenced engrav- 
ing under the tuition of his brother, and then worked in 
London and in Leipsic. He came to New York in 1854, 
and was first employed by Rawdon, Wright, Hatch & 
Co., and was later engraving over his own name for the 
Putnams and other New York publishers. 


HALL, HENRY BRYAN 


Born in London, England, March 11, 1808; died at 
Morrisania, N. Y., April 25, 1884. H. B. Hall was a 
pupil of the London engravers Benjamin Smith and 
Henry Meyer; and he was later employed by H. T. 
Ryall, Historical Engraver to the Queen, to execute the 
portrait work in the large plate of “The Coronation of 
Victoria,” after the painting by Sir George Hayter. Mr. 
Hall came to New York in 1850, and soon established a 
very extensive business as an engraver and publisher of 
portraits. He had very considerable ability as a portrait- 
painter, and while in London he painted a portrait of 
Napoleon III, among others; and among his portraits 
painted in the United States are those of Thomas Sully 
and C. L. Elliott. He painted miniatures on ivory, and 

114 | 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


etched a large number of portraits of men prominent in 
the Colonial and Revolutionary history of this country 
for a private club of New York and Philadelphia col- 
lectors. 


HALL, HENRY BRYAN, JR. 


Born in Camden Town, London, England; was living 
in New York in 1900. He came to New York with his 
father in 1850 and served his apprenticeship with his 
father. In 1858 he went to London and worked under 
Charles Knight for about one year, and then returned 
and established himself in the engraving business in New 
York. He served in the Civil War from 1861 until 1864, 
when he resigned with the grade of captain, as the result 
of a serious wound. He engraved many portraits of gen- 
erals and officers of the Civil War, and also a number of 
historical plates; but retired from business in 1899. 
Among his larger plates are “The Death of Lincoln,” 
and subjects after the paintings of J. G. Brown and 
other American artists. 


HALL, PETER 

Born in Birmingham, England, in 1828; died in 
Brooklyn, N. Y., July 5, 1895. Mr. Hall came to the 
United States in 1849 and learned to engrave in the New 
York establishment of the American Bank Note Com- 
pany. His special work was bank-note script engraving, 
in which he excelled. In 1886 he went into business in 
New York asa bank-note engraver; later the firm became 
Kihn & Hall, and is still in existence as Kihn Brothers. 
His son, Charles A. Hall, is now in the employ of the 

115 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


Bureau of Printing and Engraving, at Washington, 
D.C. 

A well-executed stipple portrait of Washington, after 
the portrait by Mrs. E. Sharpless, is signed as Engraved 
by P. Hall and appears as a frontispiece to the “Memoirs 
of Thaddeus Koseiusko,” by A. W. W. Evans, New 
York, 1883. This plate was probably engraved by some 
one then in the employ of Mr. Hall. | 


HALPIN, FREDERICK 

Born in Worcester, England, in 1805, and was the 
pupil of his father, an engraver for one of the Stafford- — 
shire potteries. About 1827 Frederick Halpin was lo- 
cated in London, engraving historical subjects and por- 
traits. He came to New York about 1842, and for a time 
was in the employ of Alfred Jones in that city. He was 
a good engraver of portraits and book illustrations in 
stipple. His name is sometimes signed to prints as F’. 
W. Halpin. . 


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HALPIN, JOHN 

This engraver was a brother of Frederick Halpin, and 
he was engraving in St. Petersburg, Russia, before he 
reached the United States, by way of Halifax. About 
1850 John Halpin was engraving landscapes and a few 
portraits for New York publishers. Some few years 
later he was employed by the Ladies Repository and the 
Methodist Book Concern, both of Cincinnati, O. 


HAMLIN, WILLIAM 


Born in Providence, R. I., Oct. 15, 1772; died there 
116 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


Noy. 22, 1869; he was the fifth in direct descent from 
Giles Hamlin, an early settler in Middletown, Conn. In 
the early part of the last century many merchant vessels 
were owned in Providence; and as the trade with Afri- 
can, Chinese, and West Indian ports was quite extensive, 
Mr. Hamlin established himself in business as a manu- 
facturer and repairer of sextants, quadrants, and such 
other nautical, optical, and mathematical instruments as 
were used by the navigator. 

As engraving upon metal was part of his business he 
began experimenting upon copper; and his business- 
card of a later date adds to his business proper that of 
“Engraving & Copperplate Printing.” He was then 
located at the “Sign of the Quadrant, No. 131 S. Water 
St., Providence, R. 1.” 

As an engraver Mr. Hamlin made his own tools and 
worked practically without instruction. His plates show 
a somewhat weak mixture of mezzotint and stipple, fre- 
quently worked over with the roulette. Good impres- 
sions of his plates, however, show that he made the best 
of his limited opportunities. 

Mr. Hamlin saw Gen. Washington, on one of his vis- 
its to the Eastern States, and the impression made upon 
the engraver was so strong that his most important plates 
and his last work have Washington for their subject. 
Considering the Savage portrait as the best likeness, he 
followed that artist in his several portraits of Washing- 
ton; but he also held Houdon’s bust in high esteem and 
in his ninety-first year he engraved Washington after 
that sculptor. This was his last plate. 

Besides the portraits noted in the Hamlin check-list he 

117 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


engraved quite a number of book illustrations. Person- 
ally Mr. Hamlin was a very retiring man, extremely 
modest, and very courteous. 


HAMM, PHINEAS E. 


The name of P. E. Hamm, “engraver,” appears in the 
Philadelphia directories for 1825-27, inclusive; until 
1839 the same name and address are given, with “coal- 
dealer” as the occupation; and in 1840—45 Phineas E. 
Hamm was the assistant city treasurer of Philadelphia. 

The engraved work so signed is usually in line, though 
he executed a few good portraits in stipple. 


HAMMOND, J. T. 


Hammond was a good line-engraver of landscape and 
subject plates in 1839. In that year he was employed in 
Philadelphia, but he seems to have later removed to St. 
Louis, Mo. 


HANKS, O. G. 


Hanks was born in Troy, N. Y., and in 1838 he was 
learning to engrave in the establishment of Rawdon, 
Wright & Hatch, in New York. He was a capital line- 
engraver, both of portraits and landscape, and was prob- 
ably chiefly employed by the bank-note companies. He 
died about 1865, says Mr. Alfred Jones. 


HARRIS, JAMES 
A. line-engraving of a Madonna, well executed and 
published about 1850, is signed Ja’s Harris, Engraver, 
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58 Nassau Street (New York). No other plates of this 
engraver have been seen. 


HARRIS, SAMUEL 


Born in Boston, Mass., May, 1783; was drowned in 
the Charles River, while bathing, on July 7, 1810. The 
“Polyanthos,” Boston, 1812, published a memoir of Sam- 
uel Harris, and from this we learn that he was appren- 
ticed at an early age to his relative, the Boston engraver, 
Samuel Hill; and the first portrait executed by Harris 
appeared in the “Polyanthus” for 1806. 

Harris showed a wonderful aptitude for acquiring 
languages; and by patient effort and hard work he gained 
some considerable knowledge of the languages of the 
Continent and the East. His ability in this direction at- 
tracted the attention of some citizens of Boston, and by 
their aid Harris was enabled to enter the junior class at 
Harvard College in 1808. His death occurred while he 
was still at Harvard, and a Mr. Cranston, a fellow stu- 
dent, delivered a eulogy on Harris in the college chapel. 

As an engraver Harris worked both in line and in stip- 
ple, and his plates possess some merit and show great 
promise. 


HARRISON, CHARLES 
Charles Harrison, in 1840, was working as a letter en- 
graver in New York; in 1900 he was still employed in 
this capacity by the American Bank Note Co., of New 
York. : 3 
119 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


HARRISON, CHARLES P. 

Born in England in 1788; was living in 1850. C. P. 
Harrison was the son of Wm. Harrison, Sr., and was 
brought to Philadelphia by his father in 1794. He was 
probably a pupil of his father in engraving. From 1806 
until 1819 he was in business in Philadelphia as a cop- 
perplate printer; but in 1820—22 Harrison combined 
“engraving” with his printing establishment. In 1823 he 
was in business in New York; he remained nee until 
1850 and possibly later. 

There is some very good line work signed by C. P. 
Harrison; but his stipple portrait work is inferior in exe- 
cution. He also attempted portrait- painting, with very 
indifferent success. 

Charles P. Harrison was the father of Gabriel Harri- 
son, the actor and author, born in Philadelphia in 1818 
and living in 1894. 


HARRISON, DAVID R. 


This bank-note engraver was for many years in the 
employ of the American Bank Note Co.; and he con- 
tinued to engrave until he was nearly ninety years of age. 


HARRISON, RICHARD 

The name of “Richard Harrison, engraver” appears 
in the Philadelphia directories in 1820—22, inclusive, 
along with that of Richard G. Harrison, noted below. 
Previous to that time, or in 1814, he was engraving line 
frontispieces, etc., for F. Lucas & J. mae a, publish- 
ing firm of Baltimore, Md. 

120 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
HARRISON, RICHARD G. 


This line-engraver was probably one of the “several 
sons” of Wm. Harrison, Sr., who came to Philadelphia 
in 1794. R.G. Harrison was engraving for the “Port 
Folio” in 1814, and possibly earlier than that for S. F. 
- Bradford’s Philadelphia edition of the Edinburgh Ency- 
clopeedia, of 1805-18. After 1822 he is called “bank- 
note engraver” in the Philadelphia directories, and in 
this capacity his name appears there continuously until 
1845. 3 


HARRISON, RICHARD G., JR. 


This younger R. G. Harrison was a mezzotint en- 
graver working in Philadelphia about 1860-65, chiefly 
upon portraits. 


HARRISON, SAMUEL 


Westcott, in his “History of Philadelphia,” says that 
Samuel Harrison was a son of William Harrison; was a 
pupil in engraving with his father before 1810, and died 
on July 18, 1818, aged twenty-nine years. ‘The only ex- 
ample of his work seen is a good line map of Lake On- 
tario and Western New York, engraved in 1809. 


HARRISON, WILLIAM 

Born in England; died in Philadelphia, Oct. 18, 1803. 
William Harrison is said to have been a grandson of 
John Harrison, the inventor of the chronometer. He 
learned to engrave in London, and was for a time in the 
employ of the Bank of England; he also engraved maps 
for the Kast India Company. | 

121 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


In 1794 Wm. Harrison came to Philadelphia “with 
several sons” under an engagement to engrave for the 
Bank of Pennsylvania. He remained there until his 
death. 

The following announcement of the death of the elder 
Harrison, in “Poulson’s Advertiser,” Philadelphia, Oct. 
19, 1808, is interesting in combining praise of the dead 
with a recommendation of the living engraver—his son. 

“Died, on the 18th. of the prevailing fever, Mr. Wil- 
liam Harrison, Senr., late engraver to many of the prin- 
cipal Banks in the United States. In the relative duties 
of a citizen, husband and friend, Mr. Harrison was social, 
affectionate and sincere; as a father, his worth is best ex- — 
pressed by the dignified grief of a widowed mother, and 
several children. In that branch of the’art which em- 
ployed the talents of this gentleman he stood preémi- 
nent;his productions are marked with the strength and ac- 
curacy of science beautified by the description of a chaste 
and masterly hand. 'The advancement of the polite arts, 
as it marks the progress of refinement in national taste, 
is interesting to every American gentleman. For this 
reason, while we regret the loss which science sustains by 
a deprivation of matured genius, we enjoy a satisfaction 
in being able to recommend to the patrons of the fine arts, 
Mr. Harrison, Jun., an artist whose degree of execution 
as an engraver has raised him to a superior eminence in 
the line of his profession.” 


HARRISON, WILLIAM, JR. 
This son of William Harrison was engraving in line 
in Philadelphia as early as 1797, signing himself W. 
122 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


Harrison, Junior Sculpt. As an engraver his name ap- 
pears in the Philadelphia directories for 1802-19, in- 
clusive. He was a good portrait engraver in line, and 
also worked in stipple. Very little of his signed work is 
seen, and he was probably chiefly employed by the bank- 
note engraving companies. 


HARRISON, WILLIAM F. 


This excellent letter engraver was in the employ of 
New York bank-note companies in 1831—40. 


HARTMAN, C. 


Hartman was a very clever line-engraver of portraits, 
working, about 1850—55, for J. C. Buttre and other New 
York print publishers. 


HATCH, GEORGE WwW. 


Born, about 1805, in Western New York; died at 
Dobbs’ Ferry, N. Y., in 1867. Mr. Hatch was one of the 
first students in the National Academy of Design in 
1826, and for a time he was a pupil of A. B. Durand. 
He was a good line-engraver, and in 1830 he was de- 
signing and engraving bank-note vignettes in Albany 
and in New York City. While he engraved portraits, 
landscape plates, and subject plates for the “Annuals,” 
his signed work is not plentiful. He was a member of the 
firm of Rawdon, Wright, Hatch & Smillie, was one of 
the founders of the American Bank Note Co., and he 
was president of that company in 1863-66. 

A large and well-engraved portrait of Washington 

123 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


Irving, published in the ““New York Mirror” in 1882, is 
signed Engraved by Hatch & Smillie. 


HATCH, L. J. 


L. J. Hatch was a bank-note engraver in the employ 
of the Treasury Department, at Washington, D. C., 
about 1875. 


HAVELL, ROBERT 


Havell was born in England; was instructed in his art 
in that country and was engraving in aquatint in London 
as early as 1815. He came to New York about 1840, un- 
der an engagement to make the plates for the smaller and 
popular edition of Audubon’s “Birds of America,” pub- 
lished in New York in 1844. He worked at Sing Sing 
on the Hudson; and while in this country he executed in 
aquatint a series of large and capital views of American 
cities, and also designed plates for other engravers. 


HAY, DE WITT CLINTON 


Born in or near Saratoga, N. Y.; and in 1850 he was 
an apprentice with Rawdon, Wright, Hatch & Smillie, 
in New York. He devoted himself to bank-note engrav- 
ing as a member of the firm of Wellstood, Hanks, Hay 
& Whiting, of New York. | 

No plates signed by Hay as engraver have been seen 
by the compiler; but Mr. Alfred Jones says that Hay en- 
graved the small Annual plate of “The Oaken Bucket,” 
after the painting by Frederick S. Agate; this plate is 
signed by his employers— Rawdon, Hatch & Smillie. 

124 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
HAY, WILLIAM 


This line-engraver of buildings and subjects was work- 
ing in Philadelphia from 1819 to 1824. 


HAY, WILLIAM H. 


This name is signed to plates found in C. G. Childs’ 
“Views of Philadelphia,” published in 1828. Both this 
man and the William Hay noted above were line-engrav- 
ers of similar subjects and about contemporaneous. 
There is enough difference in their style of work, how- 
ever, to encourage the belief that they were different men. 


HENRY, JOHN 

The name of “John Henry, engraver,” appears in the 
Philadelphia directory for the one year of 1798, and he 
was engraving well-executed business-cards in that city. 
In 1818 he was working for Baltimore publishers; and 
in 1828 he was engraving the illustrations for Madame 
Mothe Guion’s “Die Heilige Liebe Gottes,” published in 
Lancaster, Pa. He may have been some connection of 
William Henry, of Lancaster, Member of the Conti- 
nental Congress and prominent in Revolutionary affairs 
in that section; and in support of this suggestion we find 
that a John Henry was a pupil at the Franklin College, 
in Lancaster, in 1787. 


HERBERT, LAWRENCE 
The “Pennsylvania Gazette,” Oct. 16, 1748, contains 
the following advertisement: “Engraving on Gold, Sil- 
ver, Copper or Pewter, done by Lawrence Herbert, from 
London, at Philip Syng’s, Goldsmith, in Front Street.” 
125 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


In 1751, Herbert apparently left Philadelphia, as on 
August 1 of that year he requests persons having any 
demands upon him to present them at the home of Peter 
David, in Second Street, Philadelphia. 


HEWITT, —— 


This engraver was working for the “Port Folio” and 
other Philadelphia magazines about 1820. He was an 
engraver of landscape in line. 

J. HEwIrT is noted as an engraver of music, published 
in New York, but without indication of date. 


HILL, JAMES 


In 1808 James Hill engraved some crude Bible illus- 
trations published in Charlestown, Mass. He also en- 
graved a large plate of the “Resurrection of a Pious 
Family,” after the painting by the English clergyman, 
Rev. William Peters. This was published in Boston, 
without date; but the copy of this print sold in the Clark 
sale, Boston, 1901, shows a watermark of “1792” in the 
paper; though this paper may be older than the impres- 
sion. It is executed in stipple, and a large plate of the 
same subject was engraved by Thomas Clarke and pub- 
lished in New York in 1797. 


HILL, JOHN 


Born in London in 1770; died at West Nyack, N. Y., 
in 1850. John Hill engraved in aquatint a considerable 
number of plates published in London, the best of these 
being a series of views after the paintings of J. M. W. 

126 ? 


BENJAMIN FRA 


CHARLES WILLSO} 


ene 
7 


ee ae’ es 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


Turner, Loutherberg, and others. Hill came to New 
York in the summer of 1816, but soon removed to Phila- 
delphia, and remained there until 1824. He livedin New 
York from 1824 until 1839. The first plates executed in 
the United States by Hill were his small magazine plates 
of Haddrill’s Point and York Springs, Pa. He later is- 
sued his American drawing-books, with colored plates; 
but his best work is found in “The Landscape Album,” 
. a series of large aquatint plates of American scenery, 
after the paintings by Joshua Shaw, and published by 
Hill and Shaw in Philadelphia in 1820. His “Hudson 
River Port Folio” is an equally good series of still larger 
plates; these views on the Hudson were aquatinted by 
Hill after paintings by W. G. Wall. One of his late 
plates was a large view of Broadway, New York, pub- 
lished in 1836. He seems to have retired from active work 
soon after this date. 


HILL, JOHN HENRY 

John Henry Hill was a son of J. W. Hill and was 
born in 1889 and is still living. He is an etcher of land- 
scape. 


HILL, JOHN WILLIAM 
John William Hill was a son of John Hill, born in: 
England in 1812 and died in this country in 1879. He 
did some aquatint work; the best being a view of Blan- 
ford Church, Petersburg, Va., published in 1848. J. W. 
Hill later turned his attention to landscape painting in 
water-colors, and achieved considerable reputation. He 
also drew upon stone for the lithographers. | 

127 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


HILL, SAMUEL 

As early as 1789 Samuel Hill was engraving in Bos- 
ton, and he made many portraits and early American 
views for the “Massachusetts Magazine,’ published in 
that city. In 1803 Hill engraved some Bible plates for 
the New York publisher, William Durell. In Russell’s 
Gazette, Boston, Feb. 14, 1794, Samuel Hill advertises 
as engraver and copperplate printer, with a shop at No. 


2 Cornhill. 


HILLER, J., JR. 

A close copy of the Joseph Wright etching of Wash- 
ington (Hart 140) is signed J. Hiller Jwr Sculp. 1794. 
This Hiller portrait has only appeared on the back of 
playing cards and the few copies known all come fxain 
New England. 

It is possible that this J. Hiller, Jr.;was Joseph Hiller, 
Jr., son of Major Joseph Hiller, an officer in the Revo- 
lution and the collector of customs at Salem, Mass., in 
1789-1802. The younger Hiller was born in Salem, 
June 21, 1777; and the “Cleveland Genealogy” says that 
he was lost overboard from a ship off the Cape of Good 
Hope Aug. 22,1795. If these dates are correct he would 
only have been about seventeen years of age at the time 
the portrait was produced. | 

The etching is well done for one so young. The 
“Essex Institute Collections,” in speaking of Major 
Hiller, says that he was “a man of great mechanical in- 
genuity’”’; and the son may have added artistic ability to 
this inherited talent, or he may have been assisted 1 in the 
etching by his father. 

128 


| BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
HILLS, J. H. | 
This line-engraver was working at his profession in 
Burlington, Vt., about 1845-50. Though his plates pos- 
sess considerable merit, his lack of business ability inter- 
fered with his success, and he abandoned engraving. 


HINGSTON, —— 


Hingston was a line-engraver of bill-heads and work 
of that description, apparently working in Georgetown, 
near Washington, D. C., as he signs his plates Hingston 
ft.,G. Town. One of his plates is a bill-head for the City 
Hotel of Alexandria, Va. The work appears to belong 
to the first quarter of the last century. 


HINMAN, D. C. 

This capital engraver of portraits in stipple was work- 
ing about 1830-35; both over his own name and as a 
member of the firm of Daggett, Hinman & Co., of New 
Haven, Conn. 


HINSCHELWOOD, ROBERT 

Born in Edinburgh in 1812; was living after 1860. 
Hinschelwood was a pupil of James and John John- 
stone, engravers of Edinburgh, and he studied drawing 
under Sir William Allen. He came to the United States 
about 1835, and was employed as a landscape engraver 
by the Harpers and other New York publishers. He also 
worked for the Ladies Repository, of Cincinnati, about 
1855, and was later a long time in the employ of the Con- 
tinental Bank Note Co., of New York. 

Hinschelwood married a sister of James Smillie, and 

129 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


many of his landscape plates are engraved after Smillie’s 
drawings. 


HOBART, ELIJAH 


Born in England; was killed in battle during the Civil 
War of 1861-65. As early as 1845 Hobart was engrav- 
ing in Albany and in New York. He was a good line- 
engraver of portraits, and was at one time apparently in 
the employ of Joseph Andrews, as we find plates en- 
graved by Hobart under the “direction of that engraver. 
The most ambitious work of this engraver found by the 
writer is a folio line-plate of “The Landing of the Pil- 
grims,” dedicated to the Pilgrims Society at Plymouth 
and published by Hobart in 1850, apparently in Boston, 
Mass. 


HOLLYER, SAMUEL 


Born in London in 1826; living in 1906 at Hudson 
Heights, near Guttenberg, N. J. Mr. Hollyer was a 
pupil of the Findens in London. He came to the United 
States in 1851; but he twice returned to England for 
periods of two and six years, and finally settled in this 
country in 1866. Besides engraving, Mr. Hollyer was 
engaged here at different times in lithography, photog- 
raphy, and the publishing business. 

He is an excellent engraver in both line and in stipple, 
and has produced a large number of portraits, land- 
scapes, and historical subjects. Among his larger and 
best plates are “The Flaw in the Title’; “Charles Dick- 
ens in his Study,” and “The Gleaner.” Heis still actively 
engaged in engraving. 

130 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
HOOGLAND, WILLIAM 


Hoogland was an admirable engraver in both line and 
stipple. He appears in New York about 1815 as the de- 
signer and engraver of vignettes. In 1826 he was work- 
ing with Abel Bowen, in Boston, and among his pupils 
there were John Cheney and Joseph Andrews. In 1841 
he was again located in business in New York. Hoog- 
land was one of the early American bank-note en- 
gravers. 


HOOKER, WILLIAM 


As early as 1805 Hooker was engraving in Philadel- 
phia, and in 1810 he was one of the organizers of the Phil- 
adelphia Society of Artists. In 1816 he removed to New 
York and his name appears in the directories of that city 
until 1840. His occupation is generally given as “en- 
graver’; but he also appears as “map-publisher” and as 
“instrument maker and chart-seller to the U. S. Navy.” 
The “New Pocket Plan of New York,” of 1817, is 
“Drawn, engraved, published and sold” by Hooker. — 

Hooker engraved a few portraits in stipple and sub- 
_ject plates in line; but he seems to have been chiefly em- 
ployed in map engraving. 


HOPKINS, DANIEL 
This man engraved the music and words for “The 
Rudiments of Music, etc.,” by Andrew Law, A.M., 
author of “Select Harmony,” ete. The book is dated in 
1788, and it was published in Cheshire, Conn. | 
181 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
HOPPIN, THOMAS FREDERICK 


Born in Providence, R. I., Aug. 15, 1816; Hoppin 
studied art in Philadelphia, and with Delaroche in Paris. 
In 1837 he opened a studio in New York as a designer 
for the publishers of that city. Two etchings published 
by the American Art Union in 1848 and 1850 seem to be 
the only work of this artist upon copper. These are en- 
titled “The Escape of Captain Wharton” and “The 
Rescue of Captain John Smith.” Both are designed by 
Hoppin, and in the etching he attempted the decided out- 
lines of some of the early masters, at the expense, how- 
ever, of delicacy and finish. 


\ 


HORNER, T. 
About 1844 Horner was living at Sing Sing, N. Y., 


and he there engraved a large “View of New York from 
Brooklyn,” published by W. Neale, of New York. 


HORTON, | 

Horton was engraving portraits in stipple and views 
in line in 1830-835 for Philadelphia and Baltimore pub- 
lishers. | 


HOULTON, J. 

A poorly designed and roughly engraved heading to a 
certificate of the Charitable Marine Society, of Balti- 
more, is signed J. Houlton Sculpt. As the certificate is 
filled out in 1797, it must have been engraved prior to 
that date. The design shows Columbia handing a book 
to a sailor, with a harbor, ship in full sail, lighthouse, etc., 

132 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


in the background. The plate is further nese I. Kemel- 
meyer Delin’t. 


HOUSH, 'TIMOTHY 

House was a bank-note engraver, of Newtonville, 
Mass., chiefly employed in Boston. He engraved a few 
portraits for book publishers, and he seemed to be work- 
ing as early as 1836. He died about 1865. 


HOUSTON, H. H. 

Houston was one of the earliest really good stipple-en- 
gravers of portraits who worked in the United States. 
He probably came here from Ireland, as the “Hibernian 
Magazine,” of Dublin, contains portraits very similar in 
execution to his known work and signed H. Houston. 

Houston appears in Philadelphia in 1796; and as his 
latest dated work was done in 1798, his stay here was a 
comparatively short one. He engraved two separate 
plates of John Adams, and portraits of Washington, 
Rittenhouse, Kemble as Richard III, Kosciusko, ete. 

The first state of the John Adams plate published in 
Philadelphia in 1797 is lettered H. H. Houston, Sculp’. 
Another plate is signed H. I. Houston, but H. Houston ~ 
is his more usual signature. 


HOWE, Z. 

This name, as Z. Howe Sc’t, is signed to a poorly en- 
graved figure of a man used as a denied eas to “A New 
Collection of Sacred Harmony, etc.,” by Oliver Brown- 
son, Simsbury, Conn., 1797. ‘The music in this collection 
is also doubtless engraved by Howe. 

133 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


HUMPHREYS, F. 


FI’. Humphreys was a capital engraver of portraits and 
subject plates in both mezzotint and in line. He was 
employed in 1850—58 by the Methodist Book Concern, of 
Cincinnati, Ohio. 


HUMPHRYS, WILLIAM 

Mr. Baker, in his “American Engravers,” says that 
William Humphrys was born in Dublin in 1794, and died 
in Genoa, Italy, June 21, 1865. He adds that he learned 
to engrave with George Murray in Philadelphia; went 
to England in 1823; returned to this country in 1843, 
and in 1845 again went abroad to remain there for the 
rest of his life. Mr. Baker credits him with numerous 
small Annual plates, but says that he was principally en- 
gaged in bank-note engraving. 

From the evidence of plates so signed, this brief sketch 
seems to be generally correct, though he probably did not 
leave Philadelphia quite as early as Mr. Baker believes. 
In the encyclopedia published by S. F. Bradford, Phila- 
delphia, 1805-18, we find plates of a simple character 
signed “Humphrys Sculp’t.” As George Murray also 
engraved for this edition, the plates mentioned may be 
the work of his apprentice. In 1823 W. Humphrys was 
engraving portraits in Philadelphia in conjunction with 
J. Nesmith; and about 1825 we have a beautifully en- 
graved business-card of “W. Humphrys, Engraver of 
History, Landscape, etc. Philadelphia.” 

In 1826 plates were engraved by W. Humphrys in 
London, and published in that city, after designs by C. 
R. Leslie. Mr. Alfred Jones says that he met William 

134 


CTE AIO CO Bee IEC L OT ae EE 


Shela sgh oes nee ce 
. Sainted &Sngvaved be FE Savaae 


GENERAL GEORGE WASHING TON. 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


-_ Humphrys in London about 1846, and he was there 
known as the “American Engraver.” At that date Hum- 
phrys was a man about fifty years of age, which would 
closely agree with the date of birth given by Mr. Baker. 
The name of Humphrys is signed to a considerable 
number of admirable line vignettes and small magazine 
plates. The portrait of General Israel Putnam, appear- 
ing in the “National Portrait Gallery” of 1834, is a most 
excellent piece of stipple work, and is signed as engraved 
by “W. Humphreys.” This may be another man, as the 
“American engraver’ W. Humphrys worked in line. 


HUNT, SAMUEL VALENTINE 

Born in Norwich, England, Feb. 14, 1803; died at 
Bay Ridge, N. Y., in 1898. Mr. Baker says that Hunt 
was originally a taxidermist and was a self-taught artist 
and engraver. He came to the United States in 1834, 
and was then an excellent line-engraver of landscape. 
He worked for New York and Cincinnati publishing 
houses. 


HUNTINGTON, E. 


In 1828 E. Huntington engraved in line the maps, 
diagrams, and a series of small American views appear- 
ing in a school atlas published in New York, though each 
plate is copyrighted in Connecticut in 1828-30. He was 
in business in Hartford, Conn. 


HURD, E. 


FE. Hurd was a line-engraver of buildings, etc., work- 
ing about 1840. His work possesses very little merit and 
the compiler has been unable to locate him. 

135 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


HURD, NATHANIEL 3 
Born in Boston, Mass., Feb. 18, 1730; died there, Dec. 
17, 1777. Nathaniel Hurd was the son of Jacob Hurd 
and Elizabeth, the only daughter of John Mason, of 
Kingston, Jamaica. He was a lineal descendant of John 
Hurd, who settled in Charlestown in 1639. In the “Bos- 
ton Gazette,” of April 28, 1760, Hurd advertises his 
business as follows: “Nathaniel Hurd Informs his Cus- 
tomers he has remov’d his shop from MacCarty’s corner, 
on the Exchange, to the Back Part of the opposite Brick 
Building where Mr. Ezekiel Price Kept his Office. 
Where he continues to do all sorts of Goldsmith’s Work. 
Likewise engraves in Gold, Silver, Copper, Brass and 
Steel, in the neatest Manner, and at reasonable Rates.”’ 
But Hurd was engraving upon copper at an earlier date 
than this, as a book-plate of 'Thomas Dering is noted as 
engraved by Hurd in 1749. In 1762 he engraved a rare 
caricature portrait of Dr. Seth Hudson, a notorious char- 
acter; and in 1764, a portrait of the Rev. Joseph Sewall. 
With these exceptions, and a Masonic notice engraved 
about 1764, numerous book-plates constitute the known 

engravings of Nathaniel Hurd. 

The only early published record of Hurd is found in 
the “New England Magazine,” Vol. III, Boston, 1882. 
This article is illustrated by a lithographic portrait of 
Hurd, said to have been made from a mezzotint engraved 
by “a man by the name of Jennings,” after a painting by 
J.S. Copley, then (1882) in the possession of a descend- 
ant living in Medford, Mass. For further particulars of 
this “Jennings” see the sketch of Richard Jennys, Jr. 

As showing the varied character of the work performed 

136 | 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


by this early American engraver, we have the following 
bill, preserved in the Thomas Addis Emmet manuscripts, 
in the Lenox Library: 
| “Boston, June 16, 1773 
“Thos. Fayerweather Esq., to Nat. Hurd, Dr. 
“To taking out Crest from Salts & putting in 


New £1. 4.— 

To Mend’g Sauce pan & can 12.— 

_To Large Crest on Sauce pan 12.— 
To taking out Arms from Coffee pott and 

yr arms in 2. 5.— 


QO. tenor £4.13.— 
‘Received the above in full. 
“Nath. Hurd.” 


HUTT, JOHN 

In Rivington’s “New York Gazette,’ for June 9, 
1774, we find the following: “John Hutt, Engraver in 
general, from London, at Mr. Hewitt’s directly opposite 
the Merchants Coffee House, in Dock Street, New York, 
Engraves— Coats of Arms, Crests, Seals and Cyphers, 
Bills of Exchange, Bills of Lading, Shop Bills, Bills of 
Parcels, Card Plates, Hat do., Watch do. etc., Archi- 
tecture, Frontispieces, Door-plates, Compliment Cards, 
Plate, Dog-Collars, etc., Stamps, ete. Gentlemen dis- 

posed to employ him may depend on the utmost neatness 
_and dispatch.” 

In the “New York Mercury,” Sept. 8, 1774, Hutt ad- 
vertises that he had set up a press for copperplate print- 
ing “by means of which he will be enabled to execute 

137 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


every piece of engraving he is favored with, in a more 
expeditious and reasonable manner.” 

The only examples of Hutt’s work known to the com- 
piler are some book-plates and a few diagrams engraved 
in connection with John Norman and published in Phila- 
delphia in 1775. 


HUTTON, ISAAC ann GEORGE 

This firm of jewelers and silversmiths, of Albany, 
N. Y., about 1796, made dies for seals; one for the Union 
University, at Schenectady, N. Y. But as this firm em- 
ployed engravers—among these Gideon F'airman, about 
1795—the actual work was probably done by some one 
in their employ. 


HUTTON, J. 


A. fairly well-engraved line plate of a battle scene is 
signed J. Hutton, Sc’t Alb’y. The print was apparently 
made about 1825—30, but no other work by Hutton is 
known. 


ILLMAN, THOMAS 


Illman was born in England, and was engraving in 
London in 1824. About six years later he came to New 
York, and at once formed the engraving firm of [Iman 
& Pilbrow; and the office of this firm was on Hudson St., 
near St. Luke’s Church, until 1836. Thomas Iman en- 
graved a considerable number of portraits and views over 
his own name, and as many more were issued under the 
firm name of Ijman & Pilbrow. He worked in stipple 
and in mezzotint and was a good engraver. 

138 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


ILLMAN Sons, about 1845, engraved portraits for both 
New York and Philadelphia publishers. 

IttmMAn Bros. established an engraving business in 
Philadelphia which is still in existence. 

H. Inuman and G. IxtmMan, who were probably the 
above “sons,” separately signed portraits and subject 
plates engraved about 1855-60. 


JACKMAN, W.G. 


Jackman was born in England and came to the United 
States about 1841. He established himself in business in 
New York and was largely employed by the Harpers, 
Putnams, and Appletons, publishers of that city. He 
was a very good engraver of portraits and subject plates, 
in both line and stipple; he also did some portrait work in 
mezzotint for Harper & Bros. 


JACKSON, —— 

A very poorly engraved line plate is so signed as en- 
graver. The plate represents “Capt. William Mason in 
the Magazine, Fort Niagara, Sept. 1826.” | 


JARVIS, JOHN WESLEY 


Born in South Shields, England,in 1780; died in New 
York, Jan. 14, 1839. About 1785 Jarvis was brought to 
Philadelphia by his father, who was mate of a sailing 
ship. He was later apprenticed to Edward Savage to 
learn engraving. David Edwin was then in the employ of 
Savage, and Jarvis says that Edwin taught him to draw 
and to engrave. Jarvis went to New York with 
Savage and Edwin; and the New York directory of 1805 

139 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


contains the name of “J. Jarvis, engraver and drawing 
school, 28 Frankfort St.”” The only plates known to the 
compiler as executed by Jarvis are a mezzotint portrait 
of David Rittenhouse and a portrait of the Rev. John 
W. Livingston. 

Jarvis did not introduce the W. into his name until 
1816, when the name appears in New York as “J. W. 
Jarvis, portrait painter.” He is said to have been a 
nephew of the eminent divine John Wesley. The further 
career of Jarvis as a reputable and popular painter of 
portraits is well known. 

While Jarvis was in New York he published the prints 
of other engravers: notably that of Robert R. Living- 
ston, published in 1804 and engraved by George Graham. 


JENCKES, JOSEPH | 

Born in Colbrooke, England, in 1602; died in what is 
now Saugus, Mass., March 16, 1683. In 1642 Jenckes 
was induced to come from Hammersmith to establish the 
first “foundry and forge” in the American Colonies. In 
1652 a mint was established in Boston for the coining of 
silver, and Jenckes, at the Lynn iron-works, made the 
dies for the “Pine tree Shilling,” the first coin used in 
this country. Jenckes built in 1654 the first fire-engine 
made in this country; invented the grass-scythe still in 
common use; made machinery for ‘wire-drawing, and 
made many other improvements in tools and machinery. 


JENNYS, RICHARD, JR. 
A well-executed mezzotint portrait of Rev. Jonathan 
Mayhew is signed by Richard Jennys, Jr., as engraver. 
140 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


It was published in Boston about 1774 and was “Printed 
& Sold by Nat. Hurd, Engraver, on ye Exchange.” 

This Richard Jennys is doubtless the “Jennings”’ re- 
ferred to in the “New England Magazine,” of July, 
1832, as the engraver of a mezzotint portrait of Nathaniel 
Hurd, after a painting by Copley, which served as the 
original for a lithographic portrait of Hurd contained in 
that magazine. The plate of Dr. Mayhew shows a direct 
business connection between Jennys and Hurd; and it is 
_ thus probable that he engraved the portrait of Hurd re- 
ferred to. No such portrait, saa has ever been found 
by the compiler. 

Dunlap, in copying the error of the “New England 
Magazine,” says that this engraver returned to England 
at the outbreak of the Revolution. 


JEWETT, CHARLES A. 

Born in Lancaster, Mass., in 1816; died in New York 
in 1878. This good line-engraver of subject plates was 
engraving in New York in 1838. He later removed to 
Cincinnati, O., and about 1853 he was conducting an ex- 
tensive engraving business in that city. In 1860 he was 
again located in New York. 


JOCELYN, NATHANIEL 
Born in New Haven, Conn., Jan. 31, 1796; died there 
Jan. 13, 1881. Nathaniel Jocelyn was the son of a watch- 
maker and he thoroughly mastered that business. At the 
age of eighteen years he was apprenticed to an engraver, 
and when he was twenty-one he entered into partnership 
with Tisdale, Danforth and Willard in the Hartford - 
141 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


Graphic and Bank Note Engraving Company; he later, 
with Mr. Danforth, virtually founded the National 
Bank Note Engraving Company. Jocelyn’s chief work 
in this firm was letter engraving; though as early as 1816 
he engraved in line a plate for “The Naval Monument,” 
published by Abel Bowen. 

Dissatisfied with engraving, Jocelyn gave it up in 1820 
and became a painter of portraits, and exhibited at the 
National Academy in 1826. He went abroad with S. F. 
B. Morse in 1829-30, and became a meritorious portrait- 
painter. He was made an Academician of the National 
Academy on May 138, 1846. 


JOCEKLYN, SIMEON S. 


Born in New Haven, Conn., Nov. 21, 1799; died in 
Tarrytown, N. Y., Aug. 17,1879. S.S. Jocelyn was en- 
graving line portraits in New Haven, after drawings by 
N. Jocelyn, as early as 1824; and in 1827 the engraving 
firm of N. & S. S. Jocelyn was in business in that city. 
S. S. Jocelyn and S. B. Munson were also associated as 
engravers. Later, Simeon S. Jocelyn, who had been in-. 
terested in the cause of the negro as early as 1831, aban- 
doned engraving and became prominent in the antisla- 
very movement. 


JOHNSON, DAVID G. 


Was a painter and a line-engraver of portraits and 
views of little merit, who was working in New York in 
1831-35, and again in 1845. 

142 


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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
JOHNSON, W. T. 


Engraved subject plates for “Sartain’s Magazine” 
about 1850. : 


JOHNSTON, DAVID CLAYPOOLE 

Born in Philadelphia, March, 1797; died at Dorches- 
ter, Mass., Nov. 8, 1865. In 1815 Johnston was a pupil 
of the Philadelphia engraver Francis Kearny; and in 
1819 he was in business for himself etching caricatures of 
Philadelphia celebrities. The complaints of some of his 
victims finally became so loud that the publishers and 
print-sellers declined to handle his plates. 

Johnston then abandoned engraving for thestage, mak- 
ing his debut as an actor, in 1821, as Henry in “Speed 
the Plough,” at the Walnut St. Theater in Philadel- 
phia. In 1825 an engagement at the Boston Theater took 
him to that city; and at the end of the season he again 
took up engraving and located himself permanently in 
Boston. ; 

Johnston engraved a few good portraits in stipple and 
some line illustrations for the Boston publishers, and he 
also drew upon stone for lithographers. But he is best 
known by his annual publication of “Scraps,” first issued 
in 1880. This Annual was usually made up of four to six 
sheets, each containing from nine to twelve small etched 
caricatures of local, social, or political significance, both 
designed and etched by Johnston. The character and 
general excellence of these etchings gained for John- 
ston the name of the “American Cruikshank.” 

His son, Thomas Murphy Johnston, is said to have in- 
herited his father’s ability. | 

143 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


JOHNSTON, THOMAS 

Born in Boston, Mass., in 1708; died there May 8, 
1767, and was buried in King’s Chapel burying-ground. 
The “Boston Evening Post,” May 11, 1767, says: “Last 
Friday Morning, died here Mr. Thomas Johnston, Jap- 
anner, Painter and Engraver, after a short illness, being 
seized with an Apoplectic Fit a few days before.” 

Johnston was a fairly good engraver of maps, build- 
ings, book-plates, sheet music, etc., and he was also a her- 
aldic painter. His plan of Boston, signed as Engraven 
by Thos. Johnson, Boston, N.E., is dedicated to His Ex- 
cellency William Burnet by the publisher, William Bur- 
gis. As Burnet was governor of the Colony of Massa- 
chusetts Bay in 1727—29, it would appear that this plate 
must bear about the same date, and it would thus be the 
earliest known production of Johnston. His other known 
plates bear much later dates, or 1755—63. Judging from 
the ornamental title and the arms of Governor Burnet 
on the plan referred to, Johnston did his best work as a 
heraldic engraver; and Charles Dexter Allen, in his 
“American Book-plates,” mentions several plates execu- 
ted by this engraver. 

Mr. Wm. H. Whitmore says that on Jan. 19, 1736— 
37, Thomas Johnston was married to Jean Hogg; and 
that he was again married, on Aug. 6, 1747,to Bathsheba 
Thwing, at the Second Church in Boston, by the Rev. 
Joshua Gee. He left sons, James, John, and Samuel. 

His name was generally spelled “Johnston”; and the 
signature to the Boston map is either an engraver’s error, 
or is due to the carelessness of the period in spelling 
family names. | 

144 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


JONES, ALFRED . 

Born in Liverpool, England, April 7, 1819; acciden- 
tally killed in New York, April 18, 1900. Mr. Jones 
came to the United States as a very young man and in 
1834 he was apprenticed to the engraving firm of Raw- 
don, Wright, Hatch & Edson, of Albany, N. Y. He 
later studied at the National Academy of Design, in 
New York, and in 1839 he was awarded the first prize 
in drawing. Mr. Jones was made an Academician of the 
National Academy on May 14, 1851. 

About 1841 Alfred Jones began engraving over his 
own name, and in 1843 he engraved in line his first large 
plate, “The Farmers’ Nooning,” after the painting by 
W.S. Mount; this plate was executed for the American 
Art Union. In 1846-47 he visited England to perfect 
himself in his art, and he there worked under some of the 
best London masters and made the acquaintance of a 
- number of the prominent English engravers of that pe- 
riod. Upon his return to New York he engaged in busi- 
ness for himself and also worked for other engravers. 
Being himself an admirable line-engraver, about 1850 
Mr. Jones became interested in bank-note engraving, 
and to this branch of his profession he devoted the re- 
mainder of his life. In 1866 he was the president of 
the United States Bank Note Co., of New York; and 
in 1868-70 he was vice-president of the British Ameri- 
ean Bank Note Co., of Montreal and Toronto, Mr. 
William C. Smillie being the president. Later in life 
he worked independently, chiefly for the American Bank 
Note Co. 

Mr. Jones was practically the first man to invent a 

145 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


process for successfully producing a plate directly from 
a photograph that could be printed with type—the popu- 
lar “half-tone process” of the present day. He made his 
negative upon crown glass and produced the “screen” by 
ruling this negative in a ruling-machine; from this ruled 
negative an electrotype was made. The process was suc- 
cessful and plates thus made were used by the Harpers in 
their publications; but the invention of the photographic 
screen by Ives, while obtaining the same result, so de- 
creased the cost of production that it superseded the 
method invented by Mr. Jones. 

As a line-engraver Mr. Jones had few, if any, supe- 
riors in this country; and his large plate of “The 
Image Breaker,” published by the American Art Union 
in 1850, is deservedly recognized as one of the best en- 
gravings ever produced in the United States. Among 
other fine examples of his work published by the Art 
Union, are “Mexican News” (1851), “The New 
Scholar” (1850), and “The Capture of Major André.” 
Mr. Jones continued to engrave with undiminished 
skill up to the time of his death; his late portraits of 
Washington, A. B. Durand, and Thomas Carlyle 
being admirable examples of a combination of line work 
with etching. 


JONES, A. L. 


Plates so signed are really engraved by W. S. Law- 
rence, an apprentice to Alfred Jones, and were finished 
by Mr. Jones. A further notice of Lawrence will be 
found in its proper place. 

146 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


JONES, BENJAMIN 


Benjamin Jones was located in Philadelphia in 1798- 
1815, inclusive. He engraved in line subject plates pos- 
sessing little merit, and Dunlap says that he was living in 
1833. _ : 

“Poulson’s Advertiser,” Philadelphia, June 28, 1804, 
announces his marriage as follows: “On Monday, the 
28th ult. by the Rev. Joseph Turner, Mr. Benjamin 
Jones, engraver, to Miss Alice Howard Hill, both of 
this city.” 


JONES, FITZEDWARD 

This good engraver of subject plates and portraits in 
mezzotint and in stipple was originally a printer in Car- 
lisle, Pa. It is not known where or when he learned to 
engrave; but in 1854 he was in business in Cincinnati, 
O., as a “Practical portrait, historical and landscape 
engraver and plain and color printer,” according to 
his business-card. He also worked for many years for 
the Western Methodist Book Concern, of Cincinnati. . 


JONES, R. S. 


Jones was a line-engraver working in Boston in 1873. 


JONES, WILLIAM R. 

This capital engraver of portraits in the stipple man- 
ner was born in the United States and first appears in 
Philadelphia in 1810, when he was an Associate of the 
Society of Artists of the United States, organized in 
Philadelphia in that year. As an engraver his name ap- 

| 147 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


pears in the directories of Philadelphia in 1811—24, in- 
clusive. 


JORDAN, HENRY 

Born in England; came to the United States about 
1886, and was for a time in the employ of Alfred Jones, 
in New York City. Jordan was a good line-engraver of 
landscape, and was later a member of the engraving firm 
of Jordan & Halpin. He returned to England for atime, 
but ultimately settled permanently in the United States. 


JUSTICK, JOSEPH 

In 1804 Justice was working in New York in connec- 
tion with Scoles; and the directories of Philadelphia lo- 
cate him in that city as an engraver from 1810 until 1833. 
His plates show an ineffective combination of etching 
and stipple work, poorly done. 


KEARNY, FRANCIS 


Born in Perth Amboy, N. J., about 1780; living in 
1833. Kearny is said to have been a nephew of Com- 
modore James Lawrence; and Westcott, in his “History 
of Philadelphia,” says that he learned drawing with 
Archibald and Alexander Robertson, and engraving 
with Peter R. Maverick,in New York City. Kearny was 
in business in New York in 1798-1801 as an engraver. 
In 1810 he appeared in Philadelphia and he remained 
there continuously until 1833. 

Kearny founded his fame as an engraver upon a faith- 
ful copy of “The Last Supper,” after Raphael Morghen, 
and he engraved some other capital line work of a large 

148 | 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


size. He did considerable work in line, stipple, and aqua- 
tint for the magazines, Annuals, and book publishers; 
and in 1823 he was interested in bank-note work as a 
member of the firm of ‘Tanner, Vallance, Kearny & Co., of 
Philadelphia. About 1820 he was engraving upon his 
own account in that city, with an office at No. 62 South 
Fourth Street. 


KEENAN, WILLIAM 


This etcher of portraits and line-engraver of vignettes 
and subject plates was working for the magazine and 
book publishers of Philadelphia in 1830—33. He then ap- 
parently located himself in business in Charleston, S. C., 
as we find an aquatint view of Charleston, engraved by 
Keenan and published by him at “132 King St., Charles- 
ton, S. C.,” and other plates executed for book publishers 
in that city in 1835. Some of these latter plates are in- 

scribed as Drawn, Engraved and Printed by W.. Keenan. 


KELLOGG, J. G. | 
Kellogg was a capital engraver of portraits in line, 
working in New Haven, Conn., about 1850. 


KELLY, J. 

This engraver, in 1851, had an office at 141 Fulton St., 
New York City. He engraved portraits in a mixed 
manner. 


KELLY, THOMAS 


Born in Ireland about 1795; died in the almshouse in 
New York City about 1841. The professional career of 
149 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


this very good engraver in line and in stipple is difficult 
to trace. He was working for Boston publishers in 1823, 
was in Philadelphia in 1831-33, and in New York in 
1834-35. Kelly was associated for a short time with 
Joseph Andrews, in Boston. Besides his portraits he en- 
graved a considerable number of good plates for the An- 
nuals and magazines. Later in life he contracted bad 
habits and died as stated above. | 


KENNEDY, JAMES 

In 1797 this engraver in line and in stipple was work- 
ing for the New York publisher John Low. He remained 
in that city until 1812, and then went to Philadelphia; 
as he was later employed by the publishers S. F’. Brad- 
ford and 'T’. W. Freeman, both of that city. 


KENSETT, JOHN FREDERICK 

Born in Cheshire, Conn., March 22, 1818; died in New 
York City, Dec. 16, 1872. Kensett was the son of 
Thomas Kensett, a print publisher and engraver of 
Cheshire, and he was early apprenticed to his uncle, 
Alfred Daggett, a reputable engraver of New Haven, 
Conn., and engraved over his own name a few book illus- 
trations and vignettes in this country. In 1840 he went 
to England to study art, and during his five years’ stay 
in that country he partially supported himself by en- 
graving. Kensett continued his studies in Rome and re- 
turned to the United States in 1848. He opened a studio 
in New York and established a reputation as a painter of 
landscape. | 

150 


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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


KENSETT, THOMAS 


In 1812 Thomas Kensett was a member of the engrav- 
ing and print publishing firm of Shelton & Kensett, lo- 
cated at Cheshire, Conn. As evidence that he was an en- 
graver himself we have a well-executed map of Upper and 
Lower Canada, published Nov. 2, 1812, and signed Ken- 
sett Sculp. Cheshire, Conn’t. Another large plate en- 
titled “Brother Jonathan’s Soliloquy on the Times” is 
signed Kensett, Paint et Sculp. 

Mr. H. W. French, in his “Art and Artists in Con- 
necticut,’ says that Thomas Kensett came from England 
to Cheshire in 1812, and had previously been an engraver 
at Hampton Court, in England. And Mr. James Terry 
says that he was born in England in 1786 and died in 
1829. 


KERNAN, F. G. 
This man was an engraver of portraits, in a mixed 
style, located in New York in 1870. 


KERSHAW, J. M. 
This engraver of buildings, etc., was working in St. 
Louis, a 1850. 


KEY, F. C. | 

The firm of F. C. Key & Sons, of No. 128 Arch St., 
Philadelphia, was engaged in die-sinking and embossing 
about 1850. A fairly well-executed head of Millard Fill- 
more was published by this firm. It is embossed on white 
paper, surrounded by an oval in gold, with the name and 
publisher also printed in gold. ) 

: 151 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


KEY, WILLLIAM H. | | 

Born in Brooklyn, N. Y.; was living in 1892. From 
1864 until 1892, and possibly later, Key was an assistant 
engraver for the U. S. Mint at Philadelphia. Key en- 
graved the dies for the Kane Expedition medal and a 
medal for Archbishop Wood. 


KIDDER, J. 

The “Polyanthos,” Boston, June, 1813, refers edito- 
rially to an aquatint “View on Boston Common” con- 
tained in that number, and says it is “a specimen of the 
talents of Master J. Kidder, a youth of Boston, and also 
his first essay in aquatinta.” Kidder’s few plates, all in 
aquatint, represent views in and about Boston. Kidder 
designed plates engraved by Abel Bowen about 1823. 


KIMBERLY, DENISON | 

Born in Guilford, Conn., in 1814; Kimberly was a fel- 
low-student with George H. Cushman in the engraving 
establishment of Asaph Willard; and as a line-engraver 
of portraits he achieved considerable success. He was 
working in 1830 for S. Walker, the Boston publisher, 
and was later connected with the Franklin Print Com- 
pany, of Boston. In 1858 Kimberly abandoned engrav- 
ing for painting; he studied in Boston, and in 1862 he 
opened a studio in Hartford and in Manchester. He was 
chiefly engaged in portrait work, producing good like- 
nesses, strong and free in outline yet remarkably soft in 
feature. The portrait of his friend Seth W. Cheney is 
one of his best works. 

152 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
KIMMEL, P. K. 

Kimmel was a New York engraver of vignettes and 
portraits, working about 1850, and was later amember of 
theengraving firmof Capewell& Kimmel, of thesame city. 
There was also an engraving firm of Kimmel & Foster. 


KING, G. B. 

This line-engraver produced some portraits and book 
illustrations, of little merit, for the New York publishers | 
of 1880-34. 


KING, JAMES S. 

The “Ladies Repository,” published in Cincinnati in 
1852, contains some good line subject plates signed by 
James S. King as engraver. 


KINSEY, NATHANIEL, JR. 

In 1854-55 this good landscape engraver was em- 
ployed by the Western Methodist Book Concern, of Cin- 
cinnati, O. 


KIRK, JOHN 

Born in England; died in the United States about 
1862. Kirk came to the United States about 1841 and 
was largely employed by the publishers G. P. Putnam, 
and by A. B. Hall and other New York engravers. He 


~~ did some admirable work in line. 


KNEASS, WILLIAM : 
Born in Lancaster, Pa., September, 1781; died in 
Philadelphia, Aug. 27, 1840. It is not known with whom 
158 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


Kneass learned to engrave, but he worked continuously in 
Philadelphia as an engraver from 1805 to the time of his 
death. On Jan. 29, 1824, he was appointed engraver and 
die-sinker at the U. S. Mint, succeeding Robert Scot. 
His work is usually in line, though he produced some 
good aquatint views; and he was a member of the firms | 
of Kneass & Dellaker and Young, Kneass Co., gen- 
eral engravers. 

An “engraved” portrait of William Kneass is sai to 
be preserved in the assayer’s office of the U. S. Mint, in 
Philadelphia. This portrait is inscribed “To his friend 
Adam Eckfeldt, Chief Coiner” —the man who was chiefly 
instrumental in securing his appointment. 


KNIGHT, T. | 

In 1856, and possibly earlier, Knight was a partner of 
George Girdler Smith, of Boston, along with W. H. 
Tappan; the firm name being Smith, Knight & Tappan. 
His name is signed to some very good portraits executed 
in both line and stipple. 


KOEVOETS, H. & C. 
This firm was engraving and publishing portraits in 
New York about 1870. 


KOSH, A. E. 

Born in Germany about 1838; died in this country in 
1897. Kosh was an engraver of landscape and subject 
plates for the magazines, and came to the United States 
in 1868. 

154 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
KUPFER, R. 


Line-engravings of some merit, published in New 
York magazines about 1865, after drawings by Thos. 
Nast and other American designers, are so signed. 
Among other prints engraved by Kupfer is a folio plate 
of a view of New York, published in 1867. 


LAMB, ANTHONY 

The “New York Mercury,” of Dec. 1, 1760, contains 
the following advertisement: “Maps, Plans, Coats of 
Arms, Shop Bills, Monthly Returns, and other Engrav- 
ing neatly done on Silver, Copper, ete. with Care and 
Dispatch, and all sorts of Copper Plate Printing done in 
the best manner and at Reasonable Rates, at Anthony 
Lamb’s, at Sir Isaac Newton’s Head, in New York.” 

As Henry Dawkins lodged with Anthony Lamb pre- 
vious to 1755, Lamb may have been an employer of en- 
gravers, rather than an engraver himself. No pt 
work signed by Lamb is known. 


LAMB, JOHN 


John Lamb was a New York silversmith; and in the 
“Mercury”of March 15, 1756, he advertises “Engraving 
in gold, silver, copper and other materials, by John 
Lamb.” 


LANG, GEORGE S. 

Born in Chester Co., Pa., in 1799; living in Delaware 
Co., Pa., in 1883. Mr. Baker says that Lang was a pupil 
' of George Murray, the Philadelphia engraver, in 1815, 
and that he abandoned engraving early in life. The Phila- 

155 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


delphia directories, however, contain his name as “en- 
graver” until 1833; and as his signed work is scarce, he 
was probably employed in bank-note work. He was a 
good line-engraver. 


LAVIGNE, —— | 

The few plates known signed by Lavigne are well exe- 
cuted in stipple and appear in the “Polyanthos,” pub- 
lished in Boston in 1814. 


LAWRENCH, W.S. 


This landscape engraver was an apprentice with Al- 
fred Jones in 1840; and in 1846 he was engraving over 
his own name for New York publishers. Mr. Jones says 
that he early abandoned engraving and engaged in the 
flour and grain business in New York. Plates signed 
“A. L. Jones” were executed by Lawrence when an ap- 
prentice with Alfred Jones, and were finished by the 
latter. 


LAWSON, ALEXANDER 


Born in Ravenstruthers, Lanarkshire, Scotland, Dec. 
19, 1773; died in Philadelphia, Aug. 22, 1846. An ex- 
tended memoir of Alexander Lawson was read before 
the Pennsylvania Historical Society, in 1878, by the late 
Townsend Ward; and from this paper the following 
brief sketch is compiled. 

Alexander Lawson was left an orphan at the age of 
fifteen years and was cared for by an elder brother re- 
siding in Liverpool. He was later placed with a dealer 
in books and engravings in Manchester, and his interest 

156 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


in the prints he handled first induced him to attempt en- 
graving. But as he sympathized deeply with the Revo- 
lutionary movement in France, in 1798, Lawson deter- 
mined to seek his future in that country; and as he could 
not obtain a direct passage from England, he sailed for 
the United States, expecting to return ona French vessel. 
He landed at Baltimore on July 14, 1794, and was so 
well pleased with the social and political conditions exist- 
ing in this country that he changed his plans and con- 
cluded to cast his lot with the Americans. He went to 
Philadelphia, and as he seemed to have some knowledge 
of engraving he first found employment with the en- 
gravers Thackara & Vallance. Some time after this he 
commenced business for himself and first attracted atten- 
tion by his admirable plates for an edition of 'Thomson’s 
“Seasons,” faithfully copied from the plates of the Eng- 
lish engraver R. Rhodes. In 1798 Lawson met his fel- 
low-countryman Alexander Wilson, and a firm and last- 
ing friendship resulted. Lawson engraved the best plates 
in Wilson’s famous “Ornithology,” the first volume of 
which was issued in 1808, and those in its continuation by 
Charles Lucien Bonaparte. In speaking of this work 
Lawson says that he engraved these plates chiefly “for 
the honor of his old country,” and for a financial return 
not exceeding one dollar per day. He later, among other 
work, engraved the plates for works on conchology, writ- 
ten by Prof.S. S. Haldeman and Dr. Amos Binney, and 
made some large historical plates. He worked entirely — 
in line. | 
Personally, says Mr. Ward, Alexander Lawson was 
of tall and commanding figure, and he was well read in 
157 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


English literature and the history of art. On June 6, 
1805, he married Elizabeth Scaife, of Cumberland, Eng- 
land, and two of his children became good engravers. A 
considerable collection of the engraved work of Alex- 
ander Lawson is in the possession of the Academy of 
Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia. 


LAWSON, HELEN E. 


This daughter of Alexander Lawson made the draw- 
ings for her father’s illustrations in the works of Prof. 
Haldeman and Dr. Binney, and she also engraved sev- 
eral plates of birds for a publication of about 1830. She 
shows decided talent in this work. 


LAWSON, OSCAR A. 


Born in Philadelphia, Aug. 7, 1813; died there Sept. 
6, 1854. This son of Alexander Lawson was probably a 
pupil of his father, and he became an accomplished line- 
engraver. He furnished a number of small plates for the 
Annuals; but about 1840 he entered the service of the 
U. S. Coast Survey, at Washington, as a chart engraver, 
and he remained there until failing health one him 
to resign in 1851. 

Oscar A. Lawson was the father of Mary ee 
Lawson, a poetess and early writer in Scotch dialect. 


LEACH, SAMUEL 


The “Pennsylvania Gazette,” of Dec. 10, 1741, adver- 
tises that “Samuel Leach, from London, performs all 
sorts of Engraving, such as Coats of Arms, Crests, 
Cyphers, Letters, &c., on Gold, Silver, or Copper. Also 

158 


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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


engraving of all kinds for Silversmiths, N. B. The said 
Leach may be heard of at Mr. Samuel Hazard’s, Mer- 
chant, opposite the Baptist Meeting House, in Second 
Street, or at Andrew Farrels, Tanner, in Chestnut 
Street, Philadelphia.” 


LE COUNT & HAMMOND 


Well-engraved landscape plates published in 1840 are 
thus signed. The second member of the firm was prob- 
ably J.T. Hammond, who was in business as an engraver 
in Philadelphia in 1839. 


LEDDEL, JOSEPH, JR. 


The “New York Weekly Post Boy,” May 18, 1752, 
contains the advertisement of Joseph Leddel, Jr., for the 
sale of all manner of pewterwork. At the end of this ad- 
vertisement he says that “He also engraves on Steel, 
Iron, Gold, Silver, Copper, Brass, Pewter, Ivory or 
Turtle Shell, in a neat manner very reasonably.” 


LEE, HOMER 


Born in Mansfield, O., in 1855; living in 1903. Homer 
Lee was the son of John Lee, an engraver, and he re- 
ceived some instructions from his father in this art. He 
was later regularly apprenticed to a steel-engraver in 
New York City; but his master having failed before the 
expiration of his apprenticeship, he began business for 
himself as Homer Lee & Co. He was successful, and in 
1881 he founded the Homer Lee Bank Note Co. of New 
York. Later he was vice-president and director of the 
Franklin-Lee Bank Note Co., of the same city. 

Mr. Lee studied art in Canada and in Europe, and re- 

159 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


ceived honorable mention for one of his paintings at the 
Vienna Exposition of 1873. He has exhibited as late as 
1901. 

As an inventor he devised the steel-plate printing sys- 
tem named after him; the numbering machines used by 
the U. S. Government and abroad; improvements in the 
linotype composing machine, etc. 


LEGGETT, R. 


This good line-engraver of landscape, about 1870, 
signed plates from “No. 4 John St., New York.” 


LEHMAN, GEORGE 


Born in Lancaster Co., Pa.; died in Philadelphia in 
1870. About 1829 Lehman painted, engraved in aqua- 
tint, and hand-colored a series of admirable views of 
Pennsylvania towns. He also aquatinted a number of 
smaller plates and drew for engravers. In 1835-87 he 
was in the lithographing business in Philadelphia, and 
was later a member of the print-publishing firm of Leh- 
man & Baldwin, of the same city. 


LEMET, L. 

Lemet was a close follower of the methods of St. Me- 
min, producing portraits by the same means and identical 
in appearance and size. He was located in Philadelphia 
in 1804; but about all that is known of him is contained 
in the following advertisement in the “Albany Centinel” 
of Nov. 15, 1805. 

“Physiognetrace. Likenesses engraved. I. Lemet re- 
spectfully informs the Ladies & Gentlemen of Albany 

160 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


that he takes Likenesses in Crayons, as large as life, and 
engraves them in a reduced size in a new and elegant 
manner. The price of the large likenesses, with an en- 
graved plate and twelve impressions, is $25 for gentle- 
men, and $35 for ladies, or $6 for the drawing only. For 
further particulars apply in his rooms at Capt. Lock- 
woods, the corner of Dock in State Street, where a great 
number of portraits of distinguished characters may be 
seen. Oct. 14, 1805.” 

Peter Maverick engraved after portraits drawn by 
Lemet, but the compiler has only found a very few por- 
trait plates actually engraved by Lemet; among these 
are Dr. Ben Rush and Col. Joseph Shippen, both of 
Philadelphia. 


LENEY, WILLIAM SATCHWELL 


Born in London, England, Jan. 16, 1769; died at 
Longue Pointe, near Montreal, Canada, Nov. 26, 1831. 
Leney was of Scotch descent and the son of Alexander 
and Susanna Leney. He is said to have been a pupil of 
the well-known English engraver Peltro W. 'Tompkins, 
and Leney’s work bears evidence of a careful training in 
the art of stipple-engraving. He was engraving over his 
own name in London as early as 1791; and he achieved 
_ such success that he was awarded a gold medal for his 
large plate of the “Descent from the Cross.” Leney en- 
graved a large number of portrait plates, in stipple and 
in line, for London publishers. 

About 1805 Leney was induced to come to the United 
States; he settled in New York and seems soon to have 
had abundant employment. His New York account- 

16] 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


book, showing the prices that he separately charged for 
the copper plate and his engraving, is in the possession 
of Mr. W. C. Crane, of New York. This shows that he 
was paid $100 to $150 for engraving an octavo portrait, 
a very large price for that early period. About 1812 he 
was associated with William Rollinson in the bank-note 
business. Leney engraved the vignettes and charges Rol- 
linson for the copper and the engraving in each case, 
showing that the business was not a partnership. One of 
Leney’s early plates executed in this country is that of 
_“Moses in the Bullrushes,” done for Collins’ Bible pub- 
lished in 1807; for this plate he is said to have received a 
gold medal. 

Before he came to this country, Leney married, at 
Lambeth, England, Sarah White, born Feb. 10, 1773, 
and who died in Canada, Sept. 28, 1884. About 1820 
Leney removed to Canada and bought a farm of 300 
acres at Longue Pointe, below Montreal. For a time he 
followed his profession in Montreal, and he there en- 
graved the first notes issued by the Bank of Montreal, 
and a now scarce series of large plates of views in and 
about Montreal. Mr. Leney had nine children and his 
descendants are numerous. 


LEPELLETIER 


Maps and plans published by T. C. Fay, of New 
York, in 1814, are signed Lepelletier, Sculpt, N. York. 


LEWIS, J. r 
The book-plate of Dr. Peter Middleton, who died in 
New York in 1781, is signed J. Lewis sc. Dr. Middle- 
162 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


ton, though born in Scotland, was located in New York 
as early as 1750, and the plate bears evidence of Ameri- 
can origin. 


LEWIS, J. O. 


This engraver in the stipple manner first appears in 
books published in Philadelphia in 1815; and as he en- 
graved the portrait of Lewis Cass, as secretary of war 
under President Jackson, he must have been engraving 
in 1881. 

There is no record of such an engraver in the Philadel- 
phia directories; and in the New York directory the near- 
est approach to this name is “Joseph Lewis, engraver 
and seal-cutter” in 1816-23. Lewis probably spent some 
time in the western country, as he published in Philadel- 
phia, in 1835, “The North American Aboriginal Port- 
folio,” a collection of lithographic portraits of Indians; 
some of these are inscribed as “Painted from life by J. O. 
Lewis, at Detroit, 1833.” He seemingly engraved very 
few plates and his work possesses little merit. 


LINCOLN, JAMES SULLIVAN 

Born in Taunton, Mass., May 18, 1811; died in Provi- 
dence, R. I., Jan. 19, 1887. At the age of fourteen Lin- 
coln was apprenticed to an engraver in Providence, 
R. I.; and he is said to have executed engravings, though 
none have been found by the compiler. After 1887 he 
devoted himself solely to portrait-painting, in which 
he was very successful. Lincoln was the first president 
of the Providence Art Club. 

163 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


LONGACRE, JAMES BARTON : 

Born in Delaware Co., Pa., Aug. 11, 1794; died in — 
Philadelphia, Jan. 1, 1869. Longacre was a descendant 
of one of the early Swede settlers on the Delaware, and 
he was taught to engrave by George Murray, in Phila- 
delphia. His earliest work was done for S. F. Brad- 
ford’s Encyclopedia, of 1805-18; but he first attracted 
attention by his admirable large plate of Andrew Jack- 
son, after the portrait by Thomas Sully, published in 
Philadelphia in 1820. He soon found abundant employ- 
_ ment in engraving portraits in the stipple manner, many 
of them done after his own drawings from life. 

About 1830,in connection with James Herring, Long- 
acre conceived the idea of publishing the “American 
Portrait Gallery”; a series of biographical sketches of 
statesmen, military and naval heroes, and professional 
men. ‘These were to be illustrated by portraits; and 
Longacre set the standard of engraving so high, that 
after employing the best engravers in this country, he 
was compelled to induce others to come from Europe 
especially for this purpose. He engraved a number of 
these himself and drew the originals for other engravers; 
and taken as a whole it was the best series of portraits 
engraved in the United States up to that time. 

The large plates of Longacre are remarkable for 
their faithfulness as portraits and for the beauty of 
their execution. ‘The majority of them are done in 
the stipple manner; but his large plate of Charles Car- 
roll, after the painting by Chester Harding, proves him 
to have been an accomplished line-engraver. In 1844 
Mr. Longacre was appointed engraver to the U. S. 

164 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


Mint, succeeding C. Gobrecht, and he held that position 
until his death. 


LOVHE, G. 
This name as engraver is appended to a very poor 


frontispiece to Watts’ “Divine Songs,” published in 
Philadelphia in 1807 by L. Johnson. 


LOVETT, ROBERT 

According to “Poulson’s Advertiser,’ Lovett was an 
engraver upon metal and stone, located in Philadelphia 
in 1816—22, inclusive. He was principally engaged in 
engraving seals and dies. He removed to New York 
about 1825, but returned to Philadelphia in after years. 


LOWE, R. 
Lowe was a script engraver employed in New York in 
1838. 


LOWNES, CALEB 

The “Pennsylvania Magazine,’ Philadelphia, June, 
1775, contains a fairly well-engraved line plate of a “New 
Plan of Boston Harbour,” signed C. Lownes, Sculp. 

This Caleb Lownes was a die-sinker and seal-cutter in 
business in Philadelphia, and was a prominent citizen of 
that city. In 1779, according to the Minutes of the Su- 
preme Executive Council, he was paid £76 for cutting a 
seal for the Pennsylvania Board of Admiralty. In 1797 
Lownes was a member of the Board of Health of Phila- 
delphia. 

Caleb Lownes is credited with having engraved the 

165 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


woodcut seal of arms used as the heading to early com- 
missions and proclamations issued by the State of Penn- 
sylvania. This State coat of arms, with the eagle as a 
crest and harnessed horses as supporters, is found on proc- 
lamations issued by the Supreme Executive Council of 
Pennsylvania as early as 1786. It is well engraved, but 
unsigned in the examples seen by the writer. 


LYBRAND, J. 


About 1820, J. Lybrand neatly engraved in line a 
view of the Gilpin paper-mill, on Brandywine Creek, 
Pa., after a drawing by B. K. Fox. Possibly a little 
earlier than this, he was engraving in connection with R. 
Campbell, of Philadelphia; these latter plates were also 
in line, but very simple in character. 


MAAS, JACOB 


The only mention found of Jacob Maas is in connec- 
tion with the engraving and sale of “Lafayette and 
Washington badges” in 1824. 'The Philadelphia news- 
papers of that year contain conditions of sale of “their 
plates’; and this notice is signed jointly by “J. L. Fred- 
erick and Jacob Maas, Engravers.” 


McCABH, E. 
This engraver of vignettes was seemingly working in 
New York about 1855. 


McCARTHY 
McCarthy was a line-engraver of portraits, in the em- 
ploy of J. C. Buttre, New York, in 1860-65. 
166 


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McCLUSKEY, WILLIAM 


Some very well-executed subject plates, signed by 
Wm. McCluskey as engraver, were published in the 
“New Mirror,” New York, about 1845. 


McGOFFIN, JOHN 


Born in Philadelphia in 1818; was living in 1883. 
McGoffin was an excellent line-engraver of landscape 
and subject plates. He was a pupil of James W. Steel, 
of Philadelphia, and he was in the employ of that en- 
graver in 1834. Mr. Baker says that he painted minia- 
tures for some years; but he evidently continued to en- 
grave, and was working at least as late as 1876. 


McLELLAN, H. B. 
About 1860 this stipple-engraver of portraits was lo- 
cated in Boston, Mass. 


McRAE, JOHN C. | 

McRae engraved portraits and subject plates, in both 
line and stipple, for New York publishers of 1855. He 
executed several large and excellent subject plates for 
framing, and was working as late as 1880. 

A portrait of John Wesley, in mezzotint and pub- 
lished by Harper & Brother, New York, is signed McRae 
sc. While inferior in execution to his other work, this 
may have been engraved by John C. McRae. 


J.M. AE. 14 sculp. 1758. 
This early American engraver can not be identified by 
the compiler. The only evidence of his existence is a 
167 | 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


small quarto portrait of Frederick III of Prussia, 
‘folded and inserted” in the New York Almanac for . 
1759; New York: “Printed and Sold by Hugh Gaine at 
the Bible and Crown in Hanover Square.” ‘This print 
may be described as follows: Exxceedingly rude line work 
with an attempt at stipple in the face. Vignette; half- 
length in uniform standing to right, face front, right 
hand on hip, left hand on hilt of sword resting on point; 
muzzle of cannon in right base. Size 5.8< 5.5 ins. In- 
scription: J. M. AE 14 sculp 1758 Frederick the Third 
The Great King of Prussia Sold by J. Turner, in Arch 
Street Philad’a. 

This print was issued with the almanac; as Hugh 
Gaine, in the “New York Mercury” of Nov. 6, 1758, 
announces the publication of the almanac, and says, 
“with a beautiful frontispiece of that Hero of the Age, 
Charles Frederick, King of Prussia.” ‘The same alma- 
nac contained a woodcut of the “Harbour of Louis- 
bourg,” previously published in the “Mercury” for 
August 14, 1758. 

The probability is that this J. M. was a young appren- 
tice of James Turner, the engraver; as the latter was cer- 
tainly located in Philadelphia at that date and engraved 
the large map of the “Province of Pennsylvania” pub- 
lished by Nicholas Scull in 1759. 


MACKENSIHE, E. 


This accomplished engraver of portraits in the stipple 
manner came from England, in 1883-84, to engrave for 
the “National Portrait Gallery.” He remained in the 

168 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


United States and was later largely employed in portrait 
work by the Methodist Book Concern, of New York. 


MACKLOW, J. 


A well-engraved portrait of Martha Washington, 
after the painting by Woolaston, is signed by this man 
about 1835; and is further inscribed as “Engraved ex- 
pressly for the Christian Family Annual.” 


MAIN, WILLIAM 


Born in New York City, and practised engraving 
there between 1821 and 1838. ‘This American engraver 
had an interesting career, and the unique distinction of 
having been a pupil of the famous Raphael Morghen. 
According to Wm. Dunlap, Main, as a young man, was 
taken to Italy by Mauro Gandolfi, who came to this coun- 
try, in 1817, under contract to engrave Col. Trumbull’s 
“Declaration of Independence.” On account of what he 
regarded as the relatively high cost of living in the 
United States, Gandolfi broke his contract and returned 
home the same year, and took Main with him under 
promise of teaching him engraving. For some reason not 
stated Main was abandoned in Florence, and he then ap- 
plied to Morghen and was admitted and spent three 
years in the studio of that great master. This statement 
of Dunlap is supported by the fact that the peculiar en- 
graving table brought by Main from Florence was for 
many years in the possession of James Smillie, in New 
York, and was always known among engravers as the 
“Morghen table.” , 

In 1820 William Main returned to New York full of 

169 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


enthusiasm for his art, and he opened a studio in that 
city. With the purpose of demonstrating his ability he 
paid $40 for the privilege of engraving in line an octavo 
portrait of Rev. John Henry Hobart, after the painting 
by John Paradise. The resulting 8vo plate was a good 
piece of work; but Main declared that the proceeds from 
the sale of the print “barely paid for the copper.” And 
in a letter to Dunlap he says that the bulk of his early 
employment here consisted in engraving “‘visiting cards, 
door-plates and dog-collars.” | 

He eventually found employment and engraved a few 
portraits and book illustrations. William Main was one 
of the founders of the National Academy of Design in 
1826; and he was a member of the class of engravers, 
along with Durand, Danforth, Peter Maverick, and C. 
C. Wright. He was engraving as late as 1837, though he 
seems to have left New York in 1833. 


MAJOR, JAMES PARSONS 

Born at Frome, Somersetshire, Kngland,in 1818; died 
at Somerville, N. J., Oct. 17, 1900. Mr. Major came to 
the United States as a bank-note engraver in 1830. He 
resided in Brooklyn until 1872, and for over fifty-five 
years he was in charge of the engraving and modeling 
department of what is now the American Bank Note 
Company, of New York. 


MALCOM, JAMES PELLER 
Born in Philadelphia, August, 1767; died in England, 
April 5, 1815. Malcom began to engrave in Philadel- 
170 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


phia prior to 1786; as he designed and engraved the fron- 
tispiece for “The Lyric Works of Horace,” by John 
Parke, published in that year in Philadelphia. This 
plate is a somewhat ambitious piece of work, but is poorly 
executed. Under the patronage of Rev. Jacob Duche 
and other citizens of Philadelphia, Malcom was sent to 
England to study art; and in a memoir written in 1805 
he says that he attended the Royal Academy course for 
three years. 

Possibly as a means of self-support, Malcom en- 
graved landscapes, buildings, etc., for several English 
magazines; and among these were several Philadelphia 
buildings. In 1792-93 he returned to Philadelphia; 
and Alexander Lawson credits him with having en- 
graved at this time an interior view of Christ Church, 
in his native city. A photographic copy of such an en- 
graving has been seen by the compiler, but the copy 
bears no evidence of the engraver. 

Malcom found little encouragement in Philadelphia, 
and he soon returned to England and resumed work upon 
the “Gentleman’s Magazine” and other English periodi- 
cals. He became much interested in historical and an- 
tiquarian research; was a Fellow of the Antiquarian So- 
ciety, and published seven or more books. Among these 
were “Londinium Redivivum,” 1802-05; “Excursions 
in the Counties of Kent, Gloucester, etc.,” 1802-05; 
“Anecdotes of the Manners and Customs of London,” 
1808-11; and “Miscellaneous Anecdotes,” 1811. These 
works were largely illustrated by plates engraved by 
Malcom. 

171 4 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
MANLY, JOHN 


The only evidence of the work of this man as 
an engraver is found in an etched portrait of 
Washington, executed after 1789. Manly is said to 
have been a die-sinker, and apparently flourished 
about 1800. 

In an advertisement in the ““F'reeman’s Journal,” Phil- 
adelphia, 1790, “an artist” proposes “a subscription for 
a medal of George Washington.” Subscriptions were 
received at Wilmington by Peter Rynberg; and in 
Philadelphia by J. Manly, “in the care of Robert 
Patton, Postmaster.” This would indicate that Manly 
was then in Philadelphia—if he were not the “artist” 
referred to. 


MANZO, JOSE 


Born in Puebla, Mexico,in 1789; died in Mexico about 
1840. Manzo studied painting under Salvador del 
Huerto, and later applied himself entirely to engraving 
and chasing on metal, in which art he excelled. In 1814 
he was made the first director of the new Academy of 
Design; in 1824 he was attached to the Embassy to 
Rome, and in that-city and in Paris he perfected his 
knowledge of engraving and also acquired the art of 
lithography. He returned to Mexico in 1827, and bring- 
ing with him the necessary presses, stones, etc., he founded 
the latter industry in Mexico. Under government pat- 
ronage he established a school of engraving and lithog- 
raphy, in 1828, in the Cardine College, in the city of 
Mexico...) 3) 

172 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
MARCHANT, B. 


The only engravings by Marchant seen by the com- 
piler are line illustrations in “The Narrative of Capt. 
James Riley,” published in New York in 1816. 


MARE, JOHN DE 


De Mare was born in Belgium; belonged to a noble 
and ancient family, and was himself a highly cultivated 
man. It is not known where he learned to engrave; but 
he appeared in New York about 1850, and engraved in 
line a few admirable book illustrations. He is said to 
have returned to Kurope about 1861. 


MARSAC, HARVEY 


This name appears as an “engraver” in the New York 
directory for 1834. As no work signed by him has been 
found by the compiler, it can not be positively stated that 
he engraved on copper. 


MARSH, WILLIAM R. 


Marsh was engraving vignettes, advertising cards, 
ete., in New York, in 1833-48. 


MARSHALL,—— 

In John Marshall’s “Life of George Washington,” 
published by C. P. Wayne, Philadelphia, 1804-07, one 
of the illustrative maps is signed Marshall Sct. This 
map represents the relative positions of the American 
and British forces prior to the battle of White Plains, 
Oct. 28, 1776. 

173 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


MARSHALL, WILLIAM EDGAR 


Born in New York City, June 30, 1887, William E. 
Marshall began bank-note engraving in New York with 
Danforth, Wright & Co., and later devoted his time to 
the engraving of large portraits in line, chiefly done from 
portraits painted by himself. In 1864 he went abroad 
and studied art in Paris for about two years, and exhib- 
ited in the Salons: of 1865-66. On his return to this 
country he painted portraits and again commenced en- 
graving portraits. Mr. Marshall is best known as an 
engraver by his large line plates of Washington, Lin- 
coln, Gen. Grant, H. W. Longfellow, James G. Blaine, 
etc. But one of the best examples of his portrait work is 
the head of James Fenimore Cooper, engraved in 1861. 


MARTIN, D. 


D. Martin engraved at least one portrait, and also 
some of the maps found in the “Monthly Military Re- 
pository,” published by G. Smith, New York, 1796. These 
are maps of military operations during the Revolution. 


MARTIN, E. 


In 1826 this man was engraving buildings, etc., for 
Cincinnati publishers. 


MARTIN, J. B. 

Several stipple portraits, fairly well engraved, and pub- 
lished in Richmond, Va., in 1822, are signed Engraved — 
by J. B. Martin, Richm‘d. 

Martin claimed to be an artist; and he drew upon stone 
a good quarto portrait of John Randolph, of Roanoke. 

174 


Died A 
he 2 ; % 


IsJg 


¢ cl f vont Orgs cool Liture.dn Mee” 
Mechon of teeLuhe of } Chandrs. 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


This lithograph was printed by Cephas G. Childs, but is 
signed as Drawn on Stone & Published by J. B. Martin, 
Richm’d. 


MARTIN, ROBERT 


In 1860 this man produced some excellent line illus- 
trations for Cooper’s works, published in New York. 


MASON, ALVA 


About 1819 the firm of W. & A. Mason advertised as 
“Engravers of brass ornaments for book-binding etc. 
charter and Patent Medicine Seals, Embossing plates 
and Brass Engraving for Typographical Printing.” 
Their establishment was located at No. 15 S. 4th St., 
Philadelphia. It is not known that this firm did any cop- 
perplate engraving. 


MASON, D. H. 

The Philadelphia directories of 1805-18 contain the 
name of D. H. Mason, “music-engraver.” In 1816 he 
executed vignettes for the bank-note engraving firm of 
Murray, Draper, Fairman & Co., of the same city; and 
in 1830 Mason signed a certificate as “Architect and En- 

graver.” 


MASON, WILLIAM G. 

This line-engraver of buildings, etc., was located in 
Philadelphia in 1822-45, excepting the years 1823-29. 
He made the illustrations for Joshua Shaw’s “U. S. 
Architecture,” and for other publications by the same 
author. Judging from the excellence of line vignettes 

175. 


} 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


engraved by Mason for bill-heads, etc., he was probably 
chiefly engaged on bank-note work. 


MAVERICK, MARIA A. anp EMILY 

These two daughters of Peter Maverick, of New 
York, separately engraved several admirable stipple il- 
lustrations for an edition of Shakspere published about 
1830. | 

ANN Maverick, a daughter of Dr. Alexander An- 
derson and the wife of Andrew Maverick, was a capital 
wood-engraver at a somewhat later period. 

Two other members of the Maverick family, Octavia 
and Catherine, were engaged in art work: the first named 
as teacher of drawing in the Packard Institute, of Brook- 
lyn; and the other held a similar position in Madam 
Willard’s school, in Troy, N. Y. 


MAVERICK, PETER 

Born in New York, Oct. 22, 1780; died there June 7, 
1881. Peter Maverick was the son and pupil of Peter 
Rushton Maverick, one of the early engravers of New 
York. In 1802 Peter Maverick was in business in New 
York as an engraver; but at a later period he removed to 
Newark, N. J., where he was the preceptor and in 1817 
the partner of A. B. Durand. Maverick returned to New 
York and there conducted an extensive establishment as 
a general engraver and copperplate printer; to this busi- 
ness he finally added lithography. Peter Maverick was 
one of the founders of the National Academy of Design 
in 1826; and the “Historic Annals of the Academy” refer 
to him as excelling in “letter engraving and bank-note 

176 ‘ 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


work.” A portrait of Peter Maverick is in existence 
painted by John Neagle. 


MAVERICK, PETER, JR. 


All that is known of this man is that he was a son of 
Peter Maverick, and the New York directories for 1832 
—45 give his occupation as “engraver and lithographer.” 


MAVERICK, PETER RUSHTON 

Born in America, April 11, 1755; died in New York, 
Dec. 12, 1811, according to an announcement in the 
“Newark Centinel of Freedom,” of that year. 

In the “New York Packet,” March 16,1786, Maverick 
advertises his business as follows: 

“The Subscriber, ever willing to serve the public, re- 
spectfully informs them, that he carries on engraving, 
seal-sinking and copper plate printing at No. 3 Crown 
Street, where ladies may have their tea-table ware en- 
graved in the most elegant manner and in the newest 
fashion, resembling the flat chasing, as neat as in Europe. 

“By their humble servant, 
“Peter Maverick.” 

This card is surmounted by a woodcut of a cherub 
supporting a scroll inscribed “Arms, Seals, &c.,” and the 
advertisement plainly indicates that, like other early 
American engravers, the engraving of silver-plate and 
book-plates formed the major part of his business. _ 

His copperplates, as a rule, are poor in execution, 
though his book-plates are better. The stipple portrait 
of Volney, signed by P. R. Maverick, is probably the 
work of his son Peter, or some engraver in his employ. 


177 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
MAVERICK, SAMUEL 


This name is signed as engraver to book illustrations 
published in New York in 1824. The New York direc- 
tories call Samuel Maverick a “copperplate printer” in 
1805, and in 1819-87 the occupation becomes “Engraver 
and Copperplate printer.”” The name appears in these 
directories until 1847. 

But there was another Samuel Maverick—or Samuel 
R. Maverick, as it was printed at times—who was some- 
times an “engraver” and then “auctioneer and copper- 
plate printer.” 


MAXON, CHARLES 


The New York directory for 18338 contains this name 
as “engraver.” No copperplate is known so signed. 


MEADOWS, C. 


This engraver of portraits and buildings was in busi- 
ness in Windsor, Vt. He was working about 1850—55. 


\ 


MEADOWS, R. M. 


A very well-executed stipple portrait of Edward Jen- 
ner, M.D., was engraved by R. M. Meadows and pub- 
lished in the “Analectic Magazine” for 1817. Meadows 
also engraved a portrait of F. Asbury for an American 
publication; but it is not certain that either of these plates 
was engraved in the United States. 

Nagler, in his ““Kunstler-Lexicon,” refers to a Robert 
Meadows who flourished in the first quarter of the last 
century and engraved for the “Shakespeare Gallery,” of 

178 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


London. His life is unknown to Nagler, but this may be 
the man mentioned above. 


MEDAIRY & BANNERMAN 

This firm was engraving portraits and book-plates 
in Baltimore, Md., in 1828—29. The second member of 
the firm was doubtless W. W. Bannerman, already re- 
ferred to. 


MERCHANT, G. W. 

A well-engraved plan of the floor of the Senate cham- 
ber, at Albany, N. Y., is signed G. W. Merchant Engr. 
& Pub. The plan is used as a frontispiece to the “Legis- 
lative Manual of the State of New York, 1834,” and it 
was published at Albany in that year. 


MEYER, HENRY HOPPNER } 

This capital stipple-engraver of portraits made plates 
for the “National Portrait Gallery,” of 1834. If he 
were really in this country his stay here was very brief, 
as few plates are found so signed. 


MEYRICK, RICHARD 
The “American Weekly Mercury,” Philadelphia, No. 
516, 1729, contains the following advertisement: 
“Richard Meyrick. Engraver, remov’d from the Lock 
and Key in Chesnut Street to the Widow Walker’s, in 
- Front-Street Philadelphia.” 
Meyrick was probably an engraver for silversmiths. 
179 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
MIDDLETON, THOMAS 


Thomas Middleton was an artist and amateur etcher, 
living in Charleston, S. C., in 1814. He was probably a 
member of the well-known Middleton family of that 
State, as the portrait of Arthur Middleton engraved by 
Longacre, for Sanderson’s “Lives of the Signers,” is in- 
scribed as “after a drawing by T. Middleton from a 
group in a Family Picture by Ben. West.” | 

The only engraved work of Thomas Middleton seen by 
the compiler is contained in some good etchings in a 
scrap-book once belonging to Robert Gilmor, of Balti- 
more, Md. These include an effective bust portrait of 
Alexander Hamilton; and on this prmt Mr. Gilmor has 
written “Engraved by Thos. Middleton, of Charleston, 
S. C., in 1814.” His other etchings are simply signed 
“'T’. Middleton.” Several examples of the smaller etch- 
ings found in the Gilmor scrap-book have lately been 
picked up by the writer in Paris; and it is poses that 
he studied art in that city. 


MOFFAT, J. 

A fairly well-engraved line portrait of Robert Burns 
is signed as H'ng’d on Steel by J. Moffat. This print was 
published by Wm. Pearson, New York, 1830-35; but it 
is possibly the work of a Scotch engraver and the plate 
may have been brought over here for publication. 


MOLINEUX, —— 
In 18381 there was published by Luke Loomis & Co., of 
Pittsburg, Pa., a German work entitled “The Life and 
180 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


Works of Johann Friedrich Oberlin,” with an introduc- 
tion by Prof. S. S. Schmucker, of the Theological Semi- 
nary at Gettysburg, Pa. The frontispiece to this book 
is an engraved silhouette of Oberlin, signed Molineux 
Sc. Pitt. This same Molineux engraved upon copper for 
this work a fairly well-executed portrait of Louise Schep- 
ler, and views of the residences of Oberlin and his fellow- 
workers. No other examples of the engraved work of 
Molineux are known to the compiler. 


MONTGOMERY, R. 

The only example of the work of this engraver seen by 
the writer is a book-plate of James Giles, signed KR. 
Montgomery, Sculp. The plate is armorial, with a can- 
non and American flag introduced into the decoration, 
and it is crude enough in execution to have been the work 
of some prentice local engraver. ‘This James Giles was 
doubtless a James Giles, of New York, who was a lieuten- 
ant of the 2nd Continental Artillery, and a regimental 
adjutant in January, 1781. Another armorial plate of 
this same James Giles, with military trophies, including 
cannon, ramrods, kegs of powder, etc., was engraved by 
“Maverick.” Some collectors of ex libris assert that the 
engraver of the first-named plate was Gen. Richard 
Montgomery, who was killed at Quebec in 1775. 

This book-plate was probably engraved by Robert 
Montgomery, who advertises in the “New York Packet,’ 
Nov. 138, 1783, as “Watch Maker, Clock Maker and En- 
graver.” 

181 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
MOORE, ISAAC W. 


Moore was engraving good line portraits and histori- 
cal plates in 1831-33 for Philadelphia periodicals. 


MOORE, T. 
This stipple-engraver of portraits signs himself on one 
of his plates 7. Moore (successor to Pendleton) Boston. 


MORGAN, GEORGE T. 

Born in Birmingham, England, in 1845; living in 
Philadelphia in 1892. Morgan studied at the art school 
in Birmingham and won a national scholarship to the 
South Kensington Art School, where he was a student 
for two years. He came to the United States, and in 
1875 was made an assistant engraver in the U. S. Mint 
in Philadelphia, and he remained there a number of 
years. He designed and executed the dies for the once 
famous “Bland Dollar.” 


MORIN, J. F. 

Morin was an engraver of maps, business-cards, etc., 
who was working in New York in 1825-81, as shown by 
dates of publication on his few signed plates. In 1825 he 
engraved in connection with S. Maverick, and was then 
apparently in the employ of that engraver and copper- 
plate printer. In 1831 Morin engraved a good map of 
New York City for “The Traveller’s Guide through the 
State of New York,” published in New York in that year. 


MORSE, HAZEN 


In the “New England Palladium,” of July 20, 1824, 
_ Hazen Morse, “engraver,” announces that he has re- 
182 7 


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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


moved from No. 6 Congress Street to Congress Square, 
“a few doors south of the Exchange Coffee House,” and 
he there “continues the business of Copper Plate En- 
graving, in its various branches.” Copperplate printing 
was also done at the same place. For a time Hazen was 
in the employ of the Boston engraving firm of Annin 
& Smith. According to the advertisement quoted above 
he seems to have been chiefly engaged in engraving door- 
plates, brass numbers for doors, coffin-plates, stencil- 
plates, etc. The only signed copperplate known to the 
writer is the Carey book-plate (Allen 140) inscribed H. 
Morse Sc. : 


~ MORSE & TUTTLE 


In 1840 this firm was engraving maps in Boston, 
Mass., and the Morse of the firm was probably Hazen 
Morse- 


MORSE, NATHANIEL 


The following death notice is found in the “Boston 
Gazette, or Weekly Journal,” Boston, June 21, 1748: 
“Last Friday (June 17) died here Mr. Nathaniel Morse, 
an ingenious engraver, whose corpse was decently inter’d 
last Lord’s Day Evening.” 

The only engraving by Nathaniel Morse found by the 
compiler is a portrait of Rev. Matthew Henry, rudely 
engraved in line after a print by George Vertue. This 
portrait is the frontispiece to “The Communicant’s Com- 
panion, etc.,” by Matthew Henry, published in “Boston 
in New England, re-printed for T. Phillips at the Sta- 
tioner’s Arms, next to Mr. Dolbear, the Braziers, 1731.” 

183 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


The Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 101, No. 525, con- 
tains a copy of a bill of 1735, showing that Morse was 
paid for engraving and printing a plate for Massa- 
chusetts paper money. This bill is signed “Nat. Mors,” 
as is the engraving of Matthew Henry referred to above. 


MOTH, W. H. 

This English portrait-engraver did a large amount of 
work in London in the first half of the last century. He 
engraved portraits of Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, 
Epes Sargent, and other Americans, and subject plates 
engraved by him were used in American publications; 
but no evidence has been found by the compiler that Mote 
ever actually engraved in this country. The plates men- 
tioned were probably brought over here for publication. 


MOTTRAM, C. 

A. fine line-engraving, signed by C. Mottram as en- 
graver, represents a view of the city of New York from | 
the Brooklyn shore. It is made from a drawing executed 
by J. W. Hill, New York, 1855; and was published in 
New York in the same year. John William Hill was the 
son of John Hill, the aquatint-engraver, who came to the 
United States in 1816 and died here in 1850. But no 
other work has been seen signed by C. Mottram. 


MOULD, J. B. 

This name is signed as engraver to good stipple por- 
traits published in New York about 1830. But as the 
portraits are those of foreigners it is possible that these 


plates were imported. 
184 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


MULLIKEN, JONATHAN 


A facsimile of Paul Revere’s massacre plate is signed 
Jona. Mulliken, Newbury Port, sculpt. 'There is no in- 
dication of date, and about all that is known of Mulliken 
is to be learned from the following notice printed in the 
“Independent Chronicle and Universal Advertiser,” 
Boston, Sept. 5, 1782: “All persons indebted to, or that 
have any Demands on the Estate of Jonathan Mulliken, 
late of Newbury-Port, Clockmaker, deceas’d, are desired 
to bring in their Accounts, in order for Settlement, to 
Moses Brown and Abel Greenleaf Executors of said 
Estate. 

“Newburyport, August, 12, 1782.” 

From this it would appear that Mulliken was a clock- 
maker of Newburyport, Mass., and that he died prior to 
August 12, 1782. He probably engraved his own metal 
clock-faces; but no other print is known to the writer 
than the one referred to above. 


MUMFORD, E. W. 
In 1885-40 this engraver of landscape and subject 
plates was apparently working in Philadelphia. 


MUNGER, GEORGE 

Born in Guilford, Conn., in 1783; died in 1824. Mun- 
ger was a miniature painter of some merit; and the firm 
of N. & S. S. Jocelyn engraved plates after portraits 
painted by him. In February, 1816, N. Jocelyn and G. 
Munger, of New Haven, Conn., published a large aqua- 
tint view of the island of St. Helena. ‘This plate is 

185 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


signed G. Munger, Sculp.; but it is the only pre of 
his engraved work found. 

Munger was some relation of Anson Didkinsoas the 
miniature painter, also born in Connecticut. Two of 
Munger’s daughters became artists. 


MUNSON, S. B. 

Munson probably lived in New Haven, Conn., about 
1830—35, as he engraved a number of plates in conjunc- 
tion with S. S. Jocelyn, of that town. Munson himself 
was a very good stipple-engraver of portraits. The en- 
graving firm of S. B. Munson & G. K. Stillman also 
produced prints; and in 1842 the firm of Doolittle & 
Munson was engraving in Cincinnati, O. 


MURPHY, —— 


A crudely engraved line frontispiece, representing 
“Wisdom,” is signed Murphy sculp. ‘This plate was 
published in New York in 1807. The design shows 
Minerva armed with spear and shield standing in cen- 
ter; with a flying Cupid and palm tree to left and a 
lamb at her feet. No other example of Murphy’s work 
has been seen. 


MURRAY, GEORGE 

Born in Scotland; died in Philadelphia, July 2, 1822. 
Dunlap says that Murray was a pupil of the well-known 
English engraver Anker Smith,and he was certainly en- 
graving portraits, etc., in London in 1796. Murray ap- 
pears in Philadelphia in 1800, coming to that city from 
one of the Southern States. He was prominent in the 

186 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


Philadelphia Society of Artists in 1810; and in 1810-11 
he organized the bank-note and general engraving firm 
of Murray, Draper, Fairman & Co., and an extensive 
and lucrative business was developed. In this country 
Murray engraved in line, over his own name, animals, 
landscapes, and a few portraits. He is said to have lost 
his money in reckless real-estate speculation, and to have 
died poor. On the other hand, “Poulson’s Advertiser,” 
of Nov. 9, 1822, notes the dissolution of the copartner- 
ship of Murray, Fairman & Co., “in consequence of the 
death of George Murray.” The surviving partners, in- 
cluding Asa Spencer, continued the business under the 
firm name of Fairman, Draper, Underwood & Co. Mur- 
ray may have had, however, but a small interest in this 
firm at the time of his death. 


MURRAY, JOHN 

In Rivington’s “Royal Gazette,” Feb. 28, 1776, we 
find the following: “John Murray, in the 57 Regiment 
from Edinburgh, engraves all manner of silver-plate, 
seals, coats of arms, etc.’”” He may or may not have en- 
graved on copper. 


NEAGLE, JAMES 

Died in Philadelphia, June 24, 1822, “aged 53 years.” 
The directories of Philadelphia contain his name for 
1820—22, inclusive, as an “engraver.” In 1819 he was 
engraving in Philadelphia, and a few well-executed 
portraits bear his name. His signed work is very 
scarce and he was possibly chiefly engaged in bank-note 
work. | 

187 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


NEAGLE, JOHN B. 

Born in England about 1796; died in Philadelphia in 
1866. J. B. Neagle is said to have been the son of the — 
English engraver John Neagle, born in 1760, and he was 
probably a pupil of his father. He came to Philadelphia 
when quite young, as he engraved, in 1815-18, a portrait 
of Dr. Caspar Wistar for “Delaplaine’s Gallery.” 

John B. Neagle was a very good line-engraver and 
produced a considerable number of portraits and book 
illustrations; his small annual plates, however, represent 
his best work. Excepting in 1828-35, Neagle was a 
resident of the city of Philadelphia; and he may have 
been living in the vicinity of that city in this interval. 
In the latter part of his life he was engaged almost en- 
tirely on bank-note work. 


NESMITH, J. H. 

In 1805-18 this line-engraver was making illustra- 
tions for the encyclopedia published by S. F. Bradford, 
of Philadelphia. In 1824 his name as engraver is asso- 
ciated with that of J. B. Longacre, and in 1828 Nesmith 
was working for New Haven publishers. 


NEWCOMB, D. 

This name as engraver appears upon vignettes on the 
title-page of books published in Boston, in 1820. Judg- 
ing from his work Newcomb was probably one of the 
bank-note engravers then in business in Boston. 


NEW MAN, B. P. 
Newman was a very good engraver of landscape, 
working in New York in 1860. 
188 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


NEWSAM, ALBERT 

Born, deaf and dumb, May 20, 1809, at Steubenville, 
O.; died near Wilmington, Del., Nov. 20, 1864. New- 
sam was the son of a boatman and was left an orphan at 
an early age. He was taken from his guardian by a deaf 
impostor, who used his budding talent for drawing for 
personal gain. He was abandoned by this man in Phil- 
adelphia, early in 1820, and was taken in charge by the 
authorities of the newly founded Institute for the Deaf 
and Dumb of that city, and he was there educated. His 
natural artistic bent was cultivated by placing him un- 
der the tuition of the artists George Catlin and Hugh 
Bridport. 

In 1827 Newsam was apprenticed to Cephas G. 
Childs to be taught engraving; and: two examples 
of copperplate engraving are known to the compiler 
signed A. Newsam, sc. Deaf & Dumb, Childs dir. 
These are two good stipple-engravings of “Anna” 
and “Queen Dido,” published in the “Casket” of Phila- 
delphia. | 

But the addition of a lithographic department to the 
establishment of Mr. Childs, under the able management 
of P. S. Duval, opened up a new field of activity pecu- 
liarly adapted to the portrait-drawing ability of the 
young deaf and dumb artist. Newsam, under instruc- 
tions from Mr. Duval, made rapid progress in the art of 
drawing upon stone; and as early as 1830 he had pro- 
duced some excellent lithographic portraits. To this art 
Newsam devoted the remainder of his professional life, 
and he became the most noted and prolific lithographic 


artist of his time. 
189 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


NICHOLS, FREDERICK B. 

Born in Bridgeport, Conn., Aug. 29, 1824; living 
there in 1906. Mr. Nichols learned to engrave with the 
New York firm of Rawdon, Wright, Hatch & Smillie, 
Mr. Smillie being his chief instructor. He then went in- 
to business for himself, and about 1846 he published 
“Nichols Illustrated New York,” with views engraved 
by himself. In 1848 he invented a process for relief- 
engraving. Mr. Nichols was a good landscape engraver 
and did considerable work for the New York publishers; 
but in 1858 he abandoned engraving with the intention 
of promoting certain inventions of his own. 

In 1865 he went to Nova Scotia, was engaged in min- 
ing engineering, and became a professor of chemistry 
and geology in one of the Canadian colleges, though he 
continued to make reports upon mining properties. Re- 
turning to the United States in 1884, he resumed en- 
graving for one year with William Wellstood, in New 
York. Mr. Nichols then settled down in the place of his 
birth, where he is still living at an advanced age. 


NORMAN, JOHN 

According to the “New England Palladium & Com- 
mercial Advertiser,” June 10, 1817, John Norman died 
in Boston, June 8, 1817, “aged 69 years.” That he was 
an Englishman is shown by his advertisement in the 
“Pennsylvania Journal” of May 11, 1774, which prob- 
ably notes his first appearance in this country. It is as 
follows: 

“John Norman, Architect and Landscape Engraver, 
from London. Takes this method to acquaint the Pub- 

190 


Osrr 1800 


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. 


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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


lic, that he has taken an Apartment at Mr. Dowey’s, 
Goldsmith, in Front-Street, near the Coffee-House 
(Philadelphia), where he intends carrying on the said 
art. Any Gentlemen, who please to favour him with 
their commands, may depend on having their work care- 
fully and expeditiously executed on the lowest terms 
and in the best manner. 

“N.B. Booksellers, in any part of America, may be 
supplied with frontispieces of any kind, as reasonable as 
in England, and great care will be taken to dispatch at 
the time they are wanted.” 

The same journal, for Aug. 17, 1774, shows that Nor- 
man had taken to himself a partner, and the advertise- 
ment enters more into the detail of his business, as 
follows: 

“Norman and Ward. Engravers and Drawing- 
Masters. 'Take this method to acquaint the Public that 
they have opened a shop in Front-Street . . . where they 
neatly engrave— Shop Bills; Bills of Exchange; Bills of 
Lading; Bills of Parcels; Maps; Portraits; Landskips; 
Frontis Pieces; Stone Stamps and Dies; Clock and 
Watch Gearing; Architecture; Devices for News- 
Papers, &c. Watch Cases neatly and elegantly orna- 
mented; Plate and all Sorts of Silversmith’s Work; 
Views and Charts; Copper Printing; with many other 
Things too tedious to mention in an Advertisement . . . 
They have likewise opened an Evening Drawing School.” 

The first engraved work of Norman known to the 
writer is found in “Swan’s British Architect, or the 
Builders Treasury of Stair-cases,” published by Robert 
Bell, in Philadelphia, July 5, 1775. This book was illus- 

191 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


trated by 100 plans of stairways, etc. “curiously en- 
graved on Sixty Folio Copper-Plates by John Norman, 
Architect-Engraver.” At nearly the same time, Norman 
engraved diagrams for “The Prussian Evolutions in 
Actual Engagements,” by Thomas Hanson. Proposals 
for printing the latter book by subscription were pub- 
lished in the “Pennsylvania Gazette,” July 19, 1775. 

In 1776 “John Norman, Printseller and Engraver,” 
was located on Second Street, near Spruce Street, Phila- 
delphia; and from that place he announced the publica- 
tion and sale of “A Map of the Present Seat of War, 
with the Harbour of New York and Perth-Amboy. 
Price Two Shillings and Sixpence.” He was still en- 
graving in Philadelphia in 1780; but in 1781 he engraved 
the title and music for “The Psalm-singer’s Amusement, ’ 
published in Boston, and he was then living in the latter 
city. For the Boston edition of “An Impartial History 
of the War, etc.,” 1782, Norman engraved his well- 
known series of portraits; and in November, 1783, Nor- 
man & White issued the first number of the “Boston 
Magazine,” published under the auspices of a “Society 
for compiling a Magazine in the Town of Boston,” and 
illustrated by plates engraved by Norman. Owing to 
some disagreement with members of the Society Nor- 
man’s connection with the publication ceased in July, 
1784. He then seemingly went into the book-publishing 
business on his own account, and Dr. Samuel A. Green 
eredits him with publishing the first Boston directory of 
1789. Of his later life very little is known, other than 
that he was engraving for New York publishers as late 
as 1811. | | 

192 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


As an engraver Norman’s earlier work was exceed- 
ingly crude, and a number of his plates are more or less 
modified copies of English originals. Some few of his 
later plates show decided improvement. His chief claim 
to fame is the fact that he was probably the first engraver 
in America to attempt a portrait of Washington, about 
1779. William Dunlap’s assertion that Norman was a 
pupil of Sir Godfrey Kneller is met by the fact that Sir 
Godfrey died in 1728, many years before Norman was 
born. 


O'BRIEN, R. 
This portrait-engraver worked for many years for the 
New York engraver A. H. Ritchie. 


O'NEILL, JOHN A. 

Born in New Jersey, and as an engraver he worked 
chiefly in the city of New York, engraving portraits and 
historical subjects. During the Cleveland administra- 
tion, O’Neill was chief engraver to the Treasury Depart- 
ment at Washington, D. C. In 1876 he was mayor of 
Hoboken, N. J. 


OAKLEY, F. F. 

About 1860 Oakley was engraving vignettes in line, 
at 204 Washington St., Boston. His work is very good, 
though very few signed plates have been seen, and he 
was probably a bank-note engraver. 


OERTEL, JOHANNES ADAM 
Born in Furth, near Nuremberg, Germany, Nov. 3, 
1828; living in 1901. Oertel was apprenticed to. J. M. 
| 193 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


HK. Muller, a well-known engraver of Nuremberg, and 
remained with him until his twenty-fifth year, thoroughly 
mastering the art of engraving. He then studied art at 
Munich, under Peter von Cornelius, Schwanthaler, and 
Kaulbach; but as a result of the German revolution of 
1848 he came to America and settled in Newark, N. J. 
He at first tried painting and then resorted to engray- 
ing, doing much work for the bank-note companies. He 
finally attained success with his pictures of army life done 
from studies made in Virginia during the Civil War. In 
1867 he was made a deacon in the Episcopal Church at 
Westerly, R. I.; and a few years later he was ordained 
to the priesthood at his parish church in Lenior, N. C. 
He was rector of a number of churches and was professor 
in an art school in St. Louis for two years. About 1857 
he assisted in decorating the Capitol at Washington. 


OKEY, SAMUEL 

John Chaloner Smith, in his “British Mezzotints,” 
says that Samuel Okey, an engraver in mezzotint, was 
awarded premiums, in 1765 and 1767, by the London 
Society of Arts, presumedly for his engravings. 

Soon after the date mentioned Samuel Okey must 
have sailed for America. In 1778, ’74 and ’75 he was en- 
graving and publishing portraits in mezzotint in New- 
port, R. I., his business partner being Charles Reak. 


ORMSBY, WATERMAN LILLY 
Born in Hampton, Windham Co., Conn., in 1809; 
died in Brooklyn, N. Y., Nov. 1, 1883. Ormsby was a 
student in the National Academy of Design in 1829; and 
194 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


though his preceptor in engraving is unknown, he was 
engraving over his own name in Albany, N. Y., at an 
early date; he was also engraving for Carter, Andrews & 
Co., of Lancaster, Mass. Being of a decided mechanical 
bent of mind he invented a ruling-machine, a transfer- 
press, and a “grammagraph,” a device for engraving on 
steel directly from medals, medallions, etc.; this latter 
machine, or a modification of it, was called a “panto- 
graph.” With these machines he produced much work. 
Ormsby was a very excellent line-engraver and was one 
of the founders of the Continental Bank Note Co., of 
New York; and in 1852 he published “Ormsby’s Bank- 
Note Engraving.” It is claimed that he assisted S. F. 
B. Morse and Henry A. Munson in the invention of the 
Morse alphabet. 


OSBORN, M. 

This stipple-engraver of portraits was working in 
Baltimore, Md., in 1812. In 1820 Osborn was located in 
Philadelphia. 


OSBORN, MILO 


In 1886 this very clever line-engraver of portraits and 
landscape was employed in New York; he was later 
working for Philadelphia magazines. One of his con- 
temporaries says that he became dissipated and disap- 
peared. 


OSTRANDER, P. 
This man was a landscape engraver working in New 
York, and then in Cincinnati, O., in 1850-55. 
195 


\ 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


OTIS, BASS : | 

Born in Massachusetts in 1784; died in Philadelphia, 
Nov. 30, 1861. Otis was apprenticed to a scythe-maker 
in his early youth; he is supposed to have taught himself 
to draw and to paint, and in 1808 he was painting por- 
traits in New York. In 1812 he opened a studio in 
Philadelphia and lived there for the remainder of his 
life, devoting himself almost solely to portrait work. 

As an engraver he made a few attempts at portraits in 
aquatint, sometimes helped out by stipple; the best of 
these efforts is his portrait of Rev. Abner Kneeland, pub- — 
lished in 1818. He also experimented in lithography, and 
made the first lithographic prints in the United States; 
these were published in the “Analectic Magazine,” for 
July, 1819. In 1815 he invented a “perspective protrac- 
tor,” which was highly commended by Sully, Birch, 
Lawson, 'Tiebout, and others. Bass Otis was married to 
Miss Susan Pierie, of Philadelphia. 

Two rare but artistically engraved mezzotints are 
known, both engraved after paintings by Bass Otis, but 
unsigned by the engraver. The manner in which the 
plates have been prepared for the engraver would in- 
dicate the work of a novice in the art, and they may pos- 
sibly be further “experiments” by Otis himself. 


OURDAN, JOSEPH JAMES PROSPER 

Born in Marseilles, France, March, 1803; died in 
Washington, D. C., Oct. 25, 1874. Jos. J. P. Ourdan 
came to New York in 1821; removed later to Philadel- 
phia; and having been taught to engrave by his son, 


Joseph P. Ourdan, he became an expert letter engraver. 
196 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


In this capacity he was employed by the U.S. Treasury 
Department, at Washington, from 1866 until his death. 


OURDAN, JOSEPH PROSPER 


Born in New York City, Feb. 16, 1828; died in Wash- 
ington, D. C., May 10, 1881. Joseph P. Ourdan was the 
son of the above, and served his apprenticeship as an en- 
graver with W. L. Ormsby, of New York. Over his own 
name he engraved in line some good portraits and illus- 
trative works for the book publishers; and the firm of 
Packard & Ourdan produced portraits in mezzotint. But 
he early became interested in bank-note work and was in 
the employ of the Continental and the National bank- 
note companies, of New York, and the American Bank 
Note Company, of Philadelphia. Ourdan then entered 
the service of the Treasury Department in Washington 
and in time became the chief of the Bureau of Engrav- 
ing and Printing. While in this bureau he engraved the 
portraits of a number of persons notable during the Civil 
War; including among these the head of S. P. Chase on 
the one-dollar bill, and the head of L. P. Skinner on the 
fractional currency. He engraved other admirable por- 
traits for the bank-note companies. 


OURDAN, VINCENT LE COMTE 


Born in Brooklyn, N. Y., in 1855. He served his ap- 
prenticeship as an engraver with the Columbian Bank 
Note Company, of Washington, D. C., from 1875 to 
1878; for a time he was employed in the Bureau of En- 
graving and Printing, and then returned to the Colum- 
bian Company and was with this company until it went 

197 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


out of business. In 1882 Mr. Ourdan went to the U. s. 
Hydrographic Office, in Washington, and he there 
created the Mechanical Engraving Department. He in- 
vented six separate machines for mechanically perform- 
ing much of the work upon maps and charts that had 
previously been done by hand, and thus more than 
trebled the output in a given time. Mr. Ourdan was 
the chief of this department until 1901, when he resigned 
under an engagement to install a complete set of his ma- 
chines in the Japanese Hydrographic Office, and to in- 
struct the Japanese in the art of both hand and machine 
engraving. 


PAGE, WILLIAM 

Born in Albany, N. Y., Jan. 23, 1811; died in Totten- 
ville, Staten Island, N. Y., Oct. 1, 1885. William Page 
commenced the study of law in New York, but soon 
abandoned this profession for art, and became a pupil of 
James Herring and S. F. B. Morse. But he again 
changed his mind and studied theology for two years at 
Amherst and Andover. He left these institutions and 
resumed painting in Albany and New York, and there- 
after he adhered to the palette, and became president of 
the National Academy of Design in 1871-73. His ven- 
tures in engraving were made as early as 1834; and he 
then engraved in mezzotint a very excellent quarto por- 
trait of Rev. James Milnor. He engraved about the 
same time a mezzotint portrait of Edwin Forrest, which 
Dunlap pronounced “the best specimen of that art pro- 
duced by an American.” 

198 


_ JAMES A. BAYARD 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
PALMER, J. , 


A number of large and fairly well-executed Bible 
illustrations, published in New York in 1826, are signed 
Jd. Palmer, Sc. 


PAPPRILL, HENRY 


This engraver in aquatint produced at least two very 
large plates. One shows New York as seen from Gov- 
ernor’s Island; and the other is a most interesting and 
detailed view over the city from the steeple of St. Paul’s 
Church. The first was engraved from a sketch made by 
I’. Catherwood, and the other from a drawing by J. W. 
Hill. These plates were published in New Yorkin 1849, 
and the view from St. Paul’s steeple was reissued in 1855 
with many changes in the buildings shown. There were 
also several editions of the other plate. 


PAQUET, ANTHONY C. 

Born in Hamburg, Germany, in 1814; died in 1882. 
Paquet came to the United States in 1848 and found 
employment here as a die-sinker. From 1857 until 1864 
he was assistant engraver of the U. S. Mint at Phila- 
delphia. Among others he engraved the dies for medals 
of Buchanan, Everett, Grant, and Johnson. 


PARADISE, JOHN WESLEY 
Born in New Jersey in 1809; died in New York Aug. 
17, 1862. John W. Paradise was the son of John Para- 
dise, an American portrait-painter who was born in 1783 
and died in 1884. The son was a pupil of A. B. Durand 
and in time became an admirable line-engraver of por- 
199 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


traits. He was one of the founders of the National 
Academy in 1826. Later in life John W. Paradise was 
chiefly employed as a bank-note engraver, and he was 
working in this branch of his profession up to the time 
of his death. 


PARKER, CHARLES H. 

Born in Salem, Mass., about 1795; died in Philadel- 
phia in 1819. Parker was a pupil of Gideon Fairman; 
worked in Europe for a time, and about 1812 he was in 
business as an engraver in Philadelphia. He is referred 
to as the “best engraver of script, maps and ornament of 
his time.’ He was the engraver of the beautiful script 
on the title-page of the “Analectic Magazine,” of Phila- 
delphia, and did considerable work of this character. 


PARKER, GEORGE 

Born in England and was engraving excellent stipple 
portraits in London in December, 1832. He came to the 
United States, about 1834, to work for Longacre & 
Herring on the “National Portrait Gallery” plates, and 
he seemingly remained continuously in this country un- 
til his death, which occurred about 1868. Parker en- 
graved a considerable number of good portraits. 


PARKYNS, GEORGE ISHAM 
This English artist and designer for engravers came 
to Philadelphia about 1795. His only known print is a 
large and good aquatint view of Mount Vernon. He is 
said to have been employed by T. B. Freeman, the 
Philadelphia publisher of books and prints. 
200 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
PAUL, E. 


The only known print of this man is a large and ex- 
cellent mezzotint portrait of Henry Clay, published by 
R. A. Bachia, New York, 1855. This print is signed 
King'd by E. Paul. 


PEABODY, M. M. 


The earliest plate by this engraver seen by the com- 
piler is a very large and very crudely executed engray- 
ing of “The Unjust Sentence of the Jews against Jesus 
Christ the Saviour of the World.” This print was en- 
graved and published in 1823, without noting the place 
of publication; but in 18385 M. M. Peabody was located 
in Utica, N. Y., and engraved maps in line and general 
book illustrations in stipple in that town. A few por- 
- traits, signed M. Peabody, were probably the work of 
the above. _ 


PEALE, CHARLES WILSON 

Born in Charlestown, Md., April 16, 1741; died in 
Philadelphia, Feb. 22, 1827. Peale is said to have been 
apprenticed to a saddier in Annapolis, Md.; but he went 
to Boston to study art, and in 1768-69 he is credited with 
having received some instruction from J. S. Copley in 
that city. About this time he went to London with let- 
ters to Benjamin West and received some encourage- 
ment from him. In London Peale learned to paint min- 
iatures, to engrave in mezzotint, to mold in wax, and to 
work in plaster. 

He returned to Annapolis; but was in Philadelphia in 

201 


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1775, and at once took an active part in the Revolution 
and in State politics. He was a captain of volunteers at 
the Battle of Trenton, and he represented Philadelphia 
in the Pennsylvania Legislature of 1779. While in the 
army, and afterward, Peale painted the portraits of a 
large number of men prominent at that time in military 
affairs, besides doing much work in ordinary portrait- 
painting. | 

Peale was deeply interested in the study of natural 
history; and the finding of the remains of a “mammoth” 
in Ulster Co., N. Y., practically induced him to estab- 
lish in Philadelphia his once famous Museum, opened to 
the public in 1802. To this institution he devoted the re- 
mainder of his life. 

As an engraver in mezzotint Peale did good work; 
though his plates are few and very scarce. 


PEASE, JOSEPH IVES 


Born in Norfolk, Conn., Aug. 9, 1809; died at ‘Twin 
Lakes, near Salisbury, Conn., July 2, 1883. In his early 
youth Pease showed very considerable mechanical abil- 
ity, and among other things he designed and built a 
power-loom and also invented a propeller for boats. He 
finally became an apprentice with the Hartford engraver 
Oliver Pelton, and remained with him until 1830. In 
1835 Pease located himself in Philadelphia and engraved 
portraits for the National Portrait Gallery and did a 
considerable amount of work for the Annuals; these 
small plates are the best examples of his skill as an en- 
graver in line. In 1848 he went to Stockbridge, Mass., 
and finally settled on the farm where he died. He prac- 

202 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


tically devoted the later portion of his life to bank-note 
engraving. | 


PEASE, RICHARD H. 
Was an engraver of landscape working in New York 
and in Albany about 1857. 


PEASLEY, A. M. 


Was a map engraver working at Newburyport, Mass., 
in 1804. Examples of his work are to be found in “The 
American Coast Pilot,” by Capt. Lawrence Furlong, 
printed for Kd. M. Blount, Boston. He also engraved 
at least one portrait—that of Saurin—executed in line 
combined with roulette work. 


PEKENINO, MICHELE 
About all that we know of Pekenino is to be gathered 
from Italian inscriptions and varied signatures on his 
prints. On his portrait of A. B. Durand, engraved in 
New York in 1820, Michele Pekenino calls himself an: 
architect, “a native of Sallassa Contrada, in the vicinity 
of Cortereggio, a land lying at the foot of the Alps on 
the banks of the river Baltea.” On another print, of 
1821, he styles himself “architect, designer and en- 
graver’; and on the portrait of Pekenino engraved by 
A. B. Durand the latter calls him a “pen-designer,” and 
adds that “None but Nature taught him.” On a small 
portrait of Bolivar, Pekenino signs his name as “Il 
Canavasano del. e se.’’; and he dedicates another print to 
the friends of “St. Giorgio Canavese in Piemonte.” 
When he added a border and relettered and issued his 

203 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


portrait of Durand as a portrait of the Liberator, Boli- 
var, he employed the fictitious signature of “St. Giorgio 
Sc.” 

From all of this we gather that Pekenino was prob- 
ably an architectural draftsman and later an engraver 
in the stipple manner, and that he was a native of a 
small village in Piedmont. Diligent search has failed to 
exactly locate Sallassa Contrada; but enough is known 
to place it on the Dora Baltea River, somewhere between 3 
the towns of Biella and Aosta, and about fifty miles due 
north of Turin. The use of the terms “Il Canavasano” 
and “Canavese” is doubtless due to the fact that this dis- 
trict is called La Canavese, and is devoted to hemp- 
growing. The occurrence of the letter “k” in Pekenino 
makes it a very unusual Italian name; and there is Justa 
suspicion that it was an assumed name, and that St. 
Giorgio was his real family name. 

Michele Pekenino appears in New York in 1820, and 
his latest prints are dated in 1822, so that his stay here 
was a comparatively short one; though he engraved 
about thirty plates while in the United States. He was 
located in Philadelphia in 1821-22. That he was an in- 
timate friend of A. B. Durand is shown by each engrav- 
ing the other’s portrait and adding very friendly inscrip- 
tions. But Dunlap’s story that Durand taught Peke- 
nino to engrave is very dubious, to say the least. Durand 
was a line-engraver; and Pekenino’s portrait of Durand, 
done evidently soon after his arrival in New York, is 
executed in stipple and is a most excellent piece of work, 
showing the touch of a master rather than that of an 
apprentice. : 

204 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


Nagler, in his “Kunstler-Lexicon,” refers to a ‘““Peke- 
nino,’ a copperplate engraver, and “probably a pupil of 
Longhi.” But Nagler seems to base this statement upon 
the only print by Pekenino seen by him—‘“‘a good copy 
of Longhi’s engraving of Raphael’s Spozalizio.” This is 
doubtless the Michele Pekenino here noted, and the print 
referred to may have been engraved after he left the 
United States. 

As before mentioned, Pekenino engraved about thirty 
plates for American publishers. ‘These are delicately 
done, are unusually small in size, and in the majority of 
them the portrait is inclosed in an ornamented and sus- 
pended frame. He evidently retained the Durand plate; 
as, probably under financial stress, he added a ruled 
rectangle to the oval portrait of Durand—without 
changing the portrait, however. This altered plate: he 
relettered “Bolivar, General y Presidente de la Repub- 
lica de Colombia,” with fictitious signatures for painter 
and engraver, and he probably sold impressions as por- 
traits of the then popular Liberator. Nothing is known 
of Pekenino after his departure from the United mae 
in 1822. 


PELHAM, HENRY 

Born in Boston, Feb. 14, 1749; ‘ccidaitally drowned 
in Ireland in 1806. Henry Pelham was the son of Peter 
Pelham and his second wife, Mary Singleton Copley; 
he was thus the half-brother of John Singleton Copley. 

The late Wm. H. Whitmore says that Henry Pel- 
ham certainly engraved a picture of “The Finding of 
Moses,” but he neither describes the print nor does he 

205 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


give his authority. The late Paul Leicester Ford also . 
prints a letter of March 29, 1770, from H. Pelham to 
“Mr. Paul Revere,” in which he says: “When I heard 
that you was cutting a plate of the late Murder, I 
thought it impossible as I knew you was not capable of 
doing it unless you copied it from mine, ete.” In another 
letter to Charles Pelham, written May 1, 1770, Henry 
Pelham says: “Inclosed I send you two of my pie of 
the late Massacre.” 

No such prints by Pelham are known. But several 
water-color copies of the Massacre picture have been 
preserved, which are exactly the same in design as the 
Revere plate, but much superior to it in the details and in 
the expression of the faces. Some claim that these water- 
colors are the work of Henry Pelham, and are the 
“prints” referred to, and that Revere used one of these as 
the original of his plate, and hence the complaint of Pel- 
ham to Revere. 


PELHAM, PETER 

Born in England; buried in Boston, Mass., on Dee. 
14, 1751. The late Mr. Wm. H. Whitmore published in 
Boston, in 1867, notes concerning Peter Pelham, which 
corrected a number of errors into which previous biog- 
raphers had fallen. According to these notes, Peter Pel- 
ham was living in London in 1722; as his son Peter was 
baptized at St. Paul, Covent Garden, Dec. 17, 1721, and 
his son Charles was baptized at the same place, Dec. 9, 
1722. He was engraving in London, at least, until 
1725. 

He arrived in Boston prior to 1727, as in that teen he 

206 


Rev. JONATHAN EDWARDS, D.D. 


PRESIDENT OF UNION COLLEGE . 


is 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


painted, engraved, and published a portrait of Cotton 
Mather. His son William was baptized in Boston, Feb. 
22, 1729; and the Boston newspapers show that he was 
painting, engraving, and teaching school in that city in 
the period 1734—48. His first wife, Mary Pelham, hav- 
ing died in Boston on May 22, 1748, he married Mrs. 
Mary Singleton Copley, the widow of Richard Copley 
and the mother of the American artist John Singleton 
Copley, who was born July 3, 1737. The records of 
Trinity Church, Boston, show that Peter Pelham died 
some time in December, 1751, as he was buried on Dec. 
14, 1751. | 

Pelham’s widow died in May, 1789, leaving as her 
executor her “good friend Charles Pelham, of Newton.” 
By his second wife, Peter Pelham left a son, Henry Pel- 
ham, born Feb. 14, 1749. This Henry Pelham made 
surveys for a map of Boston published in London in 
1777. He later went to Ireland; became agent for the 
Kerry estates of Lord Landsdowne, and was acciden- 
tally drowned in 1806. | 
_ The blunders of various biographers of Pelham are 
pointed out by John Chaloner Smith, in his “British 
Mezzotinto Portraits.” Redgrave says that he was born 
in 1648 and died in 1738; whereas his first dated prints 
were published in 1721, and he really died in 1751. 
Other biographers place his death at about the time he 
disappeared from London. 

Pelham’s marriage to the mother of John Singleton 
Copley also disposes of a common statement that Copley 
was a self-taught artist. It is more than probable that 
Pelham instructed his stepson in drawing, painting, and 

207 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


engraving; and at least one mezzotint portrait done by 
Copley would bear out this conclusion. 

Peter Pelham was a good engraver of portraits in 
mezzotint and was the first of record to practise that 
branch of the engraver’s art in an American Colony. 
His plates are scarce and are very highly prized by col- 
lectors of early American engravings. 


PELTON, OLIVER | 

Born in Portland, Conn., Aug. 15, 1799; was living in 
Hartford, Conn., in 1860. Pelton was first a pupil and 
then a partner of Abner Reed, in Hartford. In 1827 he 
was established as an engraver in Boston; and in 1836 he 
was engaged in the bank-note business in Boston with 
W.D. Terry, as Pelton & Terry. 

Pelton was a fairly good line-engraver of portraits, 
and he also engraved some small plates for the Annuals. 


PERINE, GEORGE EDWARD 

Born in South Orange, Essex Co., N. J., July 9, 
1887; died in Brooklyn, N. Y., Feb. 3, 1885. Mr. Perine 
was of Huguenot and Dutch descent, his ancestors hav- 
ing settled on Staten Island and in Ulster County prior 
to the Revolution. On May 25, 1852, he commenced en- 
graving under 'Thomas Doney, of New York, and in 
1856—58 he was with W. W. Rice, an excellent line and 
bank-note engraver of Scotch Plains. During this time 
and before he was nineteen years old, he engraved in 
mezzotint his large plate of “The Signing of the Com- 
pact in the Cabin of the Mayflower.” In 1858—60 Mr. 
Perine was in the employ of New York engravers, and 

208 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


in the latter year he began engraving on his own account 
and established, in time, an extensive and very successful 
business in New York City. Portrait engraving formed 
the chief part of his work; and while he employed many 
engravers in his establishment he is said to have finished 
every plate himself. 


PERKINS, E. G. 

A line portrait of no particular merit, published by 
Samuel W. Wheeler, of Providence, R. I., in 1831, is 
signed HE. G. Perkins, Sc. 


PERKINS, JACOB 

Born in Newburyport, Mass., July 9, 1766; died in 
London, England, July 30, 1849. Perkins is not known 
to have been, himself, an engraver upon copperplate, but 
his influence upon the development of bank-note engrav- 
ing was so marked that he deserves mention among en- 
gravers. As a silversmith in his native town he made the 
dies for the Massachusetts copper coinage of 1787, and 
he was early prominent as an inventor of machines for 
various purposes. In 1810 he found means for the im- 
portant substitution of steel for copper plates in engrav- 
ing bank-notes, thus greatly prolonging the life of the 
plate. Perkins at that time was located in Newburyport, 
Mass., associated with Gideon F'airman; and in 1810 the 
firm of Perkins & Fairman published “Perkins & Fair- 
man’s Running Hand. Stereographic Copies. Patent 
Steel Plates.” This was a copy-book, and was probably 
the first publication in this country using the steel plates. 

In 1814 Perkins came to Philadelphia, and as a mem- 

209 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


ber of the firm of Murray, Draper, Fairman & Co., he 
made further and valuable improvements in the processes 
for manufacturing bank-notes. In 1818, with Fairman, 
Asa Spencer, and others, Perkins went to England to 
compete for the prize offered for a method of preventing 
forgery of bank-notes. As a result of this effort the firm 
of Perkins & Heath was organized in London for the 
production of bank-notes, etc., by the “Patent Hardened 
Steel Process.” While in London, Perkins perfected his 
process for transferring engravings from one steel plate 
to another; and among other devices, at that time, he in- 
vented a steam-gun and an improved steam-engine. 


PERKINS, JOSEPH | 

Born in Unity, N. H., Aug. 19, 1788; died in New 
York City, April 27, 1842. Joseph Perkins graduated 
from Williams College in 1814; in 1818 he went to Phila- 
delphia and there learned script engraving. He estab- 
lished himself in business in that city; but in 1825 he re- 
moved to New York and with A. B. Durand became 
a member of the bank-note engraving firm of Durand, 
Perkins & Co. When Mr. Durand abandoned engraving 
for painting, Joseph Perkins continued in business as a 
script engraver, with an office at No. 4 John Street, New 


York. 


PHILLIBROWNE, THOMAS 


Born in London and is said to have been a pupil of 
the Findens in that city. He was engraving admirable 
portraits in pure line in London in 1884; and came to 
the United States prior to 1851, as in that year he en- 

210 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


graved a full-length portrait of Louis Kossuth for Bos- 
ton publishers. He was working upon illustrations to 
Cooper’s works, in New York, as late as 1860. Mr. 
Alfred Jones says that Phillibrowne was a very eccentric 
character, peculiar in appearance; and he claimed that 
his personal friend Hablot Knight Brown, or “Phiz,” 
had used him as a model for the familiar “Mr. Pickwick” 
in his original illustrations to that story of Dickens. 


PHILLIPS, CHARLES 


This excellent engraver of portraits in stipple was lo- 
cated in New York in 1842, and was an Englishman by 
birth. Very little work is signed by him; and it is said 
that he went into the employ of the Government at 


Washington, D. C. 


PICART, B. 

This apparently fictitious signature, either as designer 
or engraver, is signed to a large and poorly engraved 
plate published by H. D. Robinson, New York, seem- 
ingly about 1800. The print is entitled “Church and 
State,” and is a caricature dealing with the doctrines of 
Thomas Paine. 


~PIERPONT, BENJAMIN, JR. 


Pierpont engraved upon copper the music and words 
of “The Singing Masters Assistant; or Key to Practical 
Music. By William Billings, Author of the New Eng- 
land Psalm-Singer, etc. Boston, (New England). 
Printed by Draper and Folsom, 1778.” A hye 

This singing-book is an oblong quarto, and on the last 

211 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


page of music the engraver signs himself as Hngrav’d by 
Benj* Pierpont Junt Roxbury, 1778. 

In writing concerning engravers upon silver-plate, the 
late Samuel Davis, of Plymouth, Mass., mentions among 
other engravers of this class, one “Pierpont,” who was 
working in New England about 1770. ‘This may be the 
engraver of the above music. 


PIGGOT, ROBERT 

Born in New York City, May 20, 1795; died in Sykes- 
ville, Md., July 23, 1887. Piggot was a pupil of David 
Edwin, in Philadelphia, and at the termination of his 
apprenticeship he associated himself in business with his 
fellow apprentice Charles Goodman. This firm of Good- 
man & Piggot produced a considerable number of good 
stipple portraits for the magazines of the period. 

Piggot, however, soon abandoned engraving for the 
church, and on Nov. 80, 1828, he was ordained a priest in 
the Protestant Episcopal Church by Bishop White. He 
held several charges in Pennsylvania and Maryland, and 
about 1856 he was “Professor of graphics and the fine 
arts” in the Newton University of Baltimore, Md. In 
1869 he was called to Sykesville, Md., and he was rector 
of Holy Trinity parish of that place until his death. 

He continued to engrave for some time after he en- 
tered upon holy orders, as we find several portrait plates 
signed Rev. Robert Piggot, Sculpt. 


PLATT, H. 
A well-executed stipple portrait of Samuel Thomson, 
Botanist, is prefixed to his “New Guide to Health,” Bos- 
212 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


ton, 1832. This plate is simply signed H. Platt; and 
while this signature is assumed to be that of the engraver, 
it may also indicate the painter. No other engraved work 
of Platt is known to the writer. 


PLOCHER, JACOB J. 

This landscape engraver died in Philadelphia, Dec. 
27, 1820. From 1815 to 1818 Plocher had an engraving 
establishment in that city in the Shakspere Building; but 
before this date he did considerable work for the ency- 
clopedia published by S. F. Bradford, Philadelphia, 
1808-11. He engraved at least one meritorious large 
plate, a view of the Upper Ferry bridge over the Schuy]- 
kill River, Philadelphia. 


POLLOCK, T. 

In 1839 Pollock was engraving portraits in line in 
Providence, R. I. He was later apparently a member of 
the New York engraving firm of Pollock & Doty. 


PORTER, J. T. 

In 1815 this mediocre line-engraver of historical plates 
signed himself as of Middletown, Conn. The only plates 
found are in the ‘Narrative of John R. Jewett,” etc., 
published by Loomis & Richards, Middletown, Conn., 
1815. 


POSSELWHITE, GEORGE W. 

Born in England about 1822; living in New York in 
1899. Posselwhite was an admirable engraver of land- 
scape and subject plates. He came to the United States 

218 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


about 1850 and was largely employed in New York and 
Philadelphia. | 


POUPARD, JAMES 


In the “Pennsylvania Gazette,” Philadelphia, Dec. 9, 
1772, this engraver advertises as follows: 

“James Poupard, Engraver, Jeweller and Goldsmith. 
From London. Begs Leave to inform the Public, that 
he hath opened Shop, in Front-street, two doors from 
Chesnut-street, on the bank side; where he intends to 


follow his business, in its several branches. Makes and © 


Sells all sorts of Jeweller’s and Goldsmith’s work in gen- 
eral in the neatest and newest fashions, and at the most 
reasonable rates; engraves all sorts of silver and copper 
plates; also arms, crests, cyphers, &c. on seals, in gold, 
silver, copper or steel; likewise makes and engraves 
mourning rings, with the utmost expedition; also tips, in 
the neatest manner, in gold or silver. He gives the ut- 
most value for old gold and silver.” 

The earliest engraving by Poupard of which we have 
any note is mentioned in the “Gazette” of June 29, 1774. 
James Humphreys, Jr., announces the publication of 
“The Search after Happiness, a Pastoral Drama, by 
Miss More, (Embellished with an elegant Copperplate 
Frontispiece, engraved by James Poupard, of this 
City). This print has not been seen by the writer; and 
Mr. Hildeburn, in his “Issues of the Press of Pennsy]- 
vania,” notes this work of Hannah More, but he makes 
no mention of the frontispiece. 

But in 1775 Poupard engraved the portrait of Dr. 
Goldsmith for the “Pennsylvania Magazine”; in 1788— 

214 


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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


89 he was engraving diagrams, etc., for the “Trans- 
actions of the American Philosophical Society”; and as 
a “seal and die engraver” his name appears continuously 
in the Philadelphia directories for 1793-1807, inclusive. 

Poupard then removed to New York, and was en- 
graving on wood for New York publishers in 1814. A 
fairly well-executed portrait of John Wesley may be 
ascribed to this latter period. 

Westcott, in his “History of Philadelphia,” says that 
Poupard was at one time an actor, and came to Phila- 
delphia from the Island of Martinique. He further says 
that he married in this country a woman of strong reli- 
gious principles, “inclined to the Methodist connection.” 
Poupard, as a consequence, conducted himself with a 
fitting gravity in his own home; but he is accused of lead- 
ing a somewhat riotous life when away from home and 
in congenial company. 


PRICE, GEORGE 

Born in England in 1826. This landscape engraver 
was a pupil of the Findens, in London. Price came to 
the United States in 1853, did considerable work here, 
and returned to England in 1864. 


PRUD’HOMME, JOHN FRANCIS EUGENE 
Born in the Island of St. Thomas, West Indies, Oct. 

4, 1800; living in Georgetown, D. C., in 1888. His 

parents came to the United States in 1807 and settled in 

New York in 1809. About 1814 Prud’>homme was ap- 

prenticed to his brother-in-law Thomas Gimbrede to 

learn engraving, and was engraving over his own name 

215 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


in New York in 1821. He became a reputable engraver 
of portraits in stipple, though his best work is represented 
by his small plates executed for the Annuals, about 1839. 
Among these “The Velvet Hat” and “Friar Puck” are 
to be especially admired. In 1852 Prud’homme became 
interested in bank-note work, and from 1869 to 1885 he 
was employed by the Treasury Department.at W ashing- 
ton, D. C. Prud’homme was made an Academician of 
the National Academy of Design in 1846, and in 1834-53 
he was the curator of the Academy. | 


PUNDERSON,L.S. 


This excellent engraver of portraits in stipple was 
working in New York in 1850—55. 


PURSELL, HENRY 


In the “New York Mercury,” May 29, 1775, Henry 
Pursell advertises that he has removed “from Broadway 
to Dock Street, near the Old Coffee House, where he 
carries on the engraving Business in its different 
branches, viz., Copperplates of all kinds, Arms, crests, 
cyphers, etc., on plate. Ditto on watches. Ditto on seals 
of any metals. Types, Free Mason Medals. Gun fur- 
niture, Harness ditto, Cyphers, etc., on whips. Mourn- 
ing rings. Door plates, Dog Collars, ete.” 

This advertisement well exhibits the varied character 
of the engraver’s work of that period. Pursell also prob- — 
ably engraved in wood; as the English coat of arms in- 
cluded in the head-line of Rivington’s “Royal Gazette,” 
New York, 1780, is signed H. P. In May, 1785, the 
Comptroller-General of Pennsylvania approved the bill 

216 | ! 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


of “Henry D. Pursell” for engraving borders for the 

“New Emission Money” of that State. This is very 
probably the Pursell mentioned above. 

_ Another and perhaps a later Pursell engraved in line 
a view of “Washington College in the State of Mary- 
land.” ‘This print is signed Pursell sculpt. This is a 
fairly well-executed line-engraving (7.1% 11.10 ins.) 
and is an old plate; but it can not be positively stated’ 
that it is the work of the Henry Pursell of 1775. 


QUARRE, F. 

_ F. Quarré was a lamp-shade manufacturer located in 
_ Philadelphia in 1850, and possibly earlier. The only en- 
graved work of this man seen by the compiler is an oval 
of a very good imitation of lace, printed in white on a 
brown ground. In the center of this oval is an embossed 
view of New York, seemingly taken from Hoboken. 
Below this view is the word “New York” in white on the 
brown ground. ‘This view was used as a magazine illus- 
tration. 


RADCLIFFE, C. — 


Was a stipple-engraver of portraits and vignettes lo- 
cated in Philadelphia as early as 1805. 


RALPH, W. 

Ralph was a line-engraver of views, etc., of little 
merit. He was working in Philadelphia in 1794-1808, 
and engraved at least one plate for the “New York 
Magazine.” | 

| 217 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 

RAWDON, FREEMAN 

Born in Tolland, Conn., in 1804; was living in New 
York in 1860. Freeman Rawdon was a pupil of his 
brother Ralph Rawdon, an engraver, then of Albany, 
N. Y. In 1828 he was the Rawdon of the New York en- 
graving firm of Rawdon, Wright & Co., and Rawdon, 
Wright & Hatch, and other combinations of a later date. 
These firms conducted an extensive business in general 
and bank-note engraving, and employed many engray- 
ers. Freeman Rawdon signed very little work. 


RAWDON, RALPH 

In 1813 Ralph Rawdon was engraving in a very 
crude manner in Cheshire, Conn.; he was associated in 
this work with Thomas Kensett, the father of the Ameri- 
can artist. About 1816 Rawdon removed to Albany, N. 
Y., where he engraved stipple portraits over his own name, 
and with his brother and with A. Willard he was in the 
bank-note and general engraving business in that city. 


REASON, PHILIP H. 

This very clever engraver of portraits in stipple was a 
negro, educated and apprenticed to an engraver by cer- 
tain members of the antislavery party in New York City. 
He engraved a few good portraits; but the race prejudice 
was too strong for him and he was compelled to abandon 
engraving for other employment early in the fifties. 


REED, ABNER 
Born at East Windsor, (ban! in 1771; died in 1866; 
and was apparently engraving in Lansingburg from 
218 


| BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


1794 to 1797, and was in New York as early as 1797. In 
1803—08 he was working in Hartford, Conn., and was 
probably a member of the Graphic Company, of that 
place. Abner Reed was a stipple-engraver of portraits, 
and is referred to as the preceptor of the engravers Wil- 
lard, Pelton, Daggett, Barber, and John Cheney. The 
firm of Reed & Scoles also produced portraits in stipple; 
and a few line views of scenes in the*War of 1812, signed 
Reed, Sc. may be ascribed to him. 

Abner Reed was one of the earliest bank-note engrav- 
ers in this country. He engraved in 1792 the first notes 
of the Hartford Bank, the second oldest bank in New 
England, and he produced a very considerable quantity 
of excellent work of this class. 


REICH, JOHN 


In 1806 John Reich was a die-sinker of considerable 
merit; and he was frequently employed by Robert Scot, 
engraver of the U. S. Mint in Philadelphia, to prepare 
the dies for National coin. He engraved the dies for sev- 
eral fine medals, including Washington, after Stuart; 
Franklin, from the Houdon bust; a Peace medal of 
1783, and a tripoli medal presented to Com. Edward 
Preble in 1806. The Washington medal, after Stuart’s 
head, is advertised as issued in Philadelphia, Oct. 9, 
1806, “in commemoration of the retirement of Washing- 
ton.” The medal is described in ‘““Poulson’s Advertiser” 
as being struck in silver and bearing the following in- 
scriptions: “Face, A Head of Washington as President. 
Inscription—G. Washington. Pre. Unit. Sts. Reverse. 
The ensigns of authority (civil and military) deposited, 

219 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


in laurels, upon the tablet of the United States. Inscrip- 
tion. Commis. Resigned: Presidency Relinquished. 
1797.” 'The announcement is further made that the dies 
were executed by “the celebrated Artist John Reich; the 
likeness from a drawing of Stuart sketched on purpose.” 
Dunlap says that in consequence of ill health, Reich 
abandoned work and “went West.” 

John Reich was one of the founders of the Society of 
Artists, organized in Philadelphia in 1810, and is entered 
on the list of Fellows of the Society as “die-sinker at the 
United States Mint.” 


REICHE, F. 


This German engraver was executing crude line work 
in Philadelphia in 1795. He was engraving portraits on 
wood in 1800. 


REVERE, PAUL 

Born in Boston, Mass., Jan. 1, 1735; died there May 
10, 1818. The father of Paul Revere came from the 
Island of Guernsey and established himself in Boston as 
a goldsmith. In this business the son was trained and 
there learned to engrave upon silver-plate. 
_ Aside from some possible book-plates, his prominent 
engraved plates may be noted as follows: A portrait of 
Jonathan Mahew; The Repeal of the Stamp Act (1766) ; 
the caricature of the seventeen Rescinders and the Land- 
ing of the British Troops (1768) ; and his famous Bos- 
ton Massacre, of 1770. For the “Royal American Mag- 
azine” of 1774—75, Revere engraved a number of plates. 

220 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


His work is exceedingly crude in execution and is only 
valuable for its historical interest. 

The career of Paul Revere as a patriot is too well 
known to be mentioned here. 


REYNOLDS, THOMAS 

In the “New York Daily Advertiser,” Jan. 2, 1786, 
Thomas Reynolds advertises that he has established a 
“seal manufactory” in Philadelphia: where he engraves 
on stone arms, crests and cyphers; searches out family 
arms, descents, etc.; and he likewise cuts on brass all 
sorts of state and public seals. 


RICH, E. A. 
This portrait engraver in mezzotint was working for 
Baltimore engravers about 1845. 


RICK, JAMES R. 

Born in Syracuse, N. Y., in 1824; and studied engrav- 
ing under his brother W. W. Rice, of Rawdon, Wright, 
Hatch & Co., of New York. He removed to Philadel- 
phia in 1851, and as late as 1876 he was engraving por- 
traits there in connection with J. Earle. 


RICH, W. W. 

As mentioned above this very good line-engraver of 
portraits and subject plates was a member of the firm of 
Rawdon, Wright, Hatch & Co., of New York, in 1846; 
and he was engraving over his own name as late as 


1860. 
221 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
RICHARDSON, S. 

This man was a book-plate engraver apparently work- 
ing about 1795, but with no indication of locality. The 
one known example represents a woman with left hand 
on an anchor, with ships in the distance. In the base is a 
blank tablet surmounted by an urn. On the tablet is 
written in ink “I. H. Swale, 1795.” The plate is signed 
S. Richardson Sculpsit. 


RIDGWAY, W. 


This excellent engraver of historical subjects in line 
was working in New York in 1854 in connection with 
Wm. Wellstood, and was engraving for New York pub- 
lishers at a much later date. 3 


RILEY, —— 


This name, as “Riley, Engraver,” is signed to poorly 
engraved music and words published by J. & M. Paff, 
Nos. 2 and 8, City Hotel, Broadway, New York. The 
seeming date is about 1800. 


RITCHIE, ALEXANDER HAY 

Born in Glasgow, Scotland, Jan. 14, 1822; was living 
in Brooklyn, N. Y., in 1888. Ritchie studied drawing in 
Edinburgh under Sir Wm. Allan, and he came to New 
York in 1841.. He apparently learned to engrave after 
he reached this country ; but he ultimately established an 
extensive general engraving business in New York; his 
earlier prints being issued about 1847. Ritchie himself 
was a very clever engraver of portraits in mezzotint, and 
it is claimed that he finished every plate that went out of 

222 


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his establishment. He painted in oils; began exhibiting 
at the Academy in 1848, and was an Associate in 1863 
and an Academician of the National Academy of De- 
sign in 1871. 


ROBERTS, 
Some rather poor line book illustrations published in 
New York in 1841 are thus signed. 


ROBERTS, JOHN 

Born in Scotland in 1768; died in New York in 1803; 
came to New York in 1793, says Wm. Dunlap. Roberts 
was engraving views, script, etc., in New York in 1796; 
and his name as an engraver appears in the directories of 
1802-03. Dunlap describes him as a sort of universal 
genius; ready to do anything, but erratic and incapable 
of turning his advantages to personal account. A small 
mezzotint portrait of Washington exists, which is ex- 
tremely rich in effect and shows fine execution. Dunlap 
says this was engraved by Roberts in New York, in 
1799, from a miniature portrait by Benjamin Trott; 
but owing to some misunderstanding between the 
painter and the engraver Roberts deliberately destroyed 
the copperplate and a few proof impressions alone 
remain. | 

Roberts is said to have made his own engraving tools, 
to have invented a new method of stippling, and to have 
made his own plate-press. He painted miniatures, drew 
portraits in crayon, and was a musician of no mean 
skill; but he abused his gifts and intemperance ended 
his life. 

223 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
ROBERTSON, 


A large and well-engraved frontispiece, apparently 
intended for an edition of Cook’s “Voyages,” of about 
1815, is signed Robertson sc. While this plate bears 
some indication of American origin, it may be English. 


ROBERTSON, W. 
This man was a script engraver employed in New 
York in 1881. 


ROBIN, AUGUSTUS 

Born in New York of French parentage. This good 
engraver of portraits and subject plates was in the em- 
ploy of J. C. Buttre, of New York, for nearly forty years. 


ROBINSON, —— 

This name, as engraver, is signed to a number of 
small, wonderfully designed, and poorly engraved plates 
illustrating an edition of Weems’ “Life of Washington,” 
published in 1815 by Matthew Carey, of Philadelphia. 


ROBINSON, W. | 

About 1825-30 this W. Robinson etched in a fairly 
good style a Masonic certificate published by R. Desil- 
ver, of Philadelphia. This may be the “Robinson” noted 
above. 


ROCHE,—— : 
Several of the plates of the American edition of May- 
nard’s “Josephus,” published in New York in 1791, are 
signed Roche sc. No other plates are known. 

224 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


ROGERS, JOHN 


Born in England about 1808; died in New York 
about 1888, says Mr. Samuel Hollyer. Rogers came to 
New York in 1850-51, and he engraved for the book 
publishers a large number of portraits and some subject 
plates. He generally worked in line and was a very 
good engraver. 


ROLLINSON, CHARLES 

C. Rollinson was an engraver and copperplate printer 
in New York in 1808-32, dying in the latter year. He 
was probably a son, or other near relative, of William 
Rollinson, as his address for a considerable time was No. 
28 John St., the same as that of William Rollinson. The 
only plates found by the compiler, and signed by C. 
Rollinson as engraver, represent architectural subjects, 
diagrams, etc. 


ROLLINSON, WILLIAM 

Born in Dudley, Staffordshire, England, April 15, 
1762; died in New York, Sept. 27, 1842. Rollinson was 
probably a silversmith and learned to engrave upon 
plate. He came to the United States prior to 1789, as he 
is credited with having ornamented the silver buttons on 
the coat worn by Washington at his inauguration as 
President. 

His earliest work upon copperplate appears in the 
American edition of Brown’s family Bible, published in 
New York in 1792. This work is crude, though his small 
profile of Washington—executed in 1791, according to 
Wm. Dunlap—is a much better piece of work. Rollinson 

225 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


rapidly progressed in the art of engraving, and about 
1796 he changed his style to stipple and furnished some 
very good portrait plates for the “Analectic” and other 
magazines. His large plate of Alexander Hamilton is 
said to have been commenced in 1800 and published by 
Rollinson, and the painter, Archibald Robertson, in 
1805. 

Rollinson became interested in bank-note engraving 
at an early date and invented a machine for ruling waved 
lines on the margins of bank-notes. On March 18, 1811, 
Rollinson issued a signed circular letter submitting a 
specimen of work, of his “own invention,” which com- 
bined all the requisites for the prevention of counterfeit- 
ing. According to his letter these requisites were “a de- 
sign simple in appearance and obvious at a glance, yet 
impossible to be imitated in the common mode of en-— 
graving.” He says that to make these notes still more 
perfect he had engaged the services of Mr. William 8S. 
Leney to engrave the vignettes; Mr. Leney being “al- 
lowed to be the first artist in America, and is a gentle- 
man of very respectable rank in life.” 'This connection 
with Leney was not a partnership; Leney furnishing the 
vignettes only and charging separately for the copper- 
plate and the engraving. 

As an engraver the name of William Rollinson ap- 
pears in the New York directories from 1791 to 1842; and 
at the age of seventy he was still engraving vignettes, etc. 
Dunlap says that F. S. Agate painted a portrait of Rol- 
linson when that engraver was seventy-four years of 
age; “it is an excellent likeness, which might indicate a 
man of fifty.” An original silhouette of Rollinson, pre- 

226 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


sented by him to his friend ““Weaver’’ in 1809, is in the 
possession of the writer. 

William Rollinson and his wife Mary were buried in 
the old St. John’s Churchyard, now Hudson Park, New 
York City, though the tombstones have been lately re- 
moved. 


ROLPH, J. A. 


This reputable landscape engraver was working in 
New York in 1834—46, and probably later. 


ROMANS, BERNARD 

Born in Holland about 1720; died at sea in 1784. 
Romans was educated in England, and about 1755 he 
came to the American Colonies as a surveyor and en- 
gineer. He was employed for a time as a botanist and 
explorer in Florida, and in 1775 he published a work 
upon that Colony; and for this service he received a pen- 
sion of £50 per year. 

At the outbreak of the Revolution he entered the ser- 
vice of the American Colonies and was present at Lex- 
ington and Bunker Hill; according to the statement 
made in connection with his published proposals for is- 
suing his view of the Battle of Bunker Hill and his map 
of Boston. Romans later was employed by the New 
York Committee of Safety, and he made the plans for 
and actually commenced the construction of one of the 
forts at West Point. But failing to receive from Con- 
gress the commission and pay of a colonel, as demanded 
by him, he abandoned this work. On Feb. 8, 1776, he was 
227 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


commissioned as the captain of an independent Penn- 
sylvania artillery company, and with this command he 
took part in the invasion of Canada. The official records 
say that he resigned on June 1, 1778; the published biog- 
raphies state that he was captured in 1779, was taken to 
England, and there resumed the practice of his profes- 
sion. In 1784 he set sail from England for the United 
States; but he disappeared at that time, and is supposed 
to have been murdered at sea for a considerable sum of 
money which he was bringing to this country. 

Bernard Romans is referred to in the “New York 
Mercury” of 1775 as “the most skillful Draughtsman in. 
all America”; though his view of the Battle of Bunker 
Hill is anything but artistic in its composition. He en- 
graved this view on a large scale, and this plate and 
Romans’ “Map of the Seat of War” were published by 
Nicholas Brooks, of Philadelphia, in September and 
October, 1775. “An Exact View of the Late Battle of 
Charlestown, June 17th, 1775” —to give the plate its full 
title— was reéngraved by Robert Aitken on a small scale 
and published in the “Pennsylvania Magazine” for 1775. 
Aitken also engraved for the same magazine Romans’ 
plate of the “Seat of War.” Romans’ “Concise Natural 
History of East and West Florida” was published in 
New York in 1775. ‘This work is illustrated by ten cop- 
perplates engraved by the author, though several of these 
are not signed by him. ‘The engraved work on all of the 
plates mentioned is crude in its execution. 

The “Battle of Charlestown” was reéngraved in Lon- 
don and published there in June, 1776. While this 
English plate is signed B. Romans Fecit, it is so much 

228 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


better done than the American original that it was prob- 
ably engraved by some one else. 


ROSENTHAL, ALBERT 

Born in Philadelphia, Jan. 30, 1868; son of Max 
Rosenthal. Mr. Albert Rosenthal studied lithography 
under his father and was at the same time a pupil at the 
Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. In 1884 he com- 
menced to etch and for some years he was largely en- 
gaged in portrait work, confining himself chiefly to the 
reproduction of the portraits of American historical char- 
acters. In 1889-92 he studied in Paris at the Ecole des 
Beaux Arts, under Gerome; and upon his return to the 
United States in the latter year he became a portrait- 
painter, with his studio in Philadelphia. 

As a painter Mr. Rosenthal has been almost constantly 
engaged upon the portraits of men prominent in public 
life—many of these being Pennsylvanians—and in de- 
veloping the series of Revolutionary portraits in In- 
dependence Hall, in Philadelphia. In the intervals of his 
other work he still continues the etching of portraits. 


ROSENTHAL, MAX 

Born in Turck, Russian Poland, Nov. 23, 1838; living 
in Philadelphia in 1906. Mr. Rosenthal studied drawing 
and painting in Paris; he came to Philadelphia in 1849 
and there continued his studies at the Pennsylvania 
Academy of Fine Arts. Having been a pupil of the 
famous Thurwanger in Paris and in Philadelphia, in 
connection with his brother, Mr. Rosenthal established 
himself in the lithographic business in the latter city, and 

229 


“AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


he made notable progress in developing the then new art 
of chromo-lithography in this country. 

Upon retiring from the lithographing business, about 
1884, Mr. Rosenthal turned his attention to etching, and 
in connection with his son, Albert Rosenthal, he issued a 
series of portraits of men prominent in American history. 
In 1890 he took up the work of engraving in mezzotint; 
and as he was already a reputable painter of portraits 
and historical subjects, his artistic training led him to 
engrave mezzotint portraits of exceptional merit. In 
connection with his son, he has produced in various ways 
and published about 800 portraits of famous Americans. 
His latest and most notable work, done in 1903, is a copy 
of the Stuart portrait of Washington, owned by Mr. 
Marsden J. Perry, of Providence, R. I. 


ROST, CHRISTIAN 

Born in Germany and studied in Paris and in Lon- 
don; and in the latter city he made the drawings and en- 
graved on wood for a work describing the exhibits at the 
London World’s Fair of 1850. It is not known when 
Mr. Rost came to the United States, but he was engray- 
ing very good portrait and subject plates in line in New 
York in 1860. In 1865 he was in the employ of George 
i. Perrine; and at a later date he was employed by the 
American Bank Note Co. He died some years ago at 
Mount Vernon, N. Y. | 


ROTHWELL, J. 
This man was engraving book illustrations, in a crude 
line manner, in New York in 1841. 
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Was a book-plate engraver, apparently working be- 
tween 1790 and 1800, somewhere in New England. The 
only plate seen is that of Walter Lyon; a label with 
peculiarly conventionalized peacock feathers used as 


a border. 


ST. MEMIN, CHARLES BALTHAZAR 
JULIEN FEVRET DE 

Born in Dijon, France, March 12, 1770; died there 
June 23, 1852. St. Memin—after serving as a cadet at a 
military school—on April 27, 1788, entered the French 
army as anensign. At the outbreak of the French Revo- 
lution he went to Switzerland; then to Canada in 1793, 
and soon after came to New York. 

As a means of supporting himself in this country he 
introduced here the engraving of portraits by means of 
the “physionotrace,” a machine invented by Edmé Que- 
neday, of Paris, and intended to exactly reproduce on a 
reduced scale the human profile. St. Memin made some 
improvements upon this device, and with it he made on a 
tinted paper a profile a little less than life size; this he 
finished by hand and with crayons directly from the 
sitter. With this finished crayon drawing as a guide he 
used a pantograph of special design to still further re- 
duce the profile, so that it would go inside a circle of 
about two inches diameter, faintly scratching the reduced 
drawing directly on the copperplate. This copper was 
now etched and finished in aquatint, with some assist- 
ance with the roulette. The result was a soft, pleasing 
print. For the original crayon—which was ready for 

231 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


framing—for the plate, and twelve impressions from 
the plate, St. Memin charged $33. 

These small portraits became very popular, and St. 
Memin, traveling from North to South over the country, 
produced about 800 of these small plates. He kept for 
himself two sets of proof impressions; after his death 
these sets were purchased from his executors and are now 
in the United States; one in the Corcoran Gallery in 
Washington, D. C.; the other was lately in the hands of 
a Philadelphia collector. 

St. Memin returned to France in 1810, but came back 
to the United States two years later and remained here 
until 1814. He then settled permanently in France, and 
from 1817 until his death he was the director of the mu- 
seum in his native city of Dijon. | 

Other than these portraits, St. Memin etched two large 
views of the city of New York, a map of the siege of 
Savannah, published in the “Monthly Military Reposi- 
tory,” C. Smith, New York, 1796, and a beautiful etched 
business-card of Peter Mourgeon, “Copperplate printer 
from Paris,” of New York. 


SACHEVERELL, JOHN 
The “Pennsylvania Gazette,’ Philadelphia, March 
15-22, 1732-33, contains an advertisement for the sale 
of a quantity of “white metal,” or pewter, tea-pots, tea- 
spoons, etc. These are “of the newest Fashion, and so 
very neat, as not easily to be distinguished from Silver.” 
The importer, John Sacheverell, adds to his notice that 
he “performs all Sorts of Engraving or Carving in Gold, 

232 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


Silver, Brass, Copper or Steel, after the newest and 
neatest manner.” 


SADD, H. S. 


Born in England, and was engraving good portraits 
in mezzotint in New York in 1840. He produced quite a 
number of plates here; but Mr. Alfred Jones says that 
he went to Australia after a comparatively short stay in 
the United States. 


SANFORD, ISAAC 


As early as 1783 Isaac Sanford engraved a music- 
book entitled “Select Harmony. Containing the Neces- 
sary Rules of Psalmody, together with a Collection of 
Approved Psalm Tunes, Hymns and Anthems. By 
_ Oliver Brownson.” Mr. James Terry, in referring to 

this book, in his “Ex Libris Leaflet, No. 4,” describes the 
title as contained in a circle of music, and the whole with- 
in an engraving of an elaborate church interior covering 
the entire page. The plate is signed I. Sanford, sculp. 
1783. 

On his business-card Sanford advertised himself as 
“Miniature Painter and Engraver,” and he was engrav- 
ing and publishing fairly well-executed stipple portraits 
and book illustrations in Hartford, Conn., as late as 
1822. 


SARTAIN, EMILY 
Born in Philadelphia, March 17, 1841, Emily, the 
daughter of John Sartain, learned to engrave under the 
tuition of her father; and she studied art under Scheus- 
233 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


sele, in Philadelphia, and Luminais, in Paris, in 1871—75. 
She engraved and signed a few mezzotint portraits. In 
1881—83, Emily Sartain was the art editor of “Our Con- 
tinent”; and in 1886 she became the principal of the 
Philadelphia School of Design for Women. Miss Sar- 
tain is also a painter of portraits and genre subjects, and 
exhibited at the Paris Salon in 1875 and 1883. 


SARTAIN, HENRY | 

Born July 14, 1833, in Philadelphia, second son of 
John Sartain; died there about 1895. Henry Sartain did 
very little work as an engraver, about ten plates bear- 
ing his name. One of his large plates, “The Capitol at 
Washington,” was engraved about 1857, but in this 
work he was largely assisted by his father, and the same 
is true of his “St. Peter Delivered from Prison.” ‘Aside 
from these he made a few book prints and portraits. 

In 1866 Henry Sartain abandoned engraving alto- 
gether, and became first part owner and then sole owner 
of the Philadelphia establishment for printing from the 
plates engraved by his father and others. 

His wife, Marra 'Topry SARTAIN, to some small ex- 
tent assisted John Sartain in his work; and she engraved 
one plate—a portrait of her husband. 


SARTAIN, JOHN 
Born in London, England, Oct. 24, 1808; died in 
Philadelphia, Oct. 25, 1897. In his “Reminiscences,” 
recently published, Mr. Sartain says that in February, 
1823, he was apprenticed to John Swain, a London en- 
234 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


graver. The first plates of any consequence engraved by 
Sartain were line illustrations for “The Early Floren- 
tine School,” by Wm. Young Ottley, London, 1826. In 
1827-28, Sartain was apprenticed to Henry Richter, of 
London, and while in Richter’s employ he engraved his 
first mezzotint plate, entitled “Omphale.” His success 
with this plate induced him to engrave “The Tight 
Shoe”; this plate he brought to the United States and 
sold, in 1880, to Mr. Littell, the Philadelphia publisher. 
At the termination of his apprenticeship Sartain com- 
menced business for himself in London, and there en- 
graved a portrait of Sir Charles Wilkins and some small 
Annual plates for the Ackermans. 

Hearing that there were opportunities for a mezzotint 
engraver in the United States, Sartain, on July 4, 1830, 
left London, with his wife, and “‘in a little over eight 
weeks” he landed in Philadelphia. Soon after his arrival 
here, and for the purpose of proving his ability as an en- 
graver, he made a mezzotint plate after “Old Age,” a 
painting by John Neagle. This was his first mezzotint 
executed in the United States; and his first line plate 
done here was “Deer in a Landscape,” after a painting by 
Thomas Doughty. Mr. Sartain soon had an abundance 
of work; and in 1843 he became the proprietor of “Camp- 
bell’s Foreign Semi-Monthly Magazine,” and was also 
interested in the “Eclectic Museum.” From 1841 to 1848 
Mr. Sartain had been engraving for “Graham’s Mag- 
azine,” and upon the collapse of that journal in the latter 
year he became half-owner of “Sartain’s Union Mag- 
azine,” the first number of which appeared in Jan- 
uary, 1849; this journal was discontinued in 1852. For 

235 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


all of these magazines Mr. Sartain was the art man- 
ager and engraver, others doing the literary work. 
During this time Mr. Sartain also painted a few good 
portraits. : 3 

After 1852 Mr. Sartain devoted himself to general 
engraving, and his total output of engraved plates num- 
bers about 1500. His large portrait plates are very gen- 
erally admirable examples of mezzotint work. | 


SARTAIN, SAMUEL - 

Born in Philadelphia, Oct. 8, 1830; died Dec. 19, 
1906. Samuel Sartain studied engraving under his 
father, John Sartain, and became an admirable en- 
graver of mezzotint portraits. About 1851 he com- 
menced business on his own account in Philadelphia, 
and did much work for the publishers of that period. 
‘He was still actively engaged in engraving in 1905. 


SARTAIN, WILLIAM 

Born in Philadelphia, Nov. 21, 1848; living in New 
York in 1906. William Sartain, the son of John Sartain, 
studied mezzotint engraving with his father and issued 
and signed a few portrait plates. He then studied art in 
Paris, under Bonnat and at the Ecole des Beaux Arts, 
and became a reputable painter of landscape. 

Mr. Sartain was one of the founders of the Society of 
American Artists; is an Associate of the National Acad- — 
emy of Design; was president of the New York Art 
Club, and was lately a teacher in the life class of the Art 
Students’ League of New York. 

236 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
SAULNIER, H. E. 


Saulnier was a script and letter engraver working in 
Philadelphia in 1880-40. He engraved one of the early 
certificates of membership of the Franklin Institute, of 
that city. 


SAVAGE, EDWARD 

Born in Princeton, Mass., Nov. 26, 1761; died there 
July 6, 1817. Savage was originally a goldsmith; but as 
early as 1789 he turned his attention to portrait-painting. 
He went to London and probably there learned to en- 
grave in stipple and in mezzotint; as his engraved por- 
trait of Gen. Knox was published in that city in 1791, 
and his Washington prints were issued in the same city 
in 1792-93. His engraved work is good and highly 
prized. 

Savage returned to the United States about 1794, as 
on Oct. 18, 1794, he was married in Boston to Sarah — 
Seaver. Soon after this date he settled in Philadelphia 
where his brother John Savage had established himself 
as a merchant. In 1795 he exhibited the first panorama 
ever seen in that city, and he apparently remained in 
Philadelphia, publishing prints at intervals, until 1801: 
his name disappears from the directory in that year. He 
then seemingly went to New York, and from there to 
Boston and to Princeton. 

While little is known of the later life of Edward Sav- 
age, the most complete sketch of his life is contained in 
a paper presented to the Massachusetts Historical So- 
ciety on Jan. 12, 1905, by Mr. Charles Henry Hart. Mr. 
Hart denies the story, started by William Dunlap, that 

237 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


David Edwin and others largely assisted Savage in his 
work as an engraver. 


SAVORY, —— 


This name is appended as engraver to a somewhat 
crudely executed line-engraving of “Trinity Church, 
Pittsburgh. Founded 4.p. 1824.” ‘The plate is signed 
Savory Sc. Pitt. There is no date, but appearances 
would indicate that the work was done about 1830-40. 


SAX TON, JOSEPH 

Born in Huntington, Pa., March 22, 1790; died in 
Washington, D. C., Oct. 26, 1873. Saxton was not an 
engraver, though he devised a medal-ruling machine, 
among his other many inventions. While he was the 
constructor and curator of the standard weighing ap- 
paratus in the U. S. Mint, in Philadelphia, in 1842, he 
- produced two beautifully executed portraits by means of 
this machine. These are portraits of Franklin Peale and 
Dr. R. M. Patterson; they are inscribed “Modelled by 
J. G. Chapman; Electrotyped by Franklin Peale; En- 
graved with the Medal-ruling machine by Jos. Saxton, 
Mint of the United States, 1842.” They are admirable 
pieces of work of this type. 

Previous to this date, medal-ruling had been done di- 
rectly from the original medal, with the disadvantage of 
copying all its dents, scratches, or other imperfections; 
or there was the possibility of injuring a valuable medal 
by scratching it with the tracer. Then a shellac cast of 
the original was copied by the machine; but this device 
failed owing to the shellac model being liable to puncture 

238 3 


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HON. JAMES BOWDO 


; 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


by the tracing-point, thus producing false lines upon the 
plate being engraved. To avoid these difficulties, in- 
herent in the older methods, Saxton made an electrotype 
copy of the original and used that as a model in the ma- 
chine. As this model was copper, it could not be punc- 
tured, and any imperfections in the original could be 
corrected in the model; it provided a smooth, hard and 
true surface for the tracing-point, and produced a per- 
fect copy. 


SCACKTI, FRANCISCO 

This name is signed to a large but very crudely drawn 
and etched view of the “Battle of New Orleans.” It is 
seemingly contemporaneous with the battle in date: and 
the only impression seen has the second state of the plate 
printed on the back of the first impression. It is difficult 
to determine, however, whether Scacki is the engraver or 
the publisher of the plate, or both. The form of the 
signature is as follows: Francisco Scacki—Copy Right 
Secured. 


SCHLECHT, CHARLES | 

Born in Stuttgart, Germany, in 1843; living in New 
York in 1905. Charles Schlecht was brought to the 
United States by his parents in 1852, and was appren- 
ticed to the American Bank Note Company in 1859; and 
he also received instructions in his profession from 
Charles Burt and Alfred Jones. 

Mr. Schlecht has made bank-note engraving his prin- 
cipal occupation, working in New York City and at the 
Bureau of Engraving and Printing in Washington, 

239 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


D.C. But he has also produced some admirable portrait 
and subject plates for the publishers. Two of his large 
plates, executed in pure line, are especially worthy of 
note. These are “Eyes to the Blind,” after a painting by 
A. F. Bellows, and “The Wish,” after a painting by 
Percy Moran. These plates are 18 x 24 ins., and 16 x 27 
ins., respectively. 


SCHOFYF, P. R. 

An excellent portrait in pure line, that of. Robert 
Baird, after a painting by G. P. R. Healy, is thus signed. 
No other work has been found signed by this man; and 
it is possible that the signature is a letter engraver’s 
error for the above. 


SCHOFF, STEPHEN ALONZO 

Born in Danville, Vt., Jan. 16, 1818; died at Brandon, 
Vt., in 1905. When Mr. Schoff was about eight years of 
age his parents removed—first to Bradford, on the Mer- 
rimac, and later to Newburyport, Mass., selecting the 
latter place for its superior schools. Stephen Alonzo 
Schoff was one of a family of six children, and when he 
was sixteen years old he was sent to Boston and there in-- 
dentured for five years to Oliver Pelton, an engraver of 
that city. Dissatisfied with the progress he was making, 
at the end of about three years, and with the consent of 
Mr. Pelton, Mr. Schoff became a pupil of Joseph An- 
drews; and to this admirable line-engraver, says Mr. 
Schoff in a personal letter, “I owe more than can ever be 
repaid.” 

With Mr. Andrews he went to Paris in 1840, and both 
young men there worked for a time in the studio of Paul 

240 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


Delaroche, drawing from the nude. Mr. Schoff returned 
to the United States in 1842, and was at once employed 
by a bank-note engraving company in New York. About 
this time, “with the kind aid of Mr. A. B. Durand,” he 
commenced his folio plate of “Caius Marius on the 
Ruins of Carthage,” after the painting by J. Vander- 
lyn; this Mr. Schoff considered his best plate. Mr. 
Schoff engraved a large number of portraits for various 
publications; but among his large plates may be men- 
tioned the following: “The Bathers,” after the painting 
by Wm. Hunt; the portrait of R. W. Emerson, after S. 
W. Rowe; his portrait of William Penn, in armor, en- 
graved for the Pennsylvania Historical Society; a ma- 
rine piece, after De Haas; and an etching for the Phila- 
delphia Art Club, from a painting by Mr. Tarbell, of 
Boston. All of these are admirable examples of engrav- 
ing, chiefly in line. The larger part, however, of the 
long professional life of Mr. Schoff was devoted'to bank- 
note engraving. 


SCHOFIELD, LOUIS SARTAIN 

Born Aug. 4, 1868; living in 1905; a grandson of 
John Sartain. He is an expert line-engraver and a de- 
signer of great ability, and for some years has been in the 


employ of the Bureau of Engraving and sayahweak at 
Washington, D. C. 


SCHOYER, RAPHAEL 
Schoyer was a copperplate printer in Baltimore, Md., 
in 1824; and in 1826 he was engraving some indifferently 


executed portraits in New York. 
241 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
SCHWARTZ, C. 


In 1814 this stipple-engraver of portraits was working 
in Baltimore, Md. His signed work is rare, but his large 
plate of Bishop James Kemp, published in Baltimore, is 
a capital piece of work. 


SCOLES, JOHN 


This engraver of portraits and subject plates was lo- 
cated continuously in New York from 17938 until 1844. 
He probably died in the latter year, as his address then 
changes to “John Scoles, late engraver.” Scoles worked 
in both line and stipple, but with indifferent success. He 
engraved many of the views appearing in the “New 
York Magazine” in 1793-96. At times Scoles united 
bookselling with engraving, according to the directories. 


SCOT, ROBERT 


Born in England and was originally a watchmaker. 
He appears in Philadelphia about 1783, and in that year 
he engraved a frontispiece for a Masonicsermon preached 
by Wm. Smith, D.D., and published by Hall & Sellers. 
He advertised himself as “Late Engraver to the State of 
Virginia,” and in 1785 he was paid £16 for engraving 
done for the State of Pennsylvania. Scot engraved a 
few fairly well-executed line portraits, including one of 
Washington, over his own name; but as a member of the 
firm of Scot & Allerdice he did a large amount of work 
for Dobson’s edition of Rees’ Encyclopedia, Philadel- 
phia, 1794-1803. On Nov. 23, 1798, Robert Scot was 
appointed engraver to the newly established U. S. Mint 
in Philadelphia, and he is credited with having made the 

242 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


dies for the copper cent of 1793. “Poulson’s Advertiser,” 
Philadelphia, April 28, 1806, announces the death of the 
wife of “Robert Scot, Engraver to the Mint,” indicating 
that he was holding that office as late as 1806. 

A: portrait engraver of Edinburgh, Robert Scott by 
name, is often confused with the Robert Scot of Phila- 
delphia. 


SCOTT, JOSEPH T. 


Scott was a very good map engraver working in Phila- 
delphia as early as 1795. He published an atlas of the 
United States, printed in Philadelphia in 1796 by Fran- 
cis and Robert Bailey. Scott drew and engraved the 
maps. 


SEALEY, ALFRED 


Born in the United States; is said to have died in 
Canada about 1862. Sealey was an admirable line-en- 
graver and devoted himself to bank-note work in his later 
life. In 1856 he was apparently working in Philadel- 
phia, but some of his signed work is dated as early as 
1845. In 1860 some very good line illustrations to 
Cooper’s novels are signed Sealey & Smith Sculpt. This 
work was done in New York and may be ascribed to 
Alfred Sealey. 

SERZ, J. 

Bern in Saxony; died in Philadelphia about 1878, as 
the result of a fall. Serz came to Philadelphia about 
1850; he engraved several large historical plates and 

243 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


furnished a number of subjects to “Sartain’s Mag- 
azine” and other publications of that city. 


SEYMOUR, JOSEPH H. 

Joseph H. Seymour was in the employ of Isaiah 
Thomas, at Worcester, Mass., as early as 1791. The 
Bible published by Thomas in that year contains thirty- 
two plates by Seymour, variously signed J. H., Jos. and 
J. Seymour; and in the printer’s advertisement Thomas 
writes: “These plates were engraved in his Office 
(Thomas’s) in this town in 1791 . . . and the Editor 
doubts not but a proper allowance will be made for work 
engraved by an Artist who obtained his knowledge in 
this country, compared with that done by European 
Engravers who have settled in the United States.” Sey- 
mour was thus evidently trained to his art in the United 
States and must have been really at work in Worcester 
previous to 1791. He engraved plates for various pub- 
lications of Isaiah Thomas until at least 1795; and we 
then find his engravings illustrating Hayley’s “Triumph 
of Temper,” “Printed by John Mycall for Joseph H. 
Seymour, Engraver, in Boston.” From 1808 until 1822 
the directories of Philadelphia locate him in that city, 
where he did much work for the encyclopedia published 
by S. F. Bradford. His one ambitious portrait plate, 
that of Governor John Hancock, was published in Jan- 
uary, 1794, at the office of the “Worcester Gazette,” and _ 
sold for “7s. 6d. each copy.” 


SEYMOUR, SAMUEL 
S. Seymour was an engraver of portraits, etc., located 
in Philadelphia in 1797-1822. In 1823, as a draftsman, 
244 


! 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


he accompanied Major Stephen H. Long on his explor- 
ing expedition into the Yellowstone region, and nothing 
later is known of him. 


SHALLUS, FRANCIS 

Died in Philadelphia, Nov. 12, 1821, “in the 48th year 
of his age.” Shallus was born in Philadelphia and was 
the son of Jacob Shallus, an officer in the Revolutionary 
War. As a young man Francis Shallus was prominent 
in local politics; and in 1805 he was captain of the First 
Light Infantry, of Philadelphia. 

His profession is given as engraver from 1797 to 1821; 
but he was a poor workman. In 1813 Shallus conducted 
a circulating library; and in 1817 he published a book 
entitled “The Chronological Tables for Every Day in 
the Year.” 


SHARPE, C. W. 

This line-engraver of portraits and book illustrations 
was working in Philadelphia in 1850. There are some 
indications that he originally came from Boston to that 
city. ; 

SHERMAN & SMITH 

This firm was designing and engraving plates for the 
New York “New Mirror” in 1841. In 1838-39 the firm 
of Stiles, Sherman & Smith was engraving in the same 
city. In both of these cases the Smith of the firm was 
probably Wm. D. Smith. 


SHERRATT, THOMAS 
About 1870 a portrait engraver of this name was work- 


ing for Detroit publishers. 
245 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


SHIELDS & HAMMOND 


This firm name is signed to some good landscape 
plates published in New Orleans in 1845. Hammond is 
- noticed elsewhere. 


SHIPMAN, CHARLES 

In the “New York Mercury,’ May 16, VW 68, is the 
following: “Charles Shipman, Ivory and Hard Wood 
Turner, . . . engraves Copper Plate, Seals, etc.” 


SHIRLAW, WALTER 

Born in Paisley, Scotland, Aug. 6, 1888; living in 
New York in 1906. Walter Shirlaw was brought to New 
York by his parents in 1840, and after he had been edu- 
cated in that city he was apprenticed to an engraver. For 
a time he worked at bank-note engraving, but having a 
decided leaning toward art, he studied in the intervals of 
business, and exhibited in 1861 at the Academy of De- 
sign; in 1870—78 he continued his art studies in Munich 
and other continental centers. His large painting of 
“Sheep Shearing in the Bavarian Highlands” received 
Honorable Mention at the Paris Exhibition of 1878. 

Upon his return to the United States, Mr. Shirlaw 
painted, etched, and designed book illustrations; and for 
some years he was in charge of the Art Students’ League, 
in New York. He was the first president of the Society 
of American Artists. 


SHOTWELL, H. C. 


In 1853 this landscape engraver was vores for pub- 
lishers in Cincinnati, O. 


246 


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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
SIMMONKE, T. 


In 1814-16 Simmone was engraving a very few, but 
good, plates for the New York publishers David Long- 
worth and T. C. Fay. 


SIMMONS, JOSEPH 

The “Pennsylvania Gazette” for Jan. 3, 1765, contains 
the following advertisement: “Joseph Simmons, En- 
graver, from London, Cuts Coats of Arms and Cyphers 
in Stone, Silver or Steel, for Watches. He is to be spoke 
with at Mr. Robert Porter’s, Saddler, in Market Street, 
opposite the Prison. N. B. As there is no other Person 
of the same business on the Continent, he hopes to meet 
with Encouragement.” 

Simmons was evidently a seal-cutter; and the interest 
lies in his claim to be the only one then in business in the 
country. | 


SIMPSON, M. 

This stipple-engraver designed and engraved a por- 
trait of Washington in the center of an elaborate script 
memorial. This print was published in 1855 and is 
signed as Designed and Engraved by S. Simpson, New 
York. 


SKINNER, CHARLES 
This excellent banknote engraver, still in the employ 
of the American Bank Note Company, was working in 
New York at least as early as 1867. He engraved in 
line a few portraits for the book publishers. | 
247 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


SMILLIE, JAMES 

Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, Nov. 28, 1807; died in 
Poughkeepsie, N. Y., Dec. 4, 1885. James Smillie was 
the son of a silversmith and he was first apprenticed to 
James Johnston, a silver-engraver of his native city, and 
he also received some instruction from Edward Mitchell, 
a portrait engraver. In 1821 he came with his family to 
Quebec, Canada, where his father and elder brother 
established themselves in business as Jewelers, and James 
worked with them for some time as a general engraver. 
In 1827, under the patronage of Lord Dalhousie, he was 
sent to London and to Edinburgh for instruction in en- 
graving, but he returned to Quebec after a short time, 
and in 1829 he went to New York. 

His first plate to attract attention was done after Rob- 
ert W. Weir’s painting of the “Convent Gate’; and in 
1832—36 he engraved a series of plates for the “New 
York Mirror” after paintings by Weir. In 1882 he was 
made an Associate of the National Academy, and in 1851 
he became an Academician. 

James Smillie was an admirable line-engraver of 
landscape, and worked largely from his own drawings. 
But from 1861 until his death he devoted himself almost 
solely to bank-note engraving, and he did much to bring 
that art to its present high repute. 


SMILLIE, JAMES DAVID 
Born in New York, Jan. 16, 1833; living in 1906. 
James David Smillie was a son of James Smillie, and 
was trained by his father as an engraver on steel. While 
his principal work was bank-note engraving he pro- 
248 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


duced some excellent general work, including a series 
of illustrations for Cooper’s novels, after designs by 
F. O. C. Darley. He was an excellent etcher and a 
founder of the New York Etching Club, and later its 
president. 

In 1864, after a visit to Europe, James D. Smillie 
turned his attention to painting, and in the same year he 
exhibited at the Academy of Design, in New York, and 
was made an Associate of the National Academy in 
1865; he was made an Academician in 1876. As a 
painter in oils and water-colors he has achieved reputa- 
tion. He was one of the founders and the president 
(1878-79) of the American Water Color Society; he 
was also president of the New York Etching Club. 


SMILLIE, WILLIAM CUMMING 
Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, Sept. 23, 1813; living 
in 1899. Wm. C. Smillie was a brother of James Smillie 
and came to Canada with his father’s family in 1821. 
After working at silver-engraving for a time in Quebec, 
he came to New York in 1830. He early turned his at- 
tention to bank-note engraving and was connected with 
several bank-note companies; the last of which, Ed- 
monds, Jones & Smillie, was later absorbed by the Ameri- 
can Bank Note Co. In 1866 he secured a contract to en- 
grave the paper currency of the Canadian government, 
and for this purpose he established a bank-note engray- 
ing company in Ottawa. In 1874 he retired from this 
business; but in 1882 he again established an engraving 
company in Canada, and he was still at the head of that 
company in 1889. 
249 ; 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
SMILLIE, WILLIAM MAIN 


Born in New York, Nov. 28, 1835; died there Jan. 
21, 1888. Wm. M. Smillie was a son of James Smillie, 
and was early known as an expert letter-engraver. 
He was long employed by one of the firms that in 
1857 was merged into the old American Bank Note 
Co.; and he was connected with the old and the 
present American company until his death, having 
been general manager of the present organization for 
some years. 


SMITH, C. H. 


In 1855—60 this capital line-engraver of portraits and 
book illustrations was working in Philadelphia and in 
New York. 


SMITH, G. 

This name is signed to well-executed script bill-heads, 
etc., published in 1790-1800. ‘The work was done in 
New York. 


SMITH, GEORGE GIRDLER 


Born at Danvers, Mass., about the close of the 
eighteenth century; died in Boston about 1858. He was 
probably a pupil of Abel Bowen, the Boston engraver, 
as he was in Bowen’s employ in 1815 as an engraver. 
Little is known about G. G. Smith until 1830, when, in 
connection with William B. Annin, he was in the gen- 
eral engraving business in Boston, working under the 
firm name of Annin & Smith. Mr. Smith was early inter- 

250 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


ested in lithography, and visited Paris for instruction 
and material; but for some reason he failed in his efforts 
to establish himself in that business. Later, he was en- 
gaged in the bank-note engraving business with Terry 
and Pelton; and when that firm was absorbed by another 
company, Smith resumed the general engraving business 
with two of his former pupils, Knight and Tappan. G. 
G. Smith engraved portraits chiefly, in both line and 
stipple, and he did some good work. 


SMITH, HEZEKIAH WRIGHT 


Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1828; disappeared 
from Philadelphia in 1879, and was never heard of after- 
ward. Smith was brought to New York when about five 
years old, and was later apprenticed to an engraver in 
that city. He continued his studies under Thomas Doney 
and became a most meritorious engraver of portraits, 
both in line and in stipple. In 1850 he was associated 
with Joseph Andrews in Boston; and in 1870-77 he was 
employed in New York. 

In 1877 H. W. Smith established himself in Phila- 
delphia and did considerable work in that city, but in 
April, 1879, he suddenly abandoned engraving, sold all 
his effects and left that city and was never heard of again. 
Among his more important plates are the following: A 
full length of Daniel Webster, after the portrait by 
Chester Harding; a three-quarter length of Edward 
Everett, and his head of Washington after the Athe- 
nzum head by Stuart; this latter is said to be the best 
engraving of this famous portrait ever made. 

251 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


SMITH, JOHN RUBENS 

Born in England about 1770; died in New York City, 
Aug. 21, 1849. Tuckerman, in his “Book of the Artists,” 
says that John Rubens Smith was the son of the famous 
English engraver John Raphael Smith (1740-1811). 
John R. Smith was working as an engraver in Boston in 
1811, and in 1816 he was in New York, painting por- 
traits, engraving, and conducting a drawing-school. He 
remained in New York until 1826; and then possibly 
went to Philadelphia, as he was engraving and teaching 
drawing in that city in 1835-87. He again appears in 
New York in 1845 and once more opened his school. 
Among his known pupils were Sully, Agate, Cummings, 
Leutze, and Swain R. Gifford. In noting his death the 
“Historic Annals of the National Academy of Design” 
describes Smith as “short in figure, with a large head, 
peculiar one-sided gait and an indescribable expression 
of countenance.” As an engraver he worked in stipple, 
aquatint, and mezzotint, chiefly upon portraits; and he 
was an experienced engraver. 


SMITH, R. K. 

A weak stipple portrait of Rev. John Flavel is signed 
Engraved by R. K. Smith from an Original. This plate 
appears as a frontispiece to “The Fountain of Life 
Opened, Etc.,” by Rev. John Flavel, and it was pub- 
lished by Joseph Martin, Richmond, Va., 1824. Noother 
example of the work of the engraver has been found. 


SMITH, SIDNEY L. 


Born in Foxboro, Mass., June 15, 1845; living in 
1906. In 1847 his father removed to Canton, Mass., 
252 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


which place has since been the home of the subject of 
this sketch. In August, 1863, Sidney L. Smith was 
placed with Reuben Carpenter, a commercial engraver, 
to learn that business; but in the early part of 1864 Mr. 
Smith enlisted in the Union army and saw some service 
at the close of the Civil War. Upon returning to peace- 
ful pursuits, he entered the engraving establishment of 
Joseph Andrews, in Boston. Under the general super- 
vision of Mr. Andrews, Mr. Smith and Mr. Thomas D. 
Kendricks reproduced on steel the original etchings, and 
the original woodcuts as well, issued in England for an 
edition of Dickens’ works. As Mr. Andrews was not an 
_ etcher and had little liking for this class of work, the 
young men were left pretty much to their own devices in 
a task that a them for about two and one half 
years. 

Upon the SA eictior of this work Mr. Smith opened 
an engraving establishment of his own, and for some 
time was engaged with such work as he could secure. In 
1877 Mr. John La Farge, who had previously tried to 
induce Mr. Smith to abandon engraving for painting, 
invited the latter to assist him in the decoration of 
Trinity Church, in Boston; and as an assistant to Mr. 
La Farge, Mr. Smith was engaged in this work until 
1883; and until 1887 he was chiefly employed in the de- 
signing of stained glass windows and in work of a 
decorative character. 

In 1887 Mr. Smith made some etchings for Mr. Clar- 
ence Cook; and finding that others desired work of a 
similar character he has continued etching and designing 
for engravers, etc., since that date. Though Mr. Smith 

253 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


has produced exceptionally good and artistic work as an 
etcher, his experience as an engraver proper has been 
confined to the early part of his professional career, and 
covers a comparatively brief period. 


SMITH, WILLIAM D. 

In 1829 this capital line-engraver was working in 
Newark, N. J., and he was possibly a pupil of Peter 
Maverick. From 1835 to 1850 Wm. D. Smith was in 
business as a general engraver in New York City. 


SMITHER, JAMES . 

According to all the data available, this engraver in 
line, and in a somewhat peculiar stipple manner, first ap- 
pears in this country in Philadelphia in 1768, when he 
was engraving for Robert Bell, a publisher and book- 
seller of that city. He then advertises his business as 
follows in the “Pennsylvania Journal” of April 21, 
1768: 2 
“James Smither. Engraver. At the first house in 
Third-street, from the Cross-Keys, corner of Chesnut- 
street, Philadelphia. Performs all manner of Engravy- 
ing in gold, silver, copper, steel and all other metals: 
coats of arms, and seals, done in the neatest manner. 
Likewise cuts stamps, brands and metal cuts for printers, 
and ornamental tools for book-binders. He also orna- 
ments guns and pistols, both engraving and inlaying sil- 
ver, at the most reasonable rates.” 

This advertisement would seem to justify the tradition 
that he was originally an ornamenter of guns and a gun- 
smith, working in the Tower of London previous to his 

254 


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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


arrival in Philadelphia. He did considerable engraving 
for Robert Bell, mentioned above; engraved book-plates 
and bill-heads; and he is credited with having engraved 
the plates for some of the paper money of the Province 
of Pennsylvania, and then having counterfeited this 
money for the use of the enemy during the British occu- 
pation of Philadelphia. In any event, a proclamation 
was issued by the Supreme Executive Council of Penn- 
sylvania, on June 25, 1778, accusing Smither and others 
of having “knowingly and willingly aided and assisted 
the enemies of this state and the U. S. of America,” and 
declaring all of them attainted of high treason. Smither 
evidently left Philadelphia with the British troops, as he 
was working for Hugh Gaine in New York in 1777; and 
he advertises himself as an engraver, “late of Philadel- 
phia,” in Rivington’s “Royal Gazette” of May 22, 1779. 

He returned to Philadelphia, as in 1786 he was en- 
graving for publishers of that city; and the name of 
“James Smither, engraver and seal-cutter’” appears in 
the Philadelphia directories for 1791-1800, 1802-19, and 
in 1828-24. Unfortunately, there was a James Smither, 
Jr., also an engraver, and the directories make no dis- 
tinction between the father and son. The elder James 
Smither was certainly engraving after 1800, but he prob- 
ably died soon after that date. 


SMITHER, JAMES, JR. 


As mentioned in the preceding sketch, there is some 
difficulty in disentangling these two names. The evidence 
of the existence of a “James Smither, Jr.,” lies in the - 
occurrence of this name among the professional members 

255 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


of the Philadelphia Association of Artists, organized on 
Dec. 28, 1794; and plates of birds so signed are among 
the illustrations in Dobson’s edition of Rees’ Encyclo- 
pedia, published in Philadelphia in 1794-1803. In the 
same work, however, plates almost identical in character 
are signed “James Smither” and “James Smither, Jr.”; 
and it is possible that the elder Smither having died in 
the interval of publication, the son used both forms of 
name. The directories make no distinction between 
father and son and give no clue. The probability is that 
the elder Smither died soon after 1800, and it was the 
son who was working until 1824, fifty-six years after 
the appearance of the James Smither of 1768. 

The name of James Smither, Jr., as engraver, has only 
been found by the compiler in Dobson’s encyclopedia; 
the work is in line. A James Smither, probably the son, 
‘was an officer in one of the Pennsylvania militia regi- 
ments in 1776-77. | | 


SNYDER, H. W. 

Snyder was engraving in New York in 1797-1805; 
and in 1811 he made some good stipple portraits for the 
“Polyanthos,” of Boston. He usually signed his plates 
“Snyder,” but one plate, published in Boston in 1807, is 
signed as above. As “H.W. Snyder” he also made a 
number of the line illustrations in “The American Build- 
er’s Companion,” published in Boston in 1816. — 


SOPER, R. F. ! 
This meritorious engraver of portraits in stipple was 
employed by New York publishers as early as 1831; he 
256 


EE ee” ee eee a eke a Cae aes 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


worked largely for J. C. Buttre, of the same city, at a 
later period. 


SPARROW, T. - 

Plates for Maryland paper money, issued in 1770-74, 
are conspicuously signed 7. Sparrow, Sculp. Sparrow 
also engraved upon copper the title-page to “The Dep- 
uty Commissary’s Guide of Maryland,” published by 
Anne Catherine Green & Son, Annapolis, Md., 1774. 

Sparrow was largely a wood-engraver, and thus made 
book-plates, head- and tail-pieces, bill-heads, etc. He 
was located in Annapolis, Md.; and Mr. Charles Dexter 
Allen, in his “American Book-Plates,” says that he 
worked there between 1765 and 1780. 


SPENCELEY, J. WINFRED 


Born in Boston, Mass., in 1865; living there in 1906. 
Mr. Spenceley learned to engrave with J. A. Lowell & 
Co., of Boston, and was with that firm in 1882-87, doing 
lettering and ornamental steel and copperplate engrav- 
ing with the intention of devoting himself to bank-note 
work. He was at the same time attending the art school 
of 'Tomasso Juglaris, in Boston. In 1887 he went into 
business for himself, and while perfecting himself in free- 
hand drawing he took up etching. In 1901—03 he was 
with the Western Bank Note Co., of Chicago; and he 
was later associated with the bank-note company of E. 
Bouligny y Cie, of the city of Mexico. 

While in the employ of J. A. Lowell & Co., Mr. Spen- 
celey worked upon several book-plates, including one of | 
Oliver Wendell Holmes. The freedom of design and the 

257 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


variety incidental to book-plate work appealed to him, 
and he later made a specialty of this branch of engray- 
ing, designing as well as engraving the plates. Among 
the more important book-plates made by Mr. Spenceley 
may be noted the following: The plate for the Boston 
Public Library and those for Harvard, Dartmouth, 
Michigan, Ohio State, and Missouri universities. In ad- 
dition to these he has designed and engraved about one 
hundred and fifty plates for other libraries and for pri- 
vate individuals. A. descriptive catalogue of Mr. Spen- 
celey’s book-plates has been published by W. P. Trues- 
dell, Boston, 1905. 


SPENCER, ASA 

Born in New England; died in England April 1, 
1847. In 1815 Spencer was a member of the bank-note 
engraving firm of Murray, Draper, Fairman & Co. of 
Philadelphia. He invented a process for applying lath- 
work to bank-note engraving, made improvements in the 
medal-ruling machine, and introduced other devices con- 
nected with the manufacture of bank-notes. As men- 
tioned in the note on Gideon Fairman, he accompanied 
Fairman and Perkins to England in 1817. But Spencer 
returned to Philadelphia, and later he published a few 
book illustrations made by his medal-ruling machine; he 
was also a member of the bank-note engraving firm of 
Draper, Underwood, Bald & Huffy, of Philadelphia. 


SPENCER, W. H. 
This engraver of landscape, in line, was working in 
New York in 1825. 
258 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
STALKER, E. 

Well-engraved vignettes so signed are found in Phila- 
delphia publications of 1815. There was an E. Stalker 
engraving in London in 1801 and again in 1828; it is 
possible that he was located in Philadelphia for a short 


time. Several of the plates noted are designed by C. R. 
Leslie. 


STEEL, ALFRED B. 


This engraver of subject plates was working for 
_“Sartain’s Magazine” in 1850. 


STEEL, J. 
In 1850 J. Steel was doing very good work for “Sar- 
tain’s Magazine.” He was an engraver of buildings, etc. 


STEEL, JAMES W. 


Born in Philadelphia in 1799; died there June 30, 
1879. Steel was a pupil of the Philadelphia engravers 
Benjamin Tanner and George Murray; and for a time 
he was engaged in bank-note engraving for Tanner, Val- 
lance, Kearney & Co. Later, he became an accomplished 
line-engraver and produced a number of portraits, land- 
scape, and Annual plates. Steel was working over his 
own name in 1820; at a later period in his professional 
life he was chiefly employed upon bank-note work. 


STEEPER, JOHN 
According to an advertisement in the “Pennsylvania 
Gazette,” March 25, 1762, John Steeper was engraving 
“in all its branches” in Philadelphia. Westcott, in his 
259 


ag ee 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


“Philadelphia,” says that the first important copperplate 
published in Philadelphia, in 1775, was “A Southeast 
Prospect of the Pennsylvania Hospital with the eleva- 
tion of the intended plan.” He goes on to say that Mont- 
gomery and Winters drew it; it was engraved by J. 
Steeper and H. Dawkins, and was printed and sold by 
Robert Kennedy, of Philadelphia. | 

In the “Pennsylvania Gazette,” Oct. 22, 1761, Robert 
Kennedy, copperplate printer, advertises as follows: “A 
Prospective View of the Pennsylvania Hospital, taken 
by Messieurs Winters and Montgomery for the sub- — 
scriber (with the Approbation of the Managers of the 
said Hospital) which is now engraving and may be ex- 
pected in two weeks.” This is doubtless the print referred 
to by Westcott as issued in 1755. James Claypoole’s — 
“Perspective View” of the hospital was also published 
in 1761; but it differs widely from the print of ‘Steeper 
and Dawkins. Unfortunately, the only example of this 
latter engraving seen by the writer is somewhat muti- 
lated, the engravers’ names appearing as J. Steeper & 
H. Dawkins . . . It however contains the names of 
Montgomery and Winter Del. and the Printed and Sold 
by Rob' Kennedy Philad*. 


STILES, SAMUEL 

From 1880 to 1860 this line-engraver was employed in 
New York upon both bank-notes and general engray- 
ings. Stiles probably came from Utica, N. Y., as in 
1830 he went to New York with Vistus Balch, of Utica, 
and they worked together for some time under the firm 
name of Balch & Stiles. 

260 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
STODART, G. 


A. well-engraved portrait of David Stoner, in stipple, 
is signed by G. Stodart. It was apparently published 
about 1835, but as G. Stodart also engraved a portrait of 
Washington, published in London, he may have been an 
English engraver. David Stoner, however, seems to have 
been an American, and his portrait was published in the 
United States. 


STONE, HENRY 

In 1826 this line-engraver was working in Washing- 
ton, D. C. He was doubtless connected with the Mr. 
and Mrs. W. J. Stone here referred to—possibly a son. 


Henry Stone drew upon stone for lithographers of 
Washington, D. C. 


STONE, WILLIAM J. 

In 1822 this excellent engraver of portraits in stipple 
and etcher of buildings, etc., was located in Washington, 
D. C., possibly in Government employ. A map of Wash- 
ington, published in 1840 by Wm. D. Morrison, is signed 
Eng’d by Mrs. W. J. Stone. There is an excellent en- 
graved portrait of Wm. J. Stone. 


STORM, G. F. 

Born in England and came to Philadelphia about 
1834. Storm was an admirable engraver of portraits in 
stipple; he was also a good etcher. Though his stay in 
the United States is said to have been a short one, he 
engraved a considerable number of American portraits. 

| 261 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


STORY, THOMAS C. 

This general engraver of portraits and historical plates 
was in business in New York in the period 1837-44. 
The firm of Story & Atwood was engraving in the same 
city in 1848. 


STOUT, GEORGE H. 

The New York directories for 1830-50, inclusive, 
contain this name as an “engraver of cards, seals and 
door-plates.” 


STOUT, JAMES D. 
This man was a map engraver of 1813, apparently 
living in New York. 


. STOUT, JAMES V. 


James V. Stout was in business in New York in 
1834-88, as a general engraver and die-sinker. He en- 
graved some good landscape plates. 


STRICKLAND, WILLIAM 

Born in Philadelphia in 1787; died in Nashville, 
Tenn., April 7, 1854. Strickland studied architecture 
under Benjamin H. Latrobe; but in 1809 he took up 
portrait-painting, designing for engravers, and engrav- 
ing in aquatint. In this manner he produced a few por- 
traits and a number of views illustrating events in the 
War of 1812. 

About 1820 Strickland resumed practice as an archi- 
tect, and among the buildings designed by him in Phila- 

262 


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ublishit by Cw, Catlin, fro the ently portrait of hire in ertglence > Newlurke, ily. 


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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


delphia were the Masonic Hall, U. S. Mint, Bank of the 
United States, the new Chestnut Street and the Arch 
Street theaters, and the Merchants’ Exchange. With 
the advent of railway building in the United States, 
Strickland began to practise as a civil engineer, and he 
became as famous as an engineer as he had deservedly 
been as an architect. His latest public work, however, 
was in the line of his original profession; he was the 
architect for the State-house in Nashville, Tenn., and 
died while this work was in progress. By a vote of the 
Tennessee Legislature his body was deposited in a crypt 
built for that purpose beneath the State-house. 

As early as 1818 Strickland made an ambitious design 
for “a grand national monument to be commemorative 
of the illustrious Washington.” This monument was to 
be erected in Washington city. 


STUART, F. T. 
This good engraver of portraits was working in 1850; 
and at a much later date he was located in Boston. 


SWETT, C. A. 

This name as engraver is signed to maps published 
in Boston in 1860—65. He engraved several plans of 
the city of Boston. 


TANNER, BENJAMIN 
Born in New York City, March 27, 1775; died in Bal- 
timore, Md., Nov. 14, 1848. Tanner’s master is un- 
known, but he was engraving in New York in 1792, and 
263 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


was possibly one of the pupils of Peter R. Maverick, of 
that city. He remained in New York until 1805, and in 
that. year his name first appears in the Philadelphia 
directories, and he remained continuously in that city 
until 1845, when he apparently removed to Baltimore. 
In 1811, with his brother Henry S. Tanner, he com- 
menced business as a general engraver and map pub- 
lisher; in 1816—24 he was a member of the engraving 
firm of Tanner, Vallance, Kearny & Co.; in 1837 he 
changed his business to that of “stereographer,” using 
steel plates for the production of checks, drafts, notes, | 
and other mercantile paper. 

As an engraver ‘Tanner worked in both line and stip- 
ple. He produced some excellent large plates, of por- 
traits and historical subjects, especially views relating to — 
the Revolution and the War of 1812. Tanner engraved 
some plates in connection with W. R. Jones. 

The original subscription prices of some of the large 
engravings published by Benjamin Tanner are indi- 
cated in the prospectuses published by him in the news- 
papers of the day. His “Perry’s Victory” is advertised 
in the “Columbian Centinel,’’ Boston, March 9, 1814. It 
was intended as a companion print to the “Capture of 
the Macedonian,” by B. Tanner, and “Mr. 'Tiebout’s 
Guerriere.” The price of “Perry’s Victory” was $5 to 
subscribers; and any one who had previously secured the 
“Capture of the Macedonian” could have the “Victory” 
for $4. The “Surrender of Cornwallis,” engraved by 
Tanner, Vallance, Kearny & Co., after a drawing by J. 
F. Renault, and published in 1824, cost subscribers $12, 
with an additional $3 for the accompanying “Plan.” In 

264 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


the latter case non-subscribers were warned that when 
the subscription closed the prices would be $15 and $5 
respectively. 


TANNER, HENRY S. 


Born in New York City in 1786; died there in 1858. 
In 1811 Henry S. Tanner was in business in Phila- 
delphia as a partner of his brother Benjamin, and about 
this time he engraved outline illustrations for some of 
the magazines of that city, though he was chiefly en- 
gaged upon map and chart work. The “Port Folio” of 
1815 credits Henry S. Tanner with having invented a 
process of bank-note engraving which was intended to 
increase the difficulties of counterfeiting. He produced 
effects by white lines on a black ground, very ToS! in 
form and intricate in character. 

In 1843, Henry S. Tanner removed to New York hea 
there engaged in the engraving and publishing of maps, 
charts, etc. He contributed geographical and statistical 
articles to various periodicals, and published guide-books 
for a half-dozen sections of the United States. ‘Tanner 
was made a member of the Geographical societies of 
London and Paris, when this distinction was rare among 
Americans. 


TAPPAN, W. H. 

Tappan was an engraver of portraits in mezzotint 
about 1840; and he engraved some line plates, in con- 
junction with Joseph Andrews, in Boston. He was 
doubtless the Tappan referred to in the sketch of Geo. 

265 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


G. Smith, as his partner in the engraving business in 
Boston. 


TAYLOR, T. 


Good landscape plates, done in line and published in 
New York in 1860, are so signed. ‘Taylor was possibly 
a bank-note engraver, as little of his signed work is seen. 


TEEL, E. 

Born in the United States about 1880; died in 
Hoboken, N. J., before 1860. 'Teel was an excellent line- 
engraver of portraits and landscape. After being em- 
ployed for some time in New York, he was working for 
Cincinnati publishers in 1854. 


TERRIL, ISRAEL 

Israel Terril arranged the music, engraved the title- 
page and music, and printed and sold a music-book en- 
titled ““Vocal Harmony, No. 1, Calculated for the use of 
Singing Schools and Worshipping Assemblies.” ‘The im- 
print is “Newhaven, West Society, Engrav’d Printed 
and Sold by the Author (Israel Terril)”; and the 
work was copyrighted “21 Aug. in 30" year of Inde- 
pendence,” or in 1806. For the note on this engraving 
the compiler is indebted to the courtesy of Mr. A. C. 
Bates, of the Connecticut Historical Society. 


TERRILL BROS. 

These twin brothers were mezzotint-engravers, and. 
came from Canada to the United States about 1868, and 
returned to England about two years later. ‘They were 

266 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


pupils of Simmons, of London, and mainly engraved 
large plates of fancy subjects. 


TERRY, W. D. 


In 1836, in connection with Oliver Pelton, Terry 
founded the “Bank Note Company of Boston.” The firm 
of Terry, Pelton & Co. also did general engraving in the 
same city. Terry himself was a bank-note engraver, and 
some of his early vignettes are signed at Providence, 


R. I. 


THACKARA, 


This signature as engraver is signed to a copperplate 
frontispiece to “The Instructor, or Young Man’s Best 
Companion, etc.,” by Geo. Fisher, published by Isaac 
Collins, Burlington, N. J., 1775. No other example has 
been seen of this man’s work; and it is barely possible 
that the plate referred to was engraved by the sailor 
father of James Thackara. It is poor in execution. 


THACKARA, JAMES 


Born in Philadelphia, March 12, 1767; died there 
Aug. 15, 1848. James Thackara was the son of James 
Thackara, Sr., who settled in Philadelphia in 1764, after 
having served many years as a seaman in the British 
navy. Young James was apprenticed to James Trench- 
ard to learn engraving; and he later married Hannah 
Trenchard, his preceptor’s daughter. 

In 1794 Thackara was a partner of John Vallance in 
the engraving business in Philadelphia; and Thackara’s 
name as engraver appears in the directories from 1791 

267 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


to 1838. His work was done entirely in line and was 
confined to subject plates. He published, in 1814, 
“Thackara’s Drawing Book, for the Amusement and 
Instruction of Young Ladies and Gentlemen.” For 
some time after 1826 Thackara was the keeper of the 
Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. A very good 
three quarter length seated oil portrait of James Thack- 
ara is in the possession of his grandson, James Thackara, 
of Lancaster, Pa. | 


THACKARA, WILLIAM W. 


Born in Philadelphia, Feb. 9, 1791; died there April 
19, 1839; son of James Thackara. The son was a pupil 
of his father; and in 1882 they constituted the firm of 
Thackara & Son, general engravers in Philadelphia. 


THEW, ROBERT 

Born in England; came to the United States about 
1850; and returned to England about 1865. Robert 
Thew worked in New York and in Cincinnati, and was a 
clever engraver of landscapes. | 


THOMPSON, 
Some poorly drawn and poorly engraved subject 


plates are thus signed. They were aaa = in New 
York in 1884. 


~ THOMPSON, D. G. 
Born in England; died in New York about 1870. 
Thompson spent a considerable part of his early life in 


India with a brother who held some official position in 
268 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


that country. He was engraving in New York in 1856, 
working on portraits and landscapes. He was a good 
water-color artist. | 


THOMPSON, J. D. 

In 1860 this capital line-engraver of landscapes was 
working in New York. He was probably a bank-note 
engraver. | | 


THORNHILL, —— 


This man was a music engraver on copper, located in 
Charleston, S. C., early in the last century. 


THORNTON, WILLIAM 
Born in Tortola, West Indies, about 1761; died in 
Philadelphia in 1827. William Thornton was educated 
as a physician; was living in England and Scotland in 
1781—88; and soon after the latter date he came to 
Philadelphia, as he was elected a member of the Ameri- 
can Philosophical Society, of that city, on Jan. 19, 1787. 
He was a skilled architect and designed the Philadel- 
phia library building, completed in 1790, and he later 
superintended the erection of the original Capitol at 
Washington. In 1802 Dr. Thornton was appointed the 
first superintendent of the U. S. Patent Office and he 
held that office until his death. He was prominently 

identified with the scientific investigation of his day. 

Portions of Dr. Thornton’s diaries, for 1780—83, are 
preserved in the Division of Manuscripts in the Library 
of Congress; and by the courtesy of Mr. Worthington 
C. Ford, chief of that division, extracts from these 

269 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


diaries have been furnished showing that Dr. Thornton, 
while in England, made a serious attempt at mezzotint 
engraving. He made various notes to this effect. On 
April 20, 1781, he “Began to Scrape a Mezzotinto”’; on 
Oct. 15, 1781, he “Paid for taking off my mezzotints, 
1£. 1s.”; and “Paid Robinson for Engraving, 7s. 6d.” 
The last entry probably refers to engraving the legend 
under his mezzotint. In 1782 he sends “one of my Mez- 
zotinto prints,” to various personal friends mentioned by 
~ name in the diary. 

One of these mezzotints is preserved in the Library of 
Congress; it is dated in 1781. It is an enlarged copy of 
an engraved gem representing Cesar Augustus, the 
plate being of full quarto size. The mezzotint work is 
fairly well executed; though the hand of the amateur is 
apparent in the modeling of the face and in the hair. The 
plate is dedicated to his friend the Rev. Doctor Baldwin, 
of Aldingham. It is signed “Thornton,” in Greek char- 
acters. 


THROOP, D. S. 
In 1824 a fairly well-engraved stipple portrait of La- 


fayette was published, evidently made for a Lafayette 
badge. Itis signed D. S. Throop Sc., Utica, N. Y. 


THROOP, J. V. N. 
This man was an engraver of portraits, in line and 
stipple, who was working for both New York and Balti- 


more publishers in 1835. 
270 


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THROOP, O. H. 

In 1825 O. H. Throop, an engraver of landscape and 
vignettes, had his office at 172 Broadway, New York 
City. 


TIEBOUT, CORNELIUS 

This engraver, who has the distinction of having been 

the first American-born professional engraver to pro- 
duce really meritorious work, is supposed to have died in 
obscurity in Kentucky about 1830. The date of his 
birth is equally uncertain; for while some biographers 
state that he was born in New York in 1777, existing 
plates engraved by Tiebout show that he was doing 
creditable work in 1789. He was descended from a 
Huguenot family that came to this country from 
Holland, and held lands on the Delaware River as early 
as 1656; they also owned property in Flatbush, Long 
Island, in 1669. 

Tiebout was apprenticed to John Burger, a silver- 
smith of New York, and in this business he first learned 
to engrave upon metal. He was engraving maps and 
subject plates for New York publishers in 1789-90, and 
fairly good line portraits in 1793. 

In the latter year he went to London to seek instruc- 
tion under abler masters than he could find in his native 
country. He there learned to engrave in the stipple 
manner; and on Dec. 15, 1794, he published in London a 
large and well-executed stipple plate engraved after a 
painting by J. Green. In April, 1796, Tiebout pub- 
lished in London his quarto portrait of John Jay. This 
is probably the first really good portrait engraved by an 

271 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


American-born professional engraver; the mezzotint 
work of the artists Peale and Savage not properly com- 
ing under this category. 

In November, 1796, Cornelius Tiebout was again lo- 
cated in New York, engraving and publishing prints in 
connection with his brother, Andrew Tiebout. His name 
disappears from the New York directories in 1799. He 
went to Philadelphia about that time and conducted an 
extensive business as an engraver in that city until 1825. 
He is said to have made considerable money in his busi- 
ness; but he lost this in some disastrous speculation, and | 
then went to Kentucky, about 1825, and died there about 
five years later. 


TILLER, ROBERT 


There were two engravers of this name in Philadel- 
phia, father and son. As nearly as can be ascertained, 
the father was an engraver of landscape, working in line 
in 1818—25; while the son engraved portraits in stipple 
and subject plates in line in 1828-86. 


TISDALE, ELKANAH 


Born in Lebanon, Conn., about 1771, and was living 
in 1884. In 1794-98 Tisdale was located in New York 
as an “Engraver and miniature painter”; but about the 
latter year he removed to Hartford and became a mem- 
ber of the Graphic Co., an association of engravers, 
though he was the designer of vignettes rather than their 
engraver. Dunlap says that he remained in Hartford 
until 1825; and he was designing and engraving plates 
for Samuel F’. Goodrich, of that city, in 1820. 

272 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


Tisdale worked in both line and stipple; but his plates 
possess little merit. The earliest dated plates by Tisdale 
known to the writer are his full-page illustrations to 
Trumbull’s “McFingal,” published in New York in 
1795. 

Tisdale was a better designer than engraver, and he 
claimed to be a painter in his early life, though his best 
work was in the line of miniature portrait painting. A 
portrait of Gen. Knox, executed by Tisdale, was lately 
in the possession of Mr. A. H. Emmons, of Norwich, 
Conn.; it is claimed by good authority to be an excellent 
piece of work. 


TODD, A. 

This engraver etched a small bust of Washington, 
published for the Washington Benevolent Society, Con- 
cord, 1812. A firm of Gray & Todd engraved astro- 
nomical plates published in Philadelphia in 1817; but it 
can not be certainly said that the Todd is the same man 
in both cases. 


TOPHAM, 
Well-executed landscape plates published in Cincin- 
nati in 1852 are thus signed. 


TOPPAN, CHARLES 
Born in Newburyport, Mass., in 1796; living in 1868. 
Toppan was a pupil of Gideon Fairman and was with 
that engraver in Philadelphia in 1814. After domg 
some general engraving on his own account, on the death 
of Fairman in 1827 he became a partner in the bank- 
273 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


note company of Draper, Toppan, Longacre & Co. ‘This 
firm later became Toppan, Carpenter, Casilear & Co., 
and in 1854 it was Toppan, Carpenter & Co. Having 
removed to New York, Mr. Toppan, in 1858-60, was 
president of the then American Bank Note Co., of that 
city. 


TORREY, CHARLES CUTLER 

According to “The Annals of Salem” (Salem, Mass., 
1849), Charles Cutler Torrey was brought to Salem by 
his parents as an infant. He studied engraving in Phila- 
delphia about 1815, and in 1820 he established himself in 
that business in Salem. While he is said to have en- 
graved a few portrait plates and some general illustra- 
tions for the book publishers, his most notable work of 
this period is a large and well-executed plate showing a 
“North East View of the Several Halls of Harvard 
College.” This print was published in Boston, in 1823, 
by Cummings, Hilliard & Co. A companion plate, show- 
ing a “South view of the Several Halls of Harvard Col- 
lege,” was engraved by Annin & Smith and published by 
the same Boston firm. Torrey left Salem in 1823 and 
removed to Nashville, Tenn., where he died of a fever in 
1827. 

He was a brother of Manasseh Cutler Torrey, a Bor 
trait and miniature painter of Salem. 


TRENCHARD, E. C. 
A: well-executed stipple portrait of Count Rumford 
is signed as Drawn and Engraved by E. C. Trenchard, 
274 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


and it appears as a frontispiece to “The Essays of Count 
Rumford,” published by D. West, Boston, 1798. 

There is some difficulty in exactly locating this E. C. 
Trenchard, who was engraving for Boston publishers in 
1798. An Edward Trenchard, under date of Dec. 29, 
1794, signed an agreement in Philadelphia to establish 
in the United States a school or academy of architecture, 
sculpture, painting, etc.; and among the other signers to 
this document were the American engravers James 
Trenchard, John Vallance, ciated Fox, Robert Field, 
and John Eckstein. 

The biography of Capt. Edward Trenchard, a naval 
officer prominent in the War of 1812, says that he was 
_ born at Salem, Salem Co., New Jersey, in 1784; studied 
art under the instruction of his uncle, James 'Trenchard, 
the Philadelphia engraver, and then went to England to 
complete his art education. But on April 30, 1800, this 
Edward Trenchard entered the U. S. Navy as a mid- 
shipman, and became prominent in that service, as stated. 
He died in Brooklyn, N. Y., Nov. 3, 1824. The pictorial 
book-plate of “Lieut. KE. Trenchard, U.S. Navy,” is de- 
scribed by Mr. Charles Dexter Allen; but it is unsigned 
by the engraver. 

The signer of the Philadelphia agreement of 1794, 
and the Kdward Trenchard who studied with his uncle 
before 1793—when James Trenchard left the United 
States—might well have been the engraver of the 
“Count Rumford” in 1798, so far as the dates are con- 
cerned. But the alleged date of birth of the naval officer, 
Edward Trenchard, is 1784; and the engraving is almost . 
too well done to have been the work of a boy of fourteen 

275 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


years of age. On the other hand, this date of 1784 may 
be in error, and the later naval officer may have engraved 
not only the portrait in question, but his own book-plate 
as well. 


TRENCHARD, JAMES 

Trenchard’s grandson, Mr. James 'Thackara, of Lan- 
caster, Pa., says that James 'Trenchard came to Phila- 
delphia from Penns Neck, Salem Co., N. J. He was 


located in Philadelphia as an engraver and seal-cutter as ~ 


early as June, 1777; and in 1787 he was the artistic mem- 
ber of the firm that established the “Columbian Mag- 
azine.” In 1798 Trenchard went to England and re- 
mained there. 

Dunlap says that Trenchard learned to engrave with 
J. Smither, in Philadelphia. He engraved a few por- 
traits and a number of views in and about Philadelphia, 
but his work was poor. He was also a die-sinker, and 
made the dies for the medal of the Agricultural Society 
of Philadelphia, 1790. 

James Trenchard was possibly a son or nephew of 
George Trenchard, of Salem, N. J., who was Attorney- 
General of West New Jersey in 1767. 


TRIPLER, H. E. 

About 1850-—52 this engraver of portraits and his- 
torical plates was working for New York publishers. In 
connection with John Bannister he engraved for “Sar- 
tain’s Magazine,” of Philadelphia. 

276 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


TUCKER, WILLIAM E. 


Born in Philadelphia in 1801; died there in 1857, says 
Mr. Baker. Tucker was a pupil of Francis Kearny, in 
Philadelphia, and he also studied in England for a time, 
as we find prints signed Engraved in London by W. E. 
Tucker. 'Tucker’s name as an engraver appears con- 
tinuously in the directories of Philadelphia from 1823 
until 1845. 

Tucker was an excellent engraver in line and in stip- 
ple; but his best signed work is found among his small 
Annual plates. Later in life he devoted himself almost 
entirely to bank-note engraving. 


TULLY, CHRISTOPHER 

The “Pennsylvania Magazine’ for 1775 contains a 
large copperplate of a machine for spinning wool, which 
the text informs us “was drawn and engraved by Chris- 
topher Tully, who first made and introduced this ma- 
chine into this country.” While nothing more is known 
to the compiler of ‘Tully as an engraver, the above plate 
_ was evidently made in connection with the work of the 
Society for Promoting American Manufacturers, organ- 
ized in Philadelphia in 1775. To this society C. 'Tully 
and John Hague submitted models of machines for spin- 
ning wool and cotton goods; these two machines were 
so similar in design that the committee appointed to 
examine them finally decided to divide between 
these two inventors the prize of £380 offered by the 
society. No other engraved work by Tully is known to 
the compiler. 

| 277 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


TURNER, JAMES 

As an engraver James Turner’s name first occurs 
in Boston, Mass., signed to a curious view of Boston 
which appears in the “American Magazine” for 1744. 
In the “Boston Evening Post” of June 24, 1745, he ad- 
vertises his varied accomplishments as follows: 

“James Turner, Silversmith & Engraver. Near the 
Town-House in Cornhill Boston. Engraves all sorts of 
Copper Plates for the Rolling Press, all sorts of Stamps 
in Brass or Pewter for the common Printing Press, 
Coats of Arms, Crests, Cyphers, &c., on Gold, Silver, 
Steel, Copper, Brass, or Pewter. He likewise makes 
W atch Faces, makes and cuts Seals in Gold, Silver, or 
Steel: or makes Steel Faces for Seals, and sets them 
handsomely in Gold or Silver. He cuts all sorts of Steel 
Stamps, Brass Rolls and Stamps for Sadlers and Book- 
binders, and does all sorts of work in Gold and Silver. 
All after the best and neatest manner and at the most 
Reasonable Rates.” 

While in Boston Turner engraved, among other 
plates, the three large folding maps used in a “Bill 
in the Chancery of New Jersey,” published in New 
York in 1747 by James Parker. He also there 
engraved a fairly good portrait of the Rev. Isaac 
Watts. 

About 1758 James Turner appears in Philadelphia as 
an engraver and print-dealer on Arch Street; and he was 
probably working there before this date, as he was the 
engraver of the large map of the “Province of Pennsyl- 
vania” published by Nicholas Scull in Philadelphia m 
1759. He engraved several book-plates for residents of 

278 


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Trumbull Gallery, Yaie-Gollege, New 


Entered according fo 


e act of Congress in the year 1833 by James tHesrmg in the clerks office of the 
District Court of the Southern District of N York: 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


Philadelphia; and the Penn coat of arms which appears 
in the headline of the “Pennsylvania Gazette” of this 
period, and signed by Turner as engraver, is probably 
an example of the “stamps in Brass or Pewter for the 
common Printing Press’ referred to in his advertisement 
above. | 

James Turner died in Philadelphia late in the year 
1759, as we find in the “Pennsylvania Gazette,” of De- 
cember, 17759, a notice of the sale of the household effects 
of “James Turner, Engraver, deceased.” Among these 
effects were “engraving Tools, a number of Copper- 
plates and Pictures.” 


TUTHILL, W. H. 

In 1825 Tuthill was designing for the early New 
York lithographer Imbert; in 1830-81 he was engrav- 
ing portraits, landscape and book illustrations for New 
York publishers. The engraving firm of Tuthill & 
Barnard was working in New York at a later date. A 
small but clever etching of “Mr. Robert as Worm- 
wood,” published in New York, is signed ““Tuthill fec’t,” 
and can be ascribed to this man. 


UNDERWOOD, THOMAS 

Born about 1795; died at Lafayette, Ind., July 18, 
1849, “age 54 years.” Underwood was a good bank-note 
‘engraver working in Philadelphia in 1829. He was a 
member of the bank-note company of Fairman, Draper, 
Underwood & Co., and after 1841, of Underwood, Bald, 
Spencer & Hufty. 
279 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


VALDENUIT, 

Some of the portrait plates issued by St. Memin, pre- 
vious to 1797, are signed St. Memin & Valdenuit, No, 12 
Far St., N. York. Mr. Baker thinks that Valdenuit 
assisted in the engraving; but he may have been merely 
associated with St. Memin in the business of publishing 
or issuing these plates. 


VALENTINE, ELIAS 

Valentine was a copperplate printer and engraver liv- 
ing in New York in 1810-18, according to the direc- . 
tories. As an engraver he seems to have done very little 
work. One of his signed plates is really a worked-over 
plate engraved by W. S. Leney, and another also seems 
to be a doctored plate. 


VALLANCE, JOHN 

Born in Scotland; died in Philadelphia, June 14, 
1823, “in the 58rd year of his age.”’ Vallance apparently 
came to Philadelphia about 1791, as his name as an en- 
graver appears in that city in 1791-99, and in 1811—23. 
It can not be stated where he was in the interval 1800 
—10. In 1794, as a member of the firm of Thackara & 
Vallance, he was engraving in Philadelphia, and Edwin 
ascribes to Vallance the portrait of John Howard signed 
by this firm. But the stipple portrait of Hugh Blair, 
signed by Vallance alone, is the best example of his work 
seen; it is a good engraving. Vallance engraved a large 
number of encyclopedia plates and general work of this 
description. He was one of the founders of the Associa- 
tion of Artists in America, organized in Philadelphia in 


280 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


1794; and in 1810 he was treasurer of the Society of 
Artists, of the same city. He was for a time a member of 
the engraving firm of Tanner, Vallance, Kearny & Co., 
of Philadelphia. Vallance was an excellent script en- 
graver, and good early bank-notes bear his name. 


VERGER, PETER C. 


The only known plate of Verger is “The Triumph of 
Liberty,” a folio plate signed Engraved by P. C. 
Verger, Nov. 1796. Mr. Baker, in describing this plate, 
says that Verger was an engraver in New York, and the 
preceptor of Benjamin Tanner. But Tanner was ac- 
tually engraving in New York in 1794, two years before 
the name of “Peter Verger, engraver on fine stone” ap- 
pears in the New York directory for the one year 1796. 
The contention of the writer is that Verger was not a 
copperplate engraver, and that this plate was engraved 
in France for an American market, and was probably 
brought over here by Verger and published by him in 
New York. 

Verger was an “engraver upon fine stone,” an art de- 
manding a very different training and entirely different 
methods from those required in engraving upon copper. 
Then the plate referred to is very well engraved, con- 
sumed a long time in its execution, and is evidently the 
work of an expert engraver. It is hardly possible that 
a seal-engraver should be an equally good copperplate 
engraver. Nagler, in his Kunstler-Lexicon, in speaking 
of Claude du Verger, a landscape-painter of 1780, refers 
to “a younger Verger,” who was an engraver on precious 
stones, working in Paris in 1806. May not this “younger 

281 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


Verger” be the “Peter Verger, engraver on fine stone, ° 
who was in New York in 1796 and then disappears from 
this country ? 

An examination of the composition of the engraving 
itself proves that it could not have been designed by an 
American, or by one knowing anything about the history 
of the Revolution. It was evidently intended to com- 
memorate the successful issue of the War for Inde- 
pendence, and made for sale in the United States; yet it 
contains no mention of Washington, while recording the 
names of officers of comparatively little prominence, like 
those of Scammel and Barber. On a monument “Sacred 
to the memory of the American heroes, fallen in defence 
of their Country” are inscribed the names of about a 
dozen American soldiers, half of whom died peacefully 
in their beds long after the Revolution. And at the foot 
of a column, surmounted by a very French representa- 
tion of Liberty, is an urn inscribed “J. J. Rousseau,” 
who is thus enrolled among American patriots. ‘The 
wording of the long explanatory inscription is also 
strongly indicative of French origin, without revision by 
one familiar with American history. 

According to the inscription below, the designer of 
this plate is J’n. F’is, Renault. N. York. This is the 
same man who painted the equally historically incorrect 
representation of “The British Surrendering their arms 
to Genl. Washington, 1781.” In this composition the 
central position is given to the Duc de Lauzun and to 
Lafayette; Cornwallis tenders his sword to Washing- 
ton; the American flag bears the eagle of the Cincin- 
natus, and the buildings in the background are totally 

282 : 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


un-American. This picture was evidently composed in 
France, as the “Triumph of Liberty” must have been, 
and by the same man. It is possible that Renault was 
with the French army at Yorktown, as he uses the name 
of Scammel, who was killed at Yorktown, among his 
fallen heroes. But if he were there, he paid little atten- 
tion to facts in his composition. 

It might be interesting to note in this place that the 
original painting of the “Surrender of Cornwallis’ by 
J. F. Renault, was exhibited by him in this country be- 
fore 1824. 


VERNON, T. 


Born in England; there learned to engrave, and he 
did much work for the “London Art Journal’ before he 
came to New York, about 1853. Vernon was chiefly 
employed here by the bank-note engraving companies, 
and he returned to England in 1856—57. 


WAGNER, H. S. : 

About 1850 H. S. Wagner was engraving portraits 
in mezzotint, and also publishing portraits, in Phila- | 
delphia. These portraits were largely those of clergy- 
men. 


WAGNER, WILLIAM 
William Wagner was a seal-engraver in York, 
Pa., in 1820-35. He made a few crude attempts at 
engraving on copper; his plates including a portrait of 
Rubens and a view of York Springs. He was treasurer 
of the York High School in 1835. 
283 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
WAGSTAFF, C. E. 


This engraver of portraits in stipple was working in 
Boston about 1840-45; he was an associate of Joseph 
Andrews for a time. 


WALTER, ADAM B. 

Born in Philadelphia in 1820; died there Oct. 14, 
1875. Walter was a pupil of Thomas B. Welch, and he 
was associated with Welch in the engraving business un- 
til 1848. He was an excellent engraver of portraits, 
chiefly executed in mezzotint. 


WARNER, C. J. 


The only plate of this man known to the compiler is a 
fairly well-executed stipple portrait of Gen. Anthony 
Wayne. It was published by C. Smith, New York, 
1796; and probably appeared in the “Monthly Military 
Repository,” published by Smith in that year. 


WARNER, GEORGE D. | 
This name is signed to a botanical plate published in 
the “New York Magazine” for December, 1791. The 
book-plate of George Warner is signed Warner Sculpt, 

and is probably the work of this engraver. 


WARNER, WILLIAM 
Born in Philadelphia about 1813; died there in 1848, 
says Mr. Baker. Warner was a portrait-painter and a 
self-taught engraver in mezzotint. He made compara- 
tively few plates, but the larger of these are admirable 
examples of mezzotint work. 
284 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


WARNICKE, JOHN G. 

Died in Philadelphia Dec. 29, 1818. In 1811-14, and 
again in 1818, Warnicke was engraving in Philadelphia. 
His one portrait found by the compiler, that of Frank- 
lin, is a very good piece of stipple work. 


WARR, JOHN 


There were two men of this name in Philadelphia, in 
1821—45, working as “general engravers.” The older 
man was seemingly engraving in 1821-28; and the 
younger man, John Warr Jr., was engraving in 1825 
—45. Their work consisted chiefly of vignettes, business- 
cards, etc., but these are well engraved. 


WARR, W. W. 
_ This W. W. Warr was a script engraver working in 
Philadelphia about 1830. He usually signed plates in 


connection with John Warr, as Engraved by J. & W. 
W. Warr. | 


WARREN, A. COOLIDGE 

Born in Boston, Mass., March 25, 1819; died in New 
York, Nov. 22, 1904. Mr. Warren was the son of Asa 
Warren, a portrait and miniature painter, and was ap- 
prenticed in 1833 to Bigelow Bros., jewelers, of Boston. 
‘But showing a decided inclination toward engraving, he 
was placed, a little later than this, with the Boston en- 
graver George G. Smith. At the end of his apprentice- 
ship Warren spent another year under the tuition of 
Joseph Andrews, and became a reputable line-en- 
graver of vignettes and book illustrations. For a num- 

285 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


ber of years he was in the employ of the New England 
Bank Note Co. and the Boston publishers Ticknor & 
Fields. But as the result of too much night work he was 
compelled to, abandon engraving for about five years. 
In this interval he drew upon wood for other engravers. 
In 1863 Mr. Warren removed to New York and en- 
graved for the Continental Bank Note Co. and for book 
publishers. In June, 1899, he entirely lost the sight of 
one eye, and was compelled to permanently abandon his 
profession. He occupied his later years in painting. 


WATTS, J. W. 
About 1850 Watts was a line-engraver of landscape 
in Boston; he later etched some very good portraits. 


WELCH, THOMAS B. 

Born in Charleston, S. C., in 1814; died in Paris, Nov. 
5, 1874. According to Mr. Baker, Welch was a pupil 
of James B. Longacre in Philadelphia; and apparently 
soon after his release from his apprenticeship he formed 
a business connection with A. B. Walter. Over his own 
name he produced some good portraits in stipple, and 
some large ones in mezzotint. For the Annuals he en- 
graved some admirable pure line plates. 

About 1861 Welch abandoned engraving and went 
abroad to study art, and he remained in Paris for a num- 
ber of years. As showing his earlier tastes in this -direc- 
tion, the Philadelphia directories of 1841-45 give his 
occupation as “portrait-painter.” | 

286 


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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
WELLMOREH, E. 


This capital engraver in stipple and in line was a 
pupil of James B. Longacre in Philadelphia, and over 
his own name he engraved some of the portraits in the 
“National Portrait Gallery,” of 1884-85. At a much 
later period he was engraving book illustrations in New 
York. He is said to have finally become a clergyman. 
Wellmore was also a miniature painter, as we find en- 
gravings and lithographs done after porn painted 
by E. Wellmore. 


WELLS, J. 
The only information obtainable is that J. Wells was 
a map engraver working in New York in 1836. 


WELLSTOOD, JAMES 

Born in Jersey City, N. J., Nov. 20, 1855; died there 
March 14, 1880. James Wellstood was the son of Wil- 
liam Wellstood and was the pupil of his father. He be- 
came a successful and promising engraver, and at the 
time of his death he was a member of the engraving firm 
of William Wellstood & Co. His principal plates were 
“The Pointer” and “Safe in Port,” the latter after a 
painting by Thomas Moran. 


WELLSTOOD, JOHN GEIKIE 

Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, Jan. 18, 1818; living in 
1889. Wellstood came to New York in 1830, and was 
employed by Rawdon, Wright & Co., and he remained 
with that engraving firm until 1847, when he began busi- 
ness for himself. In 1858 his firm was merged into what 
is now the American Bank Note Company, and he was 

287 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


connected with this company until 1871. In the latter 
year he founded the Columbian Bank Note Company in 
Washington, D. C.; and while president of that com- 
pany he designed and partially engraved the backs of all 
the U. S. Treasury notes issued at that time. When the 
printing of United States notes. passed into the hands of 
the Treasury Department, Wellstood returned to New 
York, and was still employed in 1889 as a script en- 
graver by the American Bank Note Company. Well- 
stood made many improvements in the manufacture of 

bank-notes. oe 


WELLSTOOD, WILLIAM 


Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, Dec. 19, 1819; died 
Sept. 19, 1900. William was a brother of John G. Well- 
stood and came to New York with his parents in 1830. 
He began work there as a letter engraver, but he later 
devoted himself to landscape and pictorial work. From 
1846 to 1871 he was employed by the Western Methodist 
Book Concern, in Cincinnati, O., and by various New 
York firms. He was a good line-engraver and produced 
a large amount of work. 


WESTON, HENRY W. 

Weston was engraving—in a feeble manner—maps, 
Bible illustrations, etc., in Philadelphia, in 1803-06, for 
Mathew Carey, the book publisher of that city. 


WESTWOOD, CHARLES 
Born in Birmingham, England, and came to the 
United States in 1851 with John Rogers, the engraver, 
288 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


says Mr. Hollyer. Westwood was a clever general en- 
graver; but he was dissipated, and committed suicide 
about 1855. 


WHELPLEY, P. M. 


About 1845 this capital engraver was located in New 
York. He engraved portraits in mezzotint. 


WHITE, GEORGE H. 
Some fairly good portraits, engraved in a mixed man- 
ner, about 1870, are thus signed. 


WHITE, G. I. 

This good line-engraver of portraits was working 
about 1825-30 in this country; but none of the prints 
seen give any indication of locality. 


WHITE, THOMAS STURT 

The “New England Weekly Journal,” for July 8, 
1784, contains the following notice of a possible early 
engraver and printer of copperplates; though no signed 
work is known to the writer: 

“THOMAS STURT WHITE. Engraver from 
London. Not having met with such success as he ex- 
pected since he came to Boston; hereby gives Notice that 
he intends for London in the Fall, unless he meets with 
sufficient encouragement to oblige him to stay. This 
therefore is to inform all Gentlemen, Goldsmiths, and 
others, that they may have all manner of Engraving 

either on Gold, Silver, Copper, or Pewter; likewise Roll- 
289 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


ing Press Printing, as well and cheap as is performed in 
London. 

“N. B. The said White lives at the Second Door on 
the Right Hand in Williams Court, in Cornhill.” 


WHITECHURCH, ROBERT 


Born in London in 1814; was living in 1883. Mr. 
Baker says that Whitechurch did not commence to en- 
grave until he was thirty years of age. He came to the 
United States about 1848 and lived for some years in 
Philadelphia. In his later professional life he worked 
for the Treasury Department at Washington. He was 
an excellent engraver of portraits in line, stipple, and 
mezzotint. 


WIGGIN, J. 

This is a fraudulent signature. A portrait of Ben- 
jamin Rush—in line—was E'ngraved by J. Akin and 
published by him in Philadelphia, March 20, 1800. A — 
later impression of this plate is found with the engraver 
and a long dedicatory address erased; it is relettered 
Engraved by J. Wiggin. 


WIGHTMAN, THOMAS 


“The Croaker,” a writer in the “Boston Courier,” 
Sept. 22, 1849, refers to Thomas Wightman as “a young 
artist” who came to Boston from England about 1806. 
But Wightman was in New England prior to 1806, as 
“Dean’s Analytical Guide to Penmanship” was pub- 
lished in Salem in 1802, illustrated by twenty-five cop- 
perplates. We are told that these plates were “Collected 

290 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


by Henry Dean and correctly engraved by Thomas 
Wightman.” Wightman also engraved some of the 
plates for a mathematical text-book published in 1806 by 
Prof. Webber, of Harvard College. In 1814 he was in 
the employ of the Boston engraver Abel Bowen, and en- 
graved for “The Naval Monument,” published by 
Bowen in that year. The portraits executed by Wight- 
man are fairly well done in stipple; and the publication 
dates of his prints would indicate that he was working 
— until 1820. A few book-plates bear his name as engraver. 


WILCOX, J. A. J. 


Wilcox engraved a few admirable portraits in line in 
- Boston, about 1875. 


WILLARD, ASAPH 

As early as 1816 this engraver was in business in 
Albany, N. Y., as a member of the firm of Willard & 
Rawdon, bank-note and general engravers. In 1819-28 
he was a member of the Graphic Co., of Hartford, Conn. 
He was an engraver of maps, portraits, subject plates, 
etc., and his plates have little merit. Willard is men- 
tioned as having been the first preceptor of John Cheney. 


WILLIAMS, E. G. & BRO. 
This engraving firm was producing portraits in New 
York in 1880. ' 


WILLIAMS, H. 
The few weak stipple portraits thus signed are all 
both painted and engraved by H. Williams. John 
291 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


Rubens Smith engraved several portraits after paintings 
by Henry Williams, who is referred to by Dunlap as a 
portrait-painter working in 1812-16. ‘This man was 
probably the engraver. The only indication of locality 
and date is found on‘his engraved portrait of Elias 
Smith, which was published at Portsmouth, N. H., in 
1816. In 1814 Williams published in Boston “The Ele- 
ments of Drawing,” illustrated by twenty-six copper- 
plate engravings. As this book has not been seen by the 
writer, he can not say whether these plates were en- 
graved by Williams or not. 

As late as 1824 H. Williams advertises as a portrait 
and miniature painter in the “New England Pal- 
ladium,”’ with a studio at No. 6 School Street, Boston. 
This notice says that “He also continues to paint from 
the dead in his peculiar manner by Masks, etc.” 


WILLSON, J. 

Crudely engraved music and the accompanying words 
is signed by this engraver. ‘There is no indication of 
place or date; but it is bound up with other music pub- 
lished by J. & M. Paff, Nos. 2 and 3 City Hotel, Broad- 
way, New York. The work was probably done about 
1800-10. 


WILMER, WILLIAM A. 


Died about 1855, says Mr. Baker. Wilmer was a 
pupil of James B. Longacre in Philadelphia, and en- 
graved some excellent portrait plates in stipple for the 
“National Portrait Gallery.” 

292 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 

WILSON, ALEXANDER 

Born in Paisley, Scotland, July 6, 1766; died in 
Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. 23, 1818. In the life of this 
eminent ornithologist we are told that Wilson was 
taught to draw, color, and etch by his friend Alexander 
Lawson, the engraver, and he rapidly attained a marked 
degree of proficiency in delineating birds. For his own 
great work on “American Ornithology” he later etched 
two plates from his own drawings. 


WILSON, D. W. 

This name, as D. W. Wilson Sc. Alb’y, is appended 
to a ticket issued by the “Managers of the County Pas- 
toral Ball.” There is no indication of place, other than 
Albany; but the plate is headed by a well-engraved 
vignette showing Agriculture and Manufacture on each 
side of a bee-hive surmounting an oval containing a 
sheep. In a circle over the vignette are the words 
“Farmers Holyday.” The date of the work is about 
1825-30. D. W. Wilson engraved a book-plate for 
Samuel Pruyn, of Albany. 


WILSON, JAMES 

This name, in conjunction with that of Isaac Eddy, is 
appended to a large copperplate “Published by Isaac 
Eddy, Weathersfield, Vermont, 1813.” The plate rep- 
resents, in the form of a tree, the growth of the nations 
of the world from the time of Adam. The inscription on 
the plate reads Engraved by James Wilson, Bradford, 
and by Isaac Eddy, W eathersfield, V ermont. 

298 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


As this plate is largely script, James Wilson may 
have confined his work to the script; the representation 
of Adam naming the beasts closely resembles other work 
of Eddy. 


WILSON, W. W. 

About 1850 some well-engraved portraits were issued 
in Boston, signed W. W. Wilson Eng’r & Print’r 35 
Wash’n St. : 

An etched portrait of Washington is signed Wm. 
Wilson N. Y. 1849. This may be the same man as above. 


WISH, C. 

Born in England; died about 1889, says Mr. Hollyer. 
Wise came to the United States in 1850, and he en- 
graved for New York publishers and for J. M. Butler, | 
of Philadelphia. Wise was a good engraver of portraits 
in stipple. 


WISSLER, JACQUES 

Born in Strasburg, Germany, in 1808; died in Cam- 
den, N. J., Nov. 25, 1887. Wissler was trained to en- 
grave and to lithograph in Paris, and he came to the 
United States in 1849. He was in Richmond, Va., at the 
outbreak of the Civil War, and he was employed by the 
Confederate government to engrave the plates for its 
paper currency and bonds. At the close of the war he 
removed to Macon, Miss.; but finally settled in Camden, 
N. J., where he continued to engrave, and to produce 
portraits in crayons and in oil. None of his signed work 
is known to the compiler. 

294 


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WOOD, J. | 
A. well-executed stipple plate, representing “The 
Medical College of South Carolina,” forms the frontis- 
piece to a medical address delivered by Stephen Elliot, 
LL.D., published in Charleston, S. C., in 1826. It is 
signed by J. Wood as engraver. 


WOODCOCK, T. S. 

Born in Manchester, England; came to New York 
about 1830; and in 1836 he was working in Philadelphia. 
A portrait of Andrew Jackson, published in New York 
in 1884, is engraved with a ruling-machine and is signed 
by Woodcock. About 1840 Woodcock was located in 
Brooklyn as an engraver and print-publisher; and about 
this time we find some beautiful plates of butterflies 
Engraved by Woodcock & Harvey, Brooklyn. Wood- 
cock finally inherited some money and returned to 
England. 


WOODRUFF, WILLIAM 

This engraver of portraits and landscape was in busi- 
ness in Philadelphia in 1817-24. He worked quite well 
in both line and stipple. After 1824 he apparently re- 
moved to Cincinnati, as we find prints engraved by him 
in that city. 


WOODWARD, E. F. 

The maps and small vignettes of events in Ameri- 
ean history, in a school atlas published in Hartford, 
Conn., in 1839, are signed as Engraved by E. F'. Wood- 
ward. 

295 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
— WOOLLEY, WILLIAM 


This clever engraver in mezzotint produced two por- 
traits of George Washington and a companion plate of 
Mrs. Washington. These plates were published by 
David Longworth, at the Shakespeare Gallery, No. 11 
Park, New York, probably about 1800. 

Our interest in this engraver lies in the fact that the 
larger memorial plate bears the inscription David Long- 
worth Direwit. | Woolley—Pinait et Sculpsit. | While 
this inscription might suggest an American origin, it 
is more reasonable to assume that David Longworth 
simply suggested the design; ordered a painting and 
engraving made in London, and then imported both and 
published the print as above stated in New York. This 
contention is borne out by the fact that no other plates by 
Woolley are known to the writer; and the majority of 
the Washington portraits by Woolley now in the hands 
of American collectors were purchased in London. ‘They 
apparently had a very limited sale in this country. In an 
altered and reduced state the plate has been printed from 
in recent years. 


WORSHIP, | 

This name is signed to some rather poor line-engravy- 
ings of plans, machinery, etc., published in Philadelphia 
in 1815-20. 


WRIGHT, CHARLES CUSHING 
Born in Damascota, Me.; died in New York, June 11, 
1854. Wright was left an orphan at an early age and 
was adopted by a Charles Cushing, whose name he later 
296 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 


- assumed. After some service as a soldier in the War of 
1812, he settled in Utica, N. Y., and engaged in business 
as a watchmaker. In 1824 he was associated with A. B. 
Durand, in New York, in etching, engraving, and mak- 
ing dies for embossed work. Later he became an ad- 
mirable die-sinker, making the dies for a number of 
medals awarded by the National and by State govern- 
ments. He was one of the founders of the National 
Academy of Design in New York in 1826. He was liv- 
ing in Savannah in 1820, and was engraving in Charles- 
ton, S. C., in 1824. 

Wright attempted line-engraving without much suc- 
cess; his best work is found among his etched portraits. 


WRIGHT, G. 

This very good engraver of vignettes, buildings, etc., 
was working in Philadelphia in 1837. About this date 
the engraving firm of Wright & Balch was producing 
line portraits in New York. The Wright of this firm 
was probably the above. 


WRIGHT, JOSEPH 

Born in Bordentown, N. J., July 16, 1756; died of the 
yellow fever in Philadelphia in 1793. He was the son of 
Joseph and Patience Lovell Wright. About 1772, and 
after the death of the father, the mother took the children 
to London, where Patience Wright became somewhat 
famous as a modeler of heads in wax. She earned suffi- 
cient money to give Joseph a good education, and 
Dunlap says that he studied art under the patronage 
of Benjamin West and the tuition of John Hopp- 

297 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


ner, the English portrait-painter who married a sister 
of Joseph Wright. Before he left England, Wright 
had gained sufficient fame as a portrait-painter to 
have secured as a sitter the Prince of Wales, afterward 
George IV. 

In 1782 Wright was in Paris painting portraits under 
the patronage of Benjamin Franklin. In October, 1782, 
he set sail from Nantes for the United States; but he 
was shipwrecked, and finally reached Boston after a 
long voyage. Dunlap, who knew Wright personally, 
says that in October, 1783, he met Wright at Rocky | 
Hill, near Princeton, bringing a letter from Franklin to 
Washington. At this place Wright is said to have 
painted his first portrait of General Washington and 
one of Mrs. Washington. He afterward drew a profile — 
portrait of Washington and etched it. In 1784 he 
painted another portrait of Washington for the Comte 
de Solurs. 

In 1787 Wright had a studio in Pearl Street, New 
York, and in that city he married a Miss Vandervoort. 
He later removed to Philadelphia; he there painted por- 
traits, modeled in clay, and practised die-sinking. This 
latter accomplishment gained for him, shortly before 
his death, the appointment of die-sinker to the U. S. 
Mint. He made a design for a cent of 1792, though it 
is not known that this design was ever executed; but 
he made the dies for a Washington medal, after the 
Houdon bust, and for a medal voted by Congress to 
Maj jor Lee. 

His etching of Washington, shiouubti quite well ex- 
ecuted, is the only plate by Joseph Wright on record. 

298 


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 
WRIGHTSON, J. 


Born in England; came to the United States about 
1854. Wrightson was a reputable line-engraver of land- 
scape and book illustrations. He worked in Boston and 
in New York; but soon after 1860 he returned to Eng- 
land and died there in 1865. 


YEAGER, JOSEPH 

This general engraver in line and etcher of portraits 
was working in Philadelphia from 1816 until 1845. He 
closely copied Cruikshank’s etchings for American edi- 
tions of “Harry Lorrequer” and other English works. 


YOUNG, JAMES H. 

Young was in business as a “general engraver” in 
Philadelphia in 1817—29, 1883-36, and 1839-45. At 
times he was a member of the firms of Kneass & Young, 
and Young & Delleker, both in business in Philadelphia. 
The only plates found signed by Young alone are early 
encyclopedia plates in line. 


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NOTES AND QUERIES_ 


In searching early American newspapers for data used 
in this work, the writer has found a number of advertise- 
ments relating to well-known prints, or to prints not 
known by existing impressions. As these notes are 
curious and interesting to the collector, some of them 
are here republished. 


Arms of the Philadelphia Engravers 


In the account of the Grand Federal Procession held in Phila- 
delphia, July 4, 1'788, to celebrate the Declaration of Inde- 
pendence and the establishment of the Constitution, we find the 
following somewhat mixed heraldry : 


“LXXITI. Engravers. Their armorial ensigns, occasionally 
devised were—Orr on a chevron, engrailed gules, between a paral- 
lel ruler sable, barred and studded of the first, and two gravers, 
salter-ways azure, handled of the third; three plates: the crest, 
a copperplate on a sand-bag proper; inscribed underneath in 
large capitals— ENGRAVERS.” 

PENNSYLVANIA GAZETTE, July 9, 1788. 


Arnold’s Treason 


“Just published and to be Sold by Francis Bailey. The Con- 
tinental Almanac: Containing, besides everything necessary in 
an Almanac, a description of the Figures (the Devil and Gen- 


301 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


eral Arnold, &c.) exhibited and paraded through the streets of 
Philadelphia, on Saturday, the 30% of September, 1'780, illus- 
trated with a Plate neatly engraved.” 

PENNSYLVANIA GazeTTE, Nov. 1, 1780. 


Attack on Fort Sullivan 


“Just printed and published for the subscribers, by Daniel 
Humphreys. A Plan of the Attack of Fort Sullivan, the Key of 
Charleston, in South Carolina, on the 28th. day of June, 1776, 
by his Majesty’s squadron, commanded by Sir Peter Parker. By 
an Officer on the spot. Engraved from the original printed in 
London. Price One Dollar.” 


PENNSYLVANIA GAZETTE, June 11, 1777. 


Aitken’s View of the Batile of Charlestown 


“To the Public. Now engraving for the Pennsylvania Magazine 
or American Monthly Museum, a neat and correct View of the 
late Battle at Charlestown, not inferior to any hitherto pro- 
posed, and shall be printed in a size proper for the Magazine or 
a Family piece. Non subscribers are to pay for this Number of 
the Magazine One Shilling and Sixpence, on account of the great 
expense of the engraving; those Gentlemen who incline to pur- 
chase this View of the Battle may be furnished with it at the 
moderate price of Sixpence.” 
PENNSYLVANIA GAZETTE, Sept. 20, 1775. 


Romans’ View of the Battle of Charlestown 


“Ir is proposed to Print. An exact View of the late Battle of 
Charlestown, June 17, 1775. It shall be printed on a good 
crown imperial paper, and to be delivered to the subscribers in 


302 


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TIHOMAS GAMIBILIE IESQ@* 
late of the U.S.Navy 
| Engraved by J. B.Longacre trom a Painting by Waldo. 


; fir the Analeche Magarnine- 


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NOTES AND QUERIES 


about ten days. The price to subscribers is 5s. plain, and if 
coloured, 7s. 6d.” 


PENNSYLVANIA GAZETTE, Sept. 20, 1775. 


Dawkins View of the Pennsylvania Hospital 


“A Prospective View of the Pennsylvania Hospital, taken by 
Messieurs Winters and Montgomery, for the Subscriber (with 
the Approbation of the Managers of the said Hospital) which is 
now engraving and may be expected in two Weeks. 

“The Public may be assured that it will be finished in the neat- 
est Manner. The Subscriber presumes that this Undertaking 
will be highly favoured by all Lovers of the Institution. Those 
Gentlemen that would chuse to have them coloured, framed and 
glaized, are requested to send their Commands to the Subscriber, 
in Third-street, between Market and Arch Streets, and opposite 
Mr. J Bede Fox’s. 

“Robert Kennedy. 

“N. B. Poe Plate Printing performed in the neatest man- 
ner, and at the most reasonable Rates.” 

PENNSYLVANIA GAZETTE, Oct. 29, 1761. 


Tuts quarto plate was engraved by Henry Dawkins and John 
Steeper, and is described under Dawkins. 


Portraits of John Dickinson and John Wilkes 


‘“Latrety Published and Sold by Robert Bell. At James Emer- 
son’s, in Market street, near the river, and at John Hart’s New 
Vendue Store, in Southwark. Price one shilling. An elegant en- 
graved copper plate print of the Patriotic AMERICAN FARMER. 
The same framed and glaized. Price five shillings. Also lately 
published, price one shilling, a very fine engraved copper plate 


303 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


print of Jonn Wiuxes, Esquire, the Champion of Liberty. The 
same framed and glaized price Five Shillings.” 
SUPPLEMENT TO PENNSYLVANIA JouRNAL, Nov. 3, 1768. 


Tue portrait of John Dickinson, the “Patriotic American 
Farmer,” is ascribed to James Smither as engraver, and 1s de- 
scribed under that head. The portrait of Wilkes here referred to 
is unknown to the compiler; it may have been engraved also by 
Smither ; or it may be an imported print. : 


Proposals - Engrave—Battles of Hutaw S prings and 
The Cowpens 


“THE Fine Arts. ‘To the Citizens of the United States. Having 
employed a considerable part of my life in acquiring a knowl- 
edge of the fine arts, from the most celebrated and esteemed mas- 
ters in Europe, and being highly ambitious in transmitting to 
posterity, portraits of some of those illustrious characters, whose 
heroism contributed greatly to the establishment of the liberties 
of America; and also of some of those brilliant battles, which 
will forever be regarded as master pieces in the military art, 
. . . I propose engraving representations of the two very im- 
portant battles fought at—The Eutaw Springs & The Cow- 
pens. In the State of South Carolina. I have this day opened 
a subscription for publishing the above pieces, and if my under- 
taking shall recieve the patronage and support, which I flatter 
myself one so interesting to my countrymen may expect, I will 
be enabled to continue my plan of publishing other important 
scenes from our revolutionary war. That of the Eutaw Springs 
was painted by the much celebrated Stothard. The prints will 
be engraved in the line manner from two original pictures, and 
their size will be two feet one inch, by one foot six inches. The 
price for each print will be 15 dollars. In addition to the above 
prints, I propose engraving, as a centre piece—The Capture of 


304 


NOTES AND QUERIES 


Major Andre.—From Stothard. The price will be 8 dollars. The 
size will be 1 foot 2 inches, by 1 foot. 
‘James Aiken, of Charleston. 

**South Carolina. Powell street, 4 doors from perth Street, be- 
tween Spruce and Pine Streets. 

“Subscriptions for the above prints, or either of them, will be 
recieved by C. W. Peale, at his museum, and by C. Tiebout, en- 
graver, No. 29 Golden Hill street, New York, etc.” 

CLAYPOOLE’s ADVERTISER, Phila., June 17, 1797. 


Portrait of John Hancock 


“"T'H1s Day is Published and to be Sold by Nicholas Brooks. A 
Neat Mezzotinto Print of the Hon. John Hancock, Esq., Presi- 
dent of the Continental Congress. Price plain 3.9, or 5.9, ele- 
gantly coloured. 

“Likewise may be had at the above Place, a large exact View 
of the late Battle at Charlestown, elegantly coloured, at 7s. 6: 
or put in a double carved and gilt Frame, 20 by 16 inches, with 
Crown Glass at 8s. 6.” | 

PENNSYLVANIA GazETTE, Nov. 1, 1775. 


Tue John Hancock print is not recognized by the writer; but 
the last mentioned is evidently Romans’ “View of the Battle of 
Charlestown.” 


City and Fortress of Louisbourg 


“A Puan of the City and Fortress of Louisbourg; with a small 
plan of the Harbor: Done in Mezzotinto—from the Original 
Drawing of Richard Gridley, Esq. Commander of the Train of 
Artillery at the Siege of Louisbourg. Sold by J. Smibert, in 
Queen Street, Boston.” 

New Yorx WEEkty Post Boy, Oct. 6, 1746. 


305 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


THovex not seen by the writer, this plate was probably en- 
graved by Peter Pelham. . 


H. Gaine’s Plan of New York 


THE New York Mercury, Feb. 12, 1770, advertises as follows: 
“Just published and Sold by H. Gaine A Plan of the City of 
New York, Dedicated to Sir Henry Moore, Bart. Price 16s col- 
oured, 8s. plain.” This plan is printed on imperial paper and 
“the streets are laid down very exact. The whole carried con- 
siderably further than Corlear’s Hook.” 

The “Mercury” for Oct. 15, 1770, advertises either this 
or another plan as follows: “Sold by H. Gaine, A Plan of the 
City of New York and its Invirons. Surveyed and laid down in 
the years 1166-67, With a South Prospect of the same taken 
from the Governor’s Island. In this plan is taken in. Pawle’s 
Hook, Red Hook, the Long Island Shore and the Islands in our 
Bay.” 


Plan of New York of 1756 


“To be sold by G. Duyckinck, The Plan of the City of New 
York, showing the several Wards, Streets, Lanes and Allies; 
Churches, Meeting Houses, Markets, etc., in the present year. 
Done from an actual Survey.” 

New Yorx Gazerre, March 3, 1'755. 


De Bruls’ Views of New York 


“Philadelphia, October 28, 1762. 
“Proposats. For publishing by Susscriprion. Two different 
Water Views, and two different Land Views, of the flourishing 


306 


JOHN B. NEAG 


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Pamted by W Mulready RA Engraved by J.B Neagle. 


TRIE WOLF & TIES ILADIB. 


Published by T T. Ash Philad* 


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NOTES AND QUERIES 


City of New York. The Editor and Engraver has taken great 
Pains, and been very exact in laying down these Four beautiful 
Prospects, with which the City presents itself to the Eye of 
every judicious Beholder. He hopes to meet with Encouragement 
from all Gentlemen and Ladies, &c. especially, as nothing of this 
kind ever has been undertaken before by any Body in this Part 
of the World. 


“CONDITIONS OF SUBSCRIPTION 


“1. These above-mentioned Four different Views, with the re- 
spective References in English, High Dutch and Low Dutch, 
will be curiously engraved on a Copper Plate 21 by 12 Inches 
each, and printed on best large Paper. 

“2. A Plan of the Streets of this City, with their respective 
Names, will also be neatly engraved on another Copper Plate, 
and printed on best large Paper. 


“Subscriptions are taken in by Mr. Matthew Clarkson, Mr. 
William Dunlap, Mr. William Bradford, and David Hall, in 
Philadelphia, and by Michael De Bruls., Publisher and Engraver 
of the above Plates, at the lower End of New Street, next door 
to Col. Thodey’s, in New York. 
‘“Michael De Bruls.” 
PENNSYLVANIA GAzETTE, Nov. 11, 1762. 


James Turner's Map of Nova Scotia, etc. 


“Philadelphia, October 10, 1759. 
“To-morrow will be published by JAMES TURNER, En- 
graver. Two doors above the Sign of Admiral Boscawen, in 
Arch-Street. Handsomely embellished, and printed on the best 
Paper. The second Edition (with very large Additions, Cor- 
rections and Improvements) of A Map of Nova-Scotia and Parts 
adjacent ; wherein is (now) accurately described, Part of New- 
England (from Boston Northeastward) Nova-Scotia, its true 


307 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


Extent, Boundaries, and Fishing Banks; the Islands of Cape 
Breton, St. Johns, Antiosti, and New Foundland; the great 
River of Canada, or St. Lawrence, with Orleans, Crudre, and the 
other Islands that lie in it. Showing also, all the various Com- 
munications, by Means of the River Ristigochi, St. John’s, 
Penobscot, Kenebeck, Chaudiere etc. between Quebec, and other 
Places situate on St. Lawrence River, on the North across the 
lands, with the Gulf of St. Lawrence on the East, the Bay of 
Fundy and Atlantic Ocean on the South, The English Forts and 
Settlements, and the Seats of the (pretended Neutral) French 
Inhabitants in Nova Scotia; with every thing else worthy of 
Notice, or that may serve to give a true Idea of the Situation, 
and connection of the several parts of that Country, and of the 
Advances and Operations, of his Majesty’s Troops that have 
been, or now are imployed in those Parts. 

“Also in a vacant Part of the Plate are inserted the followmg 
(more particular) Draughts of the principal Places, that are 
situate within the Bounds of this Map, viz. Ist. The Situation of 
Halifax. Draught of Chebucto Harbour, &c. 2d. A Plan of the 
Town of Halifax. 3d. A Plan of Quebec. 4th. A Plan of the 
Post and Fortress of Louisbourg, with the English Work raised 
against itin 1745. 5th. a neat View of the Town of Boston. 


“pRICE HALF A DOLLAR. 


“Notre. The Western Part of this Map contains the same 
Places that are contained in the Eastern part of A general Map 
of the Middle British Colonies, published by the late ingenious 
and accurate Mr. Lewis Evans, and as this Map begins with the 
Eastern Limits of that, and proceeds Eastward from it, as far 
as to include the Streights of Bell Isle, it may serve as a supple- 
ment thereto; and those two Maps together afford an entire 
View of all the Places on this Continent, that have been, or now 
are the Objects, or Scenes of any military Operations. Mr. 
Evans Map may be had at the same Place. 

“Said Turner continues the Engraving Business, in all its 


308 


NOTES AND QUERIES 


Branches, on Metals, where Gentlemen may be served with 
Work, according to their different Fancies or Occasions, either 
in the neatest or cheapest Manner.” 

THE PENNSYLVANIA JOURNAL, Oct. 11, 1759. 


Heap’s Prospect of Philadelphia 


“Just published and to be sold by Garret Noel, Bookseller in 
Dock Street, A large and curious Plan of the City of Philadel- 
phia, taken by George Heap from the Jersey Shore, under the 
Direction of Nicholas Skull, Surveyor General of the Province of 
Pennsylvania. This fine Perspective contains Four Sheets on 
Imperial Paper. Price Three Dollars in Sheets.” 

New York Gazette, March 17, 1755. 


St. Memin Portraits 


“PHysioGNoTRACE. Likenesses Engraved. 'The subscriber begs 
leave to inform the public that he takes and engraves portraits 
on an improved plan of the celebrated Physiognotrace of Paris 
and in a style never introduced before in this country. A great 
number of portraits of destinguished persons who honoured the 
artist with their patronage in New York, may be seen at 5. 
Chaudron’s . . . or at the subscriber No. 32, south Third street. 
He delivers with the original portrait the plate engraved and 
twelve copies of the same. “St. Memin. 
“Philadelphia, January 8.” 
Cuaypoote’s ADVERTISER, Phila., Jan. 8, 1799. 


Savage’s David Rittenhouse 


“Ay No. 41 Chestnut St. J. Ormerd, may be had, just pub- 
lished, a striking likeness of Dr. Rittenhouse, in mezzotinto, 


309 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 
painted by Mr. Peale, and engraved by Mr. Savage. Price 31% 


dollars.”? 
CLAYPooLe’s AMERICAN Datry ADVERTISER, 


Phila., Jan. 4, 1797. 


Eckstein’s Monument to General Washington 


“Proposats. For Publishing by Subscription An Engraving 
Representing a Monument of General Washington. By John 
Kckstem. Formerly historical paiter and Statuary to the 
King of Prussia. 


“DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATE: 


“GENERAL WASHINGTON is represented in a statue, intended to 
imitate white statue marble, standing upon a granite pedestal, 
in a commanding attitude, with a truncheon in his right hand. 
At his feet are the fasces, entwined with the olive branch, em- 
blematical of the power of union, through which peace was 
achieved after the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown, the oc- 
currences of which are seen in the background. The port block- 
aded by the French fleet, the redoubt charged, and the British 
army surrendering. Upon the tables are inscribed the words— 
‘first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his country- 
men.’ 

“Size of the plate 19 inches by 26 inches. The subscription 
for the engraving in the sheet is six dollars, payable upon de- 
livery.” 

Pouuson’s ADVERTISER, Phila., Feb. 19, 1806. 


Tuts print was actually published March 8, 1806. 


G. Washington—by C. W. Peale 


“A Mezzorinro Print of His Excellency General Washington, 
done by Charles Wilson Peale, of Philadelphia, from a portrait 


310 


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bal $a, F tae 


i : | 1801-1885 


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Pontedhy Buller & Long 


NOTES AND QUERIES 


which he has painted since the sitting of the Convention, is now 
completed: the likeness is esteemed the best that has been ex- 
ecuted in a print: This is one of an intended series of. prints, to 
be taken from Mr. Peale’s collection of illustrious persons, destin- 
guished in the late revolution. Those of His Excellency Doctor 
Franklin and the Honorable the Marquis de la Fayette, have 
been already published. The price of these prints, in a neat oval 
frame (the inner frame gilt) is two dollars each; or one dollar 
for the print only; and a large allowance will be made to those 
who purchase to sell again. Apply to Charles W. Peale, at the 
corner of Third and Lombard-streets, Philadelphia.” 
PENNSYLVANIA GAZETTE, Sept. 26, 1787. 


“Or His Excellency George Washington, Esq: A new Impres- 
sion in Metzotinto; From the original Picture belonging to the 
State of Pennsylvania: Poster size, i.e. 14 Inches by 10 Inches, 
exclusive of the Margin; Price Two Dollars, or the Value thereof 
in current Money; or Six Pounds per Dozen to Shop-Keepers, 
or Persons going abroad. . Any Persons wanting the said Prints 
will apply to Charles W. Peale, At the Corner of Third ard 
Lombard-streets.”’ 


PENNSYLVANIA GaAzETTE, Jan. 3, 1781. 


Washington Family—Savage 


“Pyrtapetputa, March 19. An elegant Engraving, 20 by 26 
inches, executed by Savage from an original picture, painted by 
himself, is just published. The Print represents General Wash- 
ington and his Lady (two capital likenesses), sitting at a table 
on which lies a plan of the Federal City. A perspective view of 
the river Potomac and of Mount Vernon, forms an agreeable and 
appropriate embellishment in the picture. The whole is executed 


311 


AMERICAN ENGRAVERS 


in a style evincive of the rapid progress of an elegant art, which 
has hitherto been in a very crude state in this country.” 
PENNSYLVANIA GaAzETTE, Phila., March 21, 1798. 


George and Mrs. Washington 


““New American Publications may be had at Robert Bell’s Book 
Store, Third-street; at Joseph Cruikshank’s, Francis Bailey’s, 
Printers, and at William Prichard’s Book-store, etc. 

“Beautiful Engravings of that most illustrious General and 
Patriot, his Excellency George Washington, Esq. and Com- 
mander in Chief of the Armies of the United States of America, 
and his Lady ; may be had at the above Places.” 

PENNSYLVANIA GAzeTTE, May 14, 1783. 


Sia Representations of Warriors 


“Tis day are published Proposals for printing by Subscription 
—The Gentlemen and Ladies Military Closet Furniture, con- 
sisting of six Representations of Warriors, who are in the Ser- 
vice of their Majesties the King of Great Britain and the King 
of Prussia, Designed after the Life with a Description as ex- 
pressed in the Proposals, which may be had gratis at the follow- 
ing places; where subscriptions are taken by Alexander Colden, 
Esq., at the Post Office; Mr. Samuel Parker, in Beaver St.; Mr. 
Joseph Woodruff,-Limner in Dock St.; Mr. Michel de Bruls, 
Engraver, at Mr. Furer, Silver Smith in French Church Street ; 
Mr. Elisha Galludet (sic) Engraver in South St.; Hugh Gaine, 
Printer, etc., . . . and at Mr. Winter in Broad Street where 
the Prints may be seen.” 
New Yorx Mercury, March 5, 1759. 


Wuo were these “Warriors” and were they engraved by de 
Bruls or Gallaudet? The “Mercury” of July 30, 1'759, says 


312 


=e 2 mh eo 
oe ee ens * al 4 


; mo, 
at th oe oa 
i A i her : 4. 
. 7) F9- NaM Bs Se reas paotuted 
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or 3) ee 
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: 


i , i} 
\ i , 
| HON. CHARLES CHAU} 

. ss ENGRAVED BY 

3 | JOHN SARTAIN 
1808-1897 
| | 
a5 ? ws i. 
; \ 


Funied by T Suc'y 


NOTES AND QUERIES 


that ‘‘five of the above plates are finished and the sixth is ac- 
tually engraving.” The publisher was apparently an army of- 
ficer; the last notice is dated at Fort Stanwix; and ithe notice 
states that “Urgency of the Service requires the Editor of the | 
above Prints to be at his Station.” 


313 


Wat 
wy NO 


= i 

ba ba 
* 

yy oa 


: caf 


weed 


INDEX 


TO 


ENGRAVINGS DESCRIBED 


WITH CHECK-LIST NUMBERS AND 
NAMES OF ENGRAVERS 
AND ARTISTS 


ITEM 


Abba Thulle . 
Abbotsford . 
Abel, Death of 


Abelard and Heloise—Tomb . 


Abercrombie, James . 
Abercrombie, Ralph . 
Abercrombie Monument 
Abington, Mrs. . 

Able Doctor, The . 
Adam and Eve . 

Adam Giving Names . 
Adams, Abigail 

Adams, John 


Adams, John Quincy . 


INDEX 


ARTIST 


(Title-page) . 


Fellowes 
Trott 


Westmacott 
Ramberg . 


Hamilton . 


Blythe . 


Stuart . 
Williams 
Houston 


Stuart . 


Gimbrede . 


King 
317 


ENGRAVER 


Wightman 
Chapin 
Edwin 
Hill 
Edwin 
Edwin 
Tanner 
Leney 
Revere 
Newcomb 
Godwin . 
Pelton 
Bower 
Dearborn 
Doolittle 
Edwin 
Gimbrede 
Graham . 
Houston . 
Houston . 
Leney 
Longacre 
Norman . 
Pelton 
Rawdon 
Savage 
Scoles 
Smither . 
Tanner 
Tiebout 
Willard . 
Woodruff 
Dearborn 


Edwin (?) . 


Gimbrede 
Harrison 
Kearny 


CHECK LIST 
NUMBERS 


. 3353 
310 

922 

. 1353 
691 

. 692 

. 3116 

. 1705 

. 2673 

. 2326 
«ARID 

» Q4TT 
235 
ATI 
508-9 

. 695, 855 
. 1031 

- 1160 

. 1453 
1454-55 
- 1706 
1916-19 
. 2327 

. 2530 

. 2637 

~ 2744 


. 2768, 2813 


« O71 
. 3080 
. 3161 
. 3366 


. 3401, 3406 


472 
. 855 
. 1032 
- 1285 
. 1565 


INDEX 


ITEM ARTIST 
Adams, John Quincy .. . Stuart . 
King 
Durand 
Sully 
Adams,Samuel ... . . Copley . 
Johnston 
Copley . 
Mitchell 
Addison, Joseph 
Kneller . 
Kneller . 
fsop’s Fables . 


Agdelotte, B. P. 
Agricultural Soc., Phila. 
Agriculture, Soc. for Promoting 


Akenside, Mark 

Alaman, Lucus . 

Albany Dutch Church Se he eae 
Hooker 

Albany, Lancaster School . . Hooker 

Albion,Lossofthe .. . . Birch 


Alexander I— Russia 


St. Aubin . 


Svinin . 


Algiers 

Algiers, U.S. Senndect ate 

Alhambra, The . 

Ali Bey El Abbassi 

Allegorical Scene . ‘ua eae es 
Allen, Benjamin ... . . Brewster . 
Allen, Richard . . .. . . Peale 
Allen,Solomon. .. . . . Ames 
Allen, William Henry 

Alps, The . ; 


318 


CHECK LIST 
ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
Longacre . . . 1920-22 
Moore > «. shee eee 
Paradise . sss eee 
W.D.Smith . . . . 2942 
Durand . . a ae 


Goodman § Piggot . . 1196 
Graham. . . +» ANGE 


Harris. “i eee 
Longacre .* 0. @-eigas 
Norman . . .-. « « 93% 
Okey. 05.) Oa ee 
Revere (oy ee ree 
Willard 5 6.) OP PT 
Boyd . se" oe sae 


Edwin... . 693-694 
Ellie... .0< Pee ee 


Kelly 0. ee 
Longacre ... . . 1980 
W.D.Smith . . . . 2943 
Normaw,.- . “250, He gSas 
Longacre .. . . . 1994 
Anderson .-. So, eat 
Rawdon . 3. seo eae 
Pekenino .... »« 9481 
LOw30n 6 4 a a 
Scoles. '.* « 2 ae 
Siyder ,. 4s in Sales 


Willard-Rawdon . . . 3397 
Tiebout. 3.5 2 2 eee 


Doolittle. os Yin eee 
Edwina... 5. ee eee 
Edw | is Se see 
Edwin. >... eee 
Gobrecht «>. . s  EROT 
Longacre ... . » 1995 
Scoles >. “a2 we 5) eee 
Jocelyn 2° 6. as yee 
Seymour. . . . 2886 


Goodman & Pine . 1125 
Revere ... coe 2696 
Edwin (ew Oy eee 
Boyd o's se ee eee 
Tanner-Jones . . 1507, 3081 
Edwin.) . Se eee 


Plocher . .. . » « 2645 


ITEM 
Alston, Washington 
Alvarado, Pedro de 
America 
America, AS ale 


America in Distress 


America Guided by Wisdom . 


American Landscape 
American Locust . 
American and Foreign Coin 
American Colonization Soc. 
American Musical Mag. 
Americus Vespucius . 
Ames, Fisher 


Amelia . 

Amicable Fire Ba. 
Anacreon . 
Anatomy . ‘ 
Anatomical Figure 


Ancient Musical Instruments . 


Andalusia, Pa. . 
André, John . 


Andrews, John . 

Angel and Child 

Angelo, Mr. .~. ’ 
Anglesey, Marquis of 
Ankarstrom, J. . 

Anne, Queen of England 


Annunciation, The 
Antossee, Battle of 
Apollinopolis, Temple of 
Apollo . 

Apologies for Rippling: 
Appleton, Jesse : 
Aqueduct Bridge, Evora 


Archipelago, U.S. Sloop . . 


Argyle, Duke of 


INDEX 


ARTIST 
Johnston . 


Barralet 


Barralet 
Durand. 


Stuart . 
Stuart . 
Stuart . 
Stuart . 
Stuart . 
Stuart . 


Bell . 
Birch 


Sully 


De Wilde . 


(Caricature) . 


Penniman . 
Bennett 


319 


ENGRAVER 


Johnston 
Lawson 
Doolittle . 
Edwin 
Harris 
Revere 


Tanner & Co. 


Smillie 
Doolittle 
Reed . 
Stone . 
Doolittle 
Fairman . 
Boyd . 
Edwin 
Gimbrede 
Kelly . 
Leney . 
Pru@Vhomme 


Trenchard . 


Callender 
Edwin 
Edwin 
Anderson 
Edwin 
Steel 
Pelton 
Scoles 
Edwin 
Graham . 


. Leney . 


Scoles . 
Tiebout 
Boyd . 
DLeney . 
Maverick. 
Tiebout . 
ox; Webbe 
Scoles. 
Durand . 
Charles . 
Chorley 
Tanner 
Bennett . 
Scoles 


CHECK LIST 
NUMBERS 


- 1484 
. 1679 
522 

- 925 
~ 1277 
. 2674 
. S115 
672 

- 523 
. 2661 
. 3039 
524 
993 

- 245 
702-4 
- 1033 
. 1593 
. 1107 
. 2556 
. 3302 
288 
705 
941 
66 

. 934 
. 3038 
. 2478 
. 2769 
. 706 
. 1175 
. 1708 
. 2820 
- 3163 
. 246 
- L709 
. 2181 
. 3236 
- 285 
. 2850 
552 
336 

. 383 
. S117 
. 145 
. 2821 


ITEM 


Ariadne ; 
Ariosto, Ludovico . 
Arlington, Earl of 
Arminius, James 
Arms of Christian 
Arnold, Benedict . 
Asbury, Francis 


Ashman, Jehudi 
ATRERS 6: Gal ls 
Athens, Ruins of 
Atterbury, Francis 
Auchmuty, Samuel 
Averill, Chester 


Backus, Azel 


Bacon, Sir Francis 
Bailey, Robert . 


Bainbridge, William . 


Bainbridge’s Return . 
Bainbridge’s Squadron . 


Baker, Mr. 

Baker, Rachel 
Baker, Rachel 
Bakers’ Falls, N. Y. 
Balbec « is 6 


Balboa, Vasco Nunez de 


Baldwin, Thomas . 


Ball, William 
Ballou, Hosea 


Balston Springs, N. Y. 
Baltimore, George Calvert Ld. 


Baltimore,Md.. . 


Baltimore Battle Monument . 
Baltimore Court House . 


INDEX 


ARTIST 
Vanderlyn 


Lely . 

Paradise 
Paradise 
Jocelyn. 


Doughty 
Metz. 


Sexton . 
Wood 


Holbein 


Du Simitiere . 


ENGRAVER 


Durand . 
Fairman . 
Haines 
Paradise . 
Tiebout 
G.G. Smith . 
Annin & Smith 
Gimbrede 
Tanner 
Jocelyn . 
Lang . 
Kelly . 
Maverick 
Edwin. 
Pru@homme 


Longacre . 
Annin & Smith 
Haines 
Martin. 


. Delleker . 


Jarvis . 
Stuart . 
Jarvis . 
Williams . 
Corne 
Fanning 


Lovett . 
Jarvis 


Doyle 
Doyle . 
Strickland 
Goodrich . 
Leseur . 


Doughty 
Godefroy . 
Godefroy. . 


320 


. Durand 


Edwin 
Lewis . 
Maverick 
Reed & Stiles 
J.R. Smith . 
Leney . 
G.G. Smith . 
Hill 
Gimbrede 
Hamlin 
Hill. 
Shallus 
Longacre 
Gobrecht 
Hoogland 
Kneass 
Bowen 

Hag ea 
Edwin 
Bennett . 
Steel . 
Tanner 
Cone . 


ITEM 
Baltimore Independent Church 
Baltimore Marine Society . 
Bangs, Nathan . 

Banks, Thomas . 
Baptism of Christ 
Baptismal Scene 
Barbould, Anna L. 
Barclay, Miss 
Bard, John 

Bard, Samuel 
Barlow, Joel 


Barnes, John 
Barnes, Mary G. 
Barney, Joshua 
Baron, George . 
Barron, James . 
Barry, John . 


Barry, William T. . 


Barrymore, Earlof . 
Barton, Benjamin Smith 


Bascom, Henry B. 
Bass Isle . 

Basso Relievo 
Bastile, The . 


Bateman, James 
BattleScene. 
Bayard, James A. . 
Bayard, John 
Baxter, Richard 


Beach,W. . 
Beattie, James . 


' Beck, Theodoric R. 
Bedell, Gregory T. 


INDEX 


ARTIST 


Godefroy . 
Paradise 
Northcote . 
Barralet 
Smith 

De Wilde . 
Sharpless . 


Vanderlyn 
Le Barbier 


Fulton . 
Neagle . 
Neagle . 
Wood 
Howell . 
Neagle . 
Stuart . 
Stuart . 
King 
Longacre . 
De Wilde . 


Haines . 
Otis . 
Neagle . 


Wertmiiller . 


e 


Weir. e e e 
Lawrence. . 


321 


Paradise .. 


CHECK LIST 

ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
Tanner & Co. . 3129 
Houlton . . 1452 
Durand . 554 
Leney . 1710 
Tiebout . . 3237 
Hill. . 1393 
Ellis . . 916 
Leney . 1711 
Leney . 1712 
Main . . 2160 
Anderson 45 
Edwin 710 
Durand . 655 
Tisdale . 3250 
Durand 556 
Durand 557 
Childs 340 
Anderson eo OF 
Steel . 3000 
Edwin 711 
Longacre . 1928 
Longacre . 1930 
Longacre . 1929 
Leney «1718 
Gobrecht . - 1109 
Haines - 1190 
Otis - 2379 
Longacre . 1931 
Seymour . 2889 
Edwin 935 
Clarke “411 
Tiebout . 3201 
Longacre - 1932 
Middleton . . . . « 2274 
Goodman & Piggot . . 1127 
Edwin ely aude eee 
Edwin . 952 
Paradise. . . . - » 2387 
Snyder . 2995 
Paradise. . . 2388 
Edwin 1 12 
Longacre . 2135 
Pekenino - » 2432 
Prudhomme wot ed eOoe 


Humphrys... .- «» 1469 


ITEM 


Bedell, Gregory T. 


Bedford, Duke of 
Belknap, Jeremy . 
Belisarius F 
Belmont, Pa. 
Belvedere House . 
Bennett, George 
Benson, Joseph 
Beranger, Pierre J. . 
Bergen, Ne yy. ee 
Berkshire Medical Inst. 
Bernadotte, Gen. . 


Bernard, John . 


Berridge, John 


Berrien, John McPherson . 


Berthier, Canada . 
Berthier, Louis Alexander 
Bethlehem, Pa. 


Betty, Wm. H. West . 
Between Two Stools 
Between the Logs 
Bichat, M. F. X. 
Biddle, James : 
Biddle, Capt. Nicholas 
Biddle, Nicholas, Esq. 
Bill-head, Brackett 


Bill-head, Cromwell’s Tavern . 


Bird Catching in Orkney 
Bishop, Robert H. 
Black, Joseph 
Blackburn, Gideon 
Blackmore, Richard . 
Blackstone, William . 


Blair, Hugh . 


INDEX 


ARTIST 


Neagle . 


Neagle . 


Jackson 


Longacre .. 
Birch . 
(Caricature) . 
Paradise 


Choquet 
Wood 


Peale 
Jarvis 
Raeburn 


322 


ENGRAVER 


Longacre 
Longacre 


. Steel 


Haines 
Harris 


. Gavin. 


Birch . 


. Scoles 


Pelton 
Gimbrede 
Yeager 
Scoles 


. Amnin & Smith 


Schwartz 


. Tanner & Co. . 
. Edwin 
. Harris 


Bowen 


. Longacre 
Robertson _ . 


Maverick 
Tanner & Co. 


. Hill 


Strickland . 
Leney . 
Charles 

W. D. Smith 
Annin & Smith 
Gimbrede 
Edwin 


Longacre-Welch . 


Revere 
Callender 
Fill 
Longacre 
Kneass 
Maverick 
Hdwin 
Edwin 
Hill ~ 
Scoles 
Durand . 
Kelly ... 
Mawerick 
Scoles 
Tiebout 
Vallance 


CHECK LIST 
NUMBERS 


. 1934 
. 1935 
. 3001 
. 1191 
. 1266 
. 1027 
. 191 
. 2894 
. 2479 
. 1036 
. 3419 
. 2895 
. 108 
. 2765 
. 3114 
18 
. 1267 
. ii 
. 1937 
. 2236 
. 3113 
. 1388 
. . 3053 
1714-15 
. 339 
. 2944 


sowie We 
1037-38 , 


- 714 
. 1938 
. 2698 
- 292 
. 1389 
. 1939 


. 1646 © 


. 2184 

715 
- 716 
. 1362 
. 2770 


558 © 


159495 
. . 2185 
2771 
. 3164 
. 3339 


™ 


ITEM 


Blair, John D. 
Blakely, Johnston . 
Blanchard, Mrs. 
Bland, Mrs. 


Bleecker, Ann Eliza . 


Bligh, William . 
Blisset, Francis 
Bloomfield, Joseph 
Blucher, Gen. 


Blunt, Edmund M. 
Boats on Mohawk . 


Boerhaave, Herman . 


Boleyn, Anne 


Bolinbroke, Lord . 
Bolivar, Simon . 


Bolles, Lucius 
Bolling Dam, Va. . 


Bonaparte in Trouble 
Bonaparte, Josephine 
Bones, ete., from Ohio 


Bonnet, Charles 


Book-plate, Laleytecaat 


INDEX 


ARTIST 


e Thompson. 


De Wilde . 
De Wilde . 


Leslie 


(Caricature) . 


Loss. 
Stothard . 
Holbein 


Edwards 
Shaw. 


(Caricature) . 


Book-plate, Farmington Pibrery 


Book-plate, N. Y. Society . 


Boone, Daniel 


Booth, Junius Brutus . 


Bordentown, N. J. 


Boston, Mass. 
View of 


Plan of 


Harding 
Neagle . 
Bridport 
Fraser . 
Hill . 


Johnston . 


323 


CHECK LIST 

ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
Martin . 2178 
Gimbrede . 1039 
Leney TTS 
Leney ~ 117 
Tiebout . . 3165 
Houston . 1456 
Edwin . 86 
Gridley . 1178 
Rollinson . 2722 
Tanner & Co. . 3114 
Akin . 20 ae ba 

. Maverick . 2237 
. Gimbrede - 1040 
Kelly . - 1596 
Cook . - 430 
Scoles « 2472 
Childs . SA4l 
Longacre . 1940 
Maverick . 2186 
Pekenino . 2433, 2439 
Pelton . 2480 
Hill . 1343 
Doolittie 530 
Edwin . (94 
Trenchard . . 3284 
Edwin 17 
Godwin . . 1120 
Bull . 283 
Gallaudet . 1026 
Longacre . 1941 
Ellis 964, 

- Drayton . . . 542 
‘ Goodman & Pivebe Mar ae 2 F 
. Steel . . . 3038 
. Bennett . 125 
. Childs . 855 
. Hill . 1390 
. Revere 2677 —78 
. NScoles . 2826 
. Steel . . 3021 
Trenchard . . 3285 
Turner . 3330 

. Bowen . 220-23 
Callender 297 
Dewing 483 


ITEM 
Pink Of. G0... Bee 


Almshouse 

Arch at : 
Bank—U. S. Beane * 
Beacon Hill Monument . 
Brick Meeting 

Castle William . 


Charles River Bridge . 


Coffee House 
Common, The 


Court House . 
Faneuil Hall 

Faneuil Hall Market . 
Hancock House 
Harbor, Plan of 
Hollis St. Church . 
Lighthouse 


North Battery . 

Ships Landing ee a i 
State House . : 
Third Baptist ey 


Boston and Provincial Camp . 


Boston Marine Society . 
Boston Massacre . : 
Boston, Wreck of Ship . 
Boudinot, Elias 


Bouquet, Col., and Indians 
Bourgeois, Sir Francis . 
Bowdoin, James 


Bowditch, Nathaniel . 


Pierpont 
Hill . 
Bulfinch 


Edes 


(Certificate) 


Sully 


ENGRAVER 


. Hill 


Johnston 
Norman . 
G4. G. Smith 


Trenchard . 


Vallance 


- Wightman . 


Yeager 
Bowen 


. Hill 

. Bowen 
- Tanner 
. Kidder 
. Hill 

. Revere 
. Scoles 
. Hill 

. Scoles 
. Wightman . 
. Hill 

. Kidder 
. Kidder 
. Hill 

. Bowen 
. Hill 

. Lownes 


Vallance 


. Burgis 
. Hill 

. Revere 
. Revere 
. Hill 

. Kidder 
. Aitken 


Callender 


. Revere 
. Porter 
. Boyd . 


Waldo & Jewett Durand . 
Waldo & Jewett Paradise 


B. West 
Northcote . 


Stuart . 
Stuart . 
324 


. Revere 
. Leney 
. Hill 

J.R.Smith . 


Pelton 


co 
© 
fos) 


ITEM 


Bradford, William 
Brainard, J.G.C. . 


Brainerd, Thomas 
Braithwaite, Anna 


Branch, John 


Brazilian Indians . 
Breadfruit, The 


Breck, Samuel— Residence 


Breed’s Hill, Mass. 


Breed’s Hill, Action at . 


Bremer, Fredrika . 
Brice, Andrew . 


Brissot, J. P. 


British Drama . 


Broadhead’s Creek, Pa. . 
Brockwell, Charles 


Brooks, John 


Brooks, Nathan C. 
Brother Jonathan’s Soliloqu 
Brougham, Henry 


Brown, Clark . 


Brown, Jacob 


Brown, Tipping 
Browne, Thomas 
Bruce, Archibald . 


Bruen, M. . 


Brunson, Alfred . ‘ 
Bryant, William Cullen. 
Buckminster, Joseph S.. . 
Buckminster, J. , 

Budgell, Eustace . 
Buell, Samuel . 
Buffalo,N.Y. . . 
Building the Ark . 
Bunker Hill Battle 


INDEX 


ARTIST ENGRAVER 
“pe ose», Mdm 
Tisdale. . . Longacre 
J.R.Smith . J.R.Smith . 
Dunlap . - Durand . 
Longacre: . Longacre 
Peale . . . Longacre 
: . Reiche 
gutters . Strickland . 
Birch . Steel . 
Johnston . Steel . 
(Plan) . . Martin 
Sodermark . Prud’homme 
. Leney 
oo et ee tae COME 
(Title-page) . Longacre 
Hoffman . . Scoles 
Pelham. . . Pelham . 
Frothingham Chorley . 
Stuart . . Durand . 
Miller . Horton 
(Caricature) . Kensett . . 
. Pru@homme 
Willard . 
eae: . Stone . 
Jarvis . . . Durand . 
Wood .. . Gimbrede 
Jarvis . Maverick 
. ‘ . Tanner & Co. 
Hoquier . Leney . 
eel Bie . Scoles 
Brown . . Hoogland 
Arlaud . . Longacre 
Shaffer . . Paradise 
Paper er" . Durand . 
Stuart . Edwin 
. ° . Kelly . 
Fermin. . . Leney 
Reed .. . Reed. 
- Bennett . 
- Weston . 
. Annin & Smith 
Meer war eerceremryae: 
Trumbull . . Norman . 
ew a sce w SROMaNENS 
De Berniere . G.G. Smith 


325 


CHECK LIST 
NUMBERS 


oi th6 

. 1942 

. 2918 

- 660 

. 1943 

- 1944 

- 2664 

. 3070 

. 3038 

- 3022 

- 2174 

- 2559 

- 1719 

. . 2773 
2151-52 
- 2827 

. 2460 

. 384 


. . 2359 
2731-32 
. . 9910 


ITEM 
Bunyan, John 


Burder, George 
Burgomaster, The 
Burgoyne, Capture of 
Burgoyne’s Defeat 


Buried with Him by Baptism 


Burke, Edmund 


Burke, Mr. . . 
Burkitt, William . 
Burns, Robert . 


Burns’ Works 

Burnside, A. FE. 

Burr, Aaron . aut 
Burr, Aaron— Residence 
Burrow, Dr. . 

Bush Hill, Pa. . 


Bushong’s Tavern, Pa. . 
Business Card, Ashton’s 
Danvers & 


Beverly . 


S. Emery 
Greenwood 
W. Hamlin 


Harbeson . 


Humphrys 
A. March 


INDEX 


ARTIST 


Fountain . 
Derby . 
(Plan) «<4 
(Plan) . 
Wood 
Nasmyth 
Nasmyth 


Nasmyth 


(Title-page) . 


Hoffman 


» Dighton 


326 


ENGRAVER 


. Anderson 


Chapin 
Hamm 
Longacre 


. Maverick 
. Paradise 


W.D. Smith 
Tanner 


- Hamm 


Okey . 


. Maverick 

. Martin 

. Fairman 

. Revere 

. EKdwin 

. Pru@homme 
. Steel 


Tanner 


. Childs 


Edwin 


. Hillis 

. Haines 

. Lawson . 
. Maverick 
. Pekenino 
. Scot 


W.D. Smith 
Throop 
Tiebout 
Harrison 
Pelton 
Gridley 
Tiebout 


. Martin 
. Malcom . 
. Tiebout 


Trenchard . 


. Sparrow . 


Callender 
Callender 


. Revere 

. Hamlin . 

. Dawkins . 

. Humphrys . 


Akin . 


CHECK LIST 
NUMBERS 


. 68 
. 304 
. 1254 
. 1946 
. 2188 
. 2391 
. 2945 
. 3083 
. 1255 
. 2374 
. 2269 
. 2176 
«+ 999 
»~ jageegh 
. 720-21 
. 2619 
. 3002 
. 3084 
343 
722 
965 

. 1193 
. 1680 
. 2189 
. 2435 
. 2855 
. 2946 
. 3158 
. 3166 
. 1310 
. 2482 
. 1179 
. 3202 
. 2173 
. 2167 
. 3203 
. 3283 
. 2999 


291 

. 290 
. 2699 
1250-52 
. 463 
. 1473 
29 


ITEM 


Bute, Lord 

Butler, Alban 
Butler,Gen.. .. . 
Buttermilk Falls, Pa. 
Byles, Mather 


Byron, Lord 


Cesar Augustus 
Cabell, E. C. 
Cader Iris 

Cain and Abel . 
Calcutta 
Calhoun, John C. 


Calvin, John. ™ 


Cambridge, Colleges at . 


Cambridge Christ Church . 


Campbell, Thomas 


Campbell, Mr. 

Camden, Ear! of 
Canada River 1k 
Canada, Seat of War in 
Canada, Upper and Lower 
Caner, Henry 

Ganning, Co .)ss0% 
Cannon, N.C. W. . 
Canova, Antonio 

Canton Factories . 
Cape Monserado 


INDEX 


ARTIST 


Pelham . 
Phillips 
Sanders 
Phillips 
Phillips 
Phillips 
West 
Westall 


Phillips 
West 


Craig 
King 
Dacier . 


Chadwick . 


Strutt 
(Map) . 
(Map) . 


(Map) . 
Smibert 


Dodge . 


327 


ENGRAVER 


. Haines 


Neagle 
Hamlin . 
Murray 
Harris 


. Pelham 


Edwin 


. Ellis 

. Hillis : 
. Durand . 
. Gimbrede 

- Kelly . 

. Longacre 

. Longacre 


Longacre 


. Pelton 


W.D. Smith 


Thornton 
Pru@homme 
Tanner 


. Hill 
. Campbell 
. Longacre 


Longacre 
Bowen 


. Boyd . 
. Kneass 


Snyder . 


. Hill 

. Revere 

. Hill 

. Gimbrede 
. Longacre 
. Pekenino 


Wightman . 
Haines 


. Johnston 
. Aitken 
. Kensett . 


Pelham 
Pru@homme 
SY, SY eereet 
Durand . 


. Scoles 


Stone . 


CHECK LIST 
NUMBERS 


. 1192 
. 2302 
- 1228 
. 2290 
. 1268 
. 2461 

123 

966 

967 
. 564 
- 1042 
. 1598 
- 1947 
. 1948 
. 2139 
. 2483 
~ 2947 


. 3154 

. 2560 

. 3120 

. 1358 

2 ee 
1949 —50 
+ 1951 
218 

. 248 

. 1647 

. 2995 

. 1396 

. 2682 

» 1399 

. 1043 

. 2139 


ITEM 
Capers, William 
Carey, William . 


Carolan 

Caroline, Queen 
Carpenter’s Co, Phila. 
Carroll, Charles, of C. 


Carroll, John 


Cascade, The— Pa. 
Caslon, Mrs. E. 

Cass, Lewis . ; 
Catharine II— Russia 


Catskill, N.Y. . 
Catskill Mountains 
Caulfield, Mr. 


Cervantes, Miguel 


Chambers, Sir William ‘ 
Channing, Wm. Ellery . 


Chapman, Nathaniel . 


Chappe, Abbé . 
Charles I—England . 


Charles II— England 


Charles V— Germany 
Charles XII—Sweden 


Charleston, S. C., Siege of . 


Charlestown, Mass. 


Charlestown Peninsula . 


Charlemagne ; 
Charlotte Elizabeth . 
Chase, Henry 

Chase, Philander 


INDEX 


ARTIST 
Paradise 


(Certificate) . 


Harding 
Field 
Harding 


Paul. . 
Calton . 
Tuthill . 


Durand 


De Wilde . 


Reynolds . 


Harding 
Sully 


Neagle . 


Longacre . 


Sully 


Vandyck . 


Titian . 


(Map) . 


Dickson 
Paradise 
Bogle 


328 


CHECK List 
ENGRAVER NUMBERS 

. Longacre ... . . 1952 
. Bowen thay ig 
. Ohilds: ... aes 342 
. Kennedy - 1635 
Willard . . 3369 
Thackara . 3149 

. Durand . . 566 — 
. Longacre . 1954 
. Longacre - 1953 
- Anderson ..-. 1. 46 
- Leney-Tanner. . 1722,3085 
. Tiebout . . 3204 
. Leney . 1723 
. Lewis . . 1913 
. Edwin 0 eS ee ees 
- Bill. oom 2 ee 
. Leney - « L724 
Tanner » « 3130 

.. Bennett . | 135 
. Durand . » Ore 
. Hewitt . 1318 
. Leney - 1725 
. Maverick . 2190 
. Murray . . . 2283 
. Hoogland 1417-18 
- Goodman & Piggot . . 1128 
. W.R. Jones . . - 1508 
« Kelle eis . 1599 
. Longacre - 1955 
. Neagle : - 2303 
. Clarks tht hal . 397 
. Gimbrede . 1044 
. Leney . 1726 
. Edwin . 726 
. Leney . 1727 
. Anderson ee is 
. Scoles - 2775 
. Abernethie . ; 1 
. Tanner . 3121 
. Bowen , 224, 
- Annin & Smith 112 
. Bowes ase § 
« W.D. Smith . 2950 
. Paradise . 2392 
. Pru@homme . . . 2561 


ITEM 


Chase, Samuel . 
Chatham, Earlof . 


Chauncey, Isaac 


Chesapeake and Shannon . 


Chester, John 
Chesterfield, Earl of . 


Cheverus, John . 
China Retreat, Pa. 


Christ and the Law 
Church, Benjamin 


Church of Holy Sepulcher 


Church in Distress 
Church of God . 

Cicero . ae 
Cincinnati, Ohio . 
Cincinnati, Society of 
Claiborne, William C. C. 
Clairon, Mademoiselle . 
Clarendon, Earl of 
Clark, Laban 


Clavie Adem: . . ..... 


Clarke, Beulah Allen 
Clarke, John 


Clarke, McDonald 


Clarke, Mary Ann 
Clarke,S. . 
Clarkson, Thomas 
Clay,Henry. . 


Dickinson . 


Birch 


Huntington 


Duval 
Lely . 
Paradise 
Partridge . 
Jackson 
Derby . 
Derby . 


Lovett . 


Inman . 


Hubard 
King 
Linen 
McPherson 


329 


ENGRAVER 


. Longacre 


Johnston 
Leney 


Deileker . 


Edwin 
Wightman . 


Rawdon & Co. 


- Osborn 

. Scoles 

- Hoogland 
- Johnston 
. Birch . 

. Justice 


. Revere 


Trenchard . 


- NScoles 
. Hill 


Chorley . 


~ Steel, 


- Scot 
. Longacre 


Revere 


. Haines 


Durand . 
Chorley . 


- Durand . 
- Edwin 

. Longacre 
. Paradise 


W.D. Smith 
Maverick 
Graham . 


. Hill 


Gimbrede 


. Maverick 


Leney 
Hill 


. Maverick 


Haines 


. Longacre 
. Longacre 


Mawerick 


Pru@homme . 


Sth. «he 
Willard. . 


. 3024 


CHECK LIST 
NUMBERS 


. 1956 
- 1485 
. 1728 

478 
- 727 
. 3360 
. 2642 
. 2375 
. 2776 
. 1419 
. 1486 
-” 192 
. 1564 
- 2666 
. 3287 
- 2851 
. 1356 

385 


. 2869 
- 1957 
. 2667 
. 1195 
. 567 

390 

568 
. 728 
. 1958 
. 2393 
. 2948 
. 2193 
. 1162 
. 1365 
- 1045 
. 2194 
- 1729 
. 1371 
. 2191 
- 1203 
- 1959 
- 1960 
. 2192 
. 2562 


ITEM 


Cliffton, William . 
Clinton, De Witt 


Clinton, George 


Clovis . : 
Clymer, Gaara 


Cobb, David . 
Cochran, John . 
Codman, John . 
Coke, Thomas 
Colby, John . 
Colden, sR has ate 


Colden, Cadwallader D. 
Cole, Joseph 

Coligny, Admiral . 
Collins, John 

Collins, Williams . 
Collins, Mr. ; : 
‘ Collingwood, Cuthbert : 
Colman, Benjamin 


Columbia, S. C. Stateless : 


Columbia College, N. Y. 


“Columbian Harmonist, The” 


Columbian War 
Columbus, Christopher . 


Conde, Prince de 
Condorcet, N. C. de 


Concord, Mass. 

Concord State House . 
Congress Springs, N. Y. 
Congreve, William 


Connecticut River 


INDEX 


ARTIST 
Field 
Coffee 
Ingham 
Inman . 
Trumbull . 
Catlin 
Ingham 
Ames 
Wright 
Trott 
Trott 


Wildman . 


Williams 


ENGRAVER 


. Hdwin 
. Durand . 


Durand ,. 


- Durand . 
. Leney 
. Longacre 


Pru@Vhomme 


. Anderson 


Maverick 
Tiebout . 


Galland . 


Hooker . 
Longacre 


. Hdwin 


Leney 


. Pelton 
. Rollinson 


Williams 


. Leney 


Scoles 


Waldo I mae Durand . 


Neagle . 
De Wilde . 


Smibert 


(Certificates ) 
. . « Doolittle 


Pigalt 
Savage . 


Maella . 


LeSeur . 
Kneller 
White 
Fisher 
330 


Longacre 
Smither . 


. Longacre 
. Harrison 


Leney 


- Tanner & Co. . 
. Pelham 


Akin . 
Rollinson 


Tiebout . 


. Edwin 
. Longacre 
. Maverick 


Pelton 


. Bowes 
. Bannerman 


Tisdale 


. Hill 

- Bowen 
. Hill 

. Leney 


Longacre 
Childs 


. Ellis 


CHECK LIST 
NUMBERS 


« 729 
569 
571 

. 570 

. 1730 

. 1961 

. 2563 

. 48 

. 2195 

. 3167 

. 1022 

. 1441 

. 1962 

- 730 

. 1731 

. 2484 

. 2705 

. 3363 

. 1732 

» 2777 

. 572 

. 2120 

. 2973 

. 1963 

. 1278 

. 1733 

. 3112 

. 2463 

eee 
2728-30 

» 531 

. 3239 

9S 

. 1964 

. 2197 

. 2530 
238 

- Us 

. 2351 

. 1400 

- 225 

. 1326 

. 1734 

. 2140 
357 
977 


ITEM 


Connecticut, Map of . 
Connecticut Views 
Connoisseurs, The 

Conrad, R. T. 

Constellation and Pe tanahyent 
Constitution, U. S. Frigate 
Constitution and G'uerriere 


Constitution, Escape of . 


Constitution, Levant and Cyane 


Constantinople . 
Contemplation . 
Conway, Mr. and Mrs. 
Conwell, Henry 
Cook, James 


Cook, James, Death of 
Cook’s Voyages .. . 


Cooke, George Frederick 


Cooke, Monument of 


Cooper, Ezekiel . . .. . 


Cooper, J. Fennimore 


Cooper, Myles 

Cooper, Samuel 

Cooper, Thomas 

Cooper, Thomas oklntpe! 


Cooper, William 
Gormmeling, Bo. ke ck 


Cornwallis, Charles Marquis . 


Cortes, Ferdinando 
Cossack Horseman . 


INDEX 


CHECK LIST 


ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
Allen . oe SF 

ee ee ee cs ee . 2662 
(Caricature) Charles 337 
tk eet Dodson . . 484 
Savage . . Savage . , 2757-58 
Lyon . . . Bowen 233 
ae . Strickland- Hisas 1660, 3055 
Birch Tiebout . 3206 
»ewcere& . sLoogland . 1436 
Strickland . Strickland . . 3054 
ant eee Simonne . . 2900 
Coupin . . Longacre . 2157 
ety eda ae, WTAE . 3416 
Neagle . . Bridport Q74 
eet . Doolittle + ee 
. Hill . 1368 

Rollinson . 2706 

Scoles . 2778 

« Beets. . 2856 

. Shallus 4 . 2893 

» « « « « «+ Seot & Alierdice :. . 2867 
(Illustrations) Revere 2684. 85 
(Illustrations) Shallus . 2899 
DeWilde . Anderson ere: 
Leslie . Edwin . 734-36 
Sully . Hdwin . 732 
Dunlap . Leney . 1735 
Durand . Durand . . 671 
ai SR J.R. Smith . 2919 
Otis . . Jones . . 1509 
Paradise . Pru@homme . 2564 
Blanchard . Dodson . 487 
Mirbel . . Pelton Soh ka. . 2485 
Po ae «, LORY Ne asian . 1736 
er ee Norman . . 2329 
Ingham . . Durand . 573 
Leslie . Edwin 737 
Wood . Edwin: . 36 
a sehr Glog Oe. aa ER . 1269 
Leslie . Lewis . 1914 
Smibert . Pelham . 2464 
Metcalf Longacre . 1965 
ee Edwin foi T38 
Jones . . 1510 

Lawson . . 1679 

Middleton . 2273 


331 — 


ITEM 


Cottage Scene . 2B, 
Country Seats of U.S. . 
Courtship vs. Matrimony 
Cowell, Joseph . 

Cowen, E. ; 
Cowley, ‘Atrahac’ i 
Cowley, Mrs. 

Cowper, William 


Cowper, Mrs. 

Cox, Samuel H. 
Coxsackie, N. Y. 
Crabbe, George 
Crawford, John 
Crawford, William H. 
Crawford, Mrs. 
Creation of Eve 
Cristiani, Stephen 
Crocket, David 
Croes, John . 
Croghan, George . 
Cromwell, Oliver 


Cross, Jeremy L. . 


Cromwell’s Head Tavern . 


Croton Aqueduct, Views on 


Crouch, Mrs. 

Crown Point Fort 
Crown of New England 
Cruden, Alexander 


Cullen, William 
Cumberland, Duke of 
Cumberland, Duchess of 
Cumberland, Richard 
Cupid and Psyche 
Curran, John Philpot 


INDEX 


ARTIST 
Bigg . 


Sethe ao 


N siete : 
Deming 


Lawrence 
Romney 
Heins 


Paradise 


Jarvis . 
Roberts 


Persico . 
DeRose 
Paradise 
Walker . 
Lely . 
Morse 
Munger 
Tower 
Tower 
Graham 
Brown . 


Frey 


332 


ENGRAVER 


. Tiebout . 


Birch . 
Hamlin . 


. Durand . 


W.D. Smith 


. Scoles 

. Hill 

. Edwin 

. Gimbrede 
. Hill 

. Longacre 
. Maverick 
. Pekenino 


Maverick 


. Durand . 

. Leney 

. Longacre 

. Edwin 

. Durand . 

. Leney 

. Hdwin 

. Maverick 

. Durand . 

. Paradise 

. Boyd . 

- Boyd . 

. Gimbrede 

. Gimbrede 

. Pru@homme j 
. Scot & Allerdice . 
. Jocelyn . 
. Jocelyn . 
. Callender 
. Bennett . 
.) Ae 

. Leney 

. Johnston 

. G.G. Smith 
. Kneass 


Tucker 


. Rollinson 

. Leney 

. Leney 

. Edwin 

. Hdwinm Ft 
. Edwin... 


CHECK LIST 


NUMBERS 


. 3207 
189-190 
. 1253 
. 574 
. 2949 
. 2779 
. 1366 
. %39 
- 1046 
. 1367 
. 2136 
. 2198 
. 2437 
. 2199 
. 575 
. 1882 
. 2137 
740 

. 576 
. 1737 
. 931 
. 2200 
< oT 
. 2394 
249 

. 250 
. 1048 
. 1047 
. 2565 
. 2857 
. 1532 
. 1531 
» « 892 
128-134 
. 1357 
. 1738 
. 1502 
. 2914 
. 1648 
. 3303 
. 2707 
. 1739 
. 1740 
741 


ITEM 
Curran, John Philpot 


Cutler, BC. . 
Cutler, Timothy 


Daggett, David 
Dalcho, Frederick 
Dale, Richard 


Dallas, Alexander J. . 


Dallas, George Mifflin 
Da Ponte, Lorenzo 


Darley, Ellen Westray . 


Darling Asleep 
Dartmouth College 


Dartmoor Prison . 


Davenport, John 
Davenport, Mrs. 


Davie, Wm. Richardson 


Dawes, Rufus 
Dearborn, Henry . 


Deblin, Miss 
Decatur, Stephen . 


Declaration of Independence . 


De Kalb Monument . 
Delancy, William H. | 


INDEX 


ARTIST 
Hopson 


Dickinson . 


Pelham . 


Wood 
Fraser . 
Wood 
Wood 
Stuart 
Stuart 


Harrison . 


Rogers . 
Doyle 
Dunlap 
Darley . 


Dana 
Dunham 


Roberts 
Vanderlyn 
Cranch . 
Peale 


Sully 
Birch 
Stuart 
Stuart 
Plantou 


Jarvis 
Sully 


Trumbull . 
Trumbull . 


Savage . 


Miils: 


333 


CHECK LIST 

ENGRAVER NUMBERS 

- Houston . 1458 
Tiebout . 3168 

» Pru@Vhomme . 2566 
Pelham . . 2465 
Jocelyn . . 1533 

- Durand . ets 
. EHdwin 743 —T44 
- Dodson nr ee) 480 
- Goodman & Piggot . . 1129 
. Leney . 1741 
. Harrison . 1279 
. Pekenino . 2452 
- Hdwin . 145 
. Leney . 1742 
. Steel . . 3004 
Edwin 928 

. Bowen . 226 
. Hill . 1401 
. Doolittle . 632 
- G.G. Smith . 2911 
. Doolittle vate 2”) 
. Leney . 1743 
. Longacre . 1966 
. Pru@Vhomme . 2567 
. Hdwin . T46 
Tanner & Co. . 3111 
Wright . 3416 

. Durand . 579 
. Hdwin relate 
. Edwin 748-749 
Gimbrede . . 1049 
Goodman & Piggot . . 1130 

on LQUa es Callie cee . 1915 
Osborn . 2376 

. Pekenino . 2438 
. Pru@homme . 2568 
. Reed & Stiles . . 2658 
. Strickland . . 3046 
. Durand . 4 4 t2GTs 
. Pru@homme 2622-23 
. Savage . 2759 
. Stone . . 3045 
. Hill . 1327 
. Dodson 486 


ITEM 


Delano, Amasa . 
Delaware Peninsula . 
Delaware River 
Delaware Water Gap 


Dempster, John 
Dennie, Joseph . 
Dennie Memorial . 
D’Eon Chevalier 


“Deputy Commissioner’s Guide” 


Derby, Countess of 
Derwent Water 
Descent from Cross 


Despotism Vanquished . 


De Sacy, Silvestre 
Devon, Pa. : z 
Dexter, Lord Timothy 


INDEX 


ARTIST 


(Map) . 
Birch 
Durand 
Birch 
Wall 


Fairman 


Rubens 
Birch 


Peele 


Dexter, Lord Timothy— Residence . 


Dick, Thomas 
Dickinson, John 
Dickinson College, Pa. 
Dillwyn, George 

Dismal Swamp, Va. . 
Dilworth, Thomas 
Dock-cleaning Machine . 
Dodd, William . 
Doddridge, Philip 


Doge’s Palace, Venice 
Donoughmore, Lord . 
D’Orsay, Alfred 
Dorsey, John Syng 
Drake, J. Rodman 
Drais, Baron Charles de 
Draper, Sir William . 
Drayton, William Henry 
Dryden, John 


Dress 
Duche, Jacob 
Duff, Mrs. 
Duff, John 


Brackenridge 


Inman 


Sully 
Rodgers 


Reading 


Neagle . 
Neagle . 
Williams 


334 


CHECK LIST 


ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
. Wightman... . . 3355 
. Dawkins . . . . %) 466 
.. Tucker. «ss Seth ae 
. Durand’... a eet ate 
. Strickland... . . S066 
. Paradise .. «  « 9395 
: Goodman & Piggot eres ® bs)! 
. Fairman onda eee 


- Norman. . « «1 -« Sa50 
. Sparrow <0) whip Meee 


- Leney oon 5 
— Seymott oi teu pee 
© Deney oi canen th use 
. Tisdale . . . « « » 3269 
. Pelton ¢ ai se 
. Birch... ee eee 


~ Akin’... + Seth eee 
. Paradise .; «+. . «2a06 
. JR. Smith ee 


Tucker. asiast® eae 


. Smither.. . <2. eee 


Tanner. «6.0 tien vee 
. Bdwm « «4 sia eee 
- Maverick . .. . . 2939 


. Anderson . . GuG sale 
. Maverick 4.0.1 % up eee 
. Tanner oa. is Se eee 


Chorley ©...) + gates see 


. Edwin a1 ie aoe 
. Reed... iiecehed ae eee 
. Barkete « 3) eS eae 
. Deny 2°. oo eee 


Yeager . «9 wee are 
Goodman & Pliage 1132-34 


. Kelly, soa eee 


Clay... 3 ee 
Hatnes se i See 1196 
Wright. vs. <3 


. Kellyig is th eee 


» autueers . DOng@ere a.) 5 eee 
(Caricature) . 


Akin 2 5 4°. 50a 


. Malcom... . . » 2166 
. Longacre . . . 5 + BaGT 
. Durand 4.4.08 ee ee 


Edwin-Boyd ... . "51 


INDEX 


ITEM ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS 


Pee rOrnO a ves... ome . Edwin rien) oie er. 2964 
Seepere Nae” . oe... Meanceors. . Edwins. » . . . . 732 
Duncan, Admiral . - Tanner& Co. . . . . 38112 
Dunstaffage Castle Le saree). Harrizon,. Rin 41982 
Duplantier Mansion, La. . . Bitehoracsa die gt. boa 220k 


Durand, Asher Brown Waldo a7 owett Pekenino :.. . . 2439 
eee AS we oe «> LOGIONESS 2 5 488 
rrr MmaMibere e.g ee ei. « ESTE). wwe vw » 1871 
Dafoe. gles (Racehorse). Wright ... . . . S417 
Dwight, Timothy ‘ Jocelyn’... ..'.. 1684-35 


Trumbull . 


. Leney 


- LTAT 

Wood . Leney . 1746 

Eagle Tavern, Albany ott baa . Kneass . 1661 
Eaglesfield, Pa. Mason . . Childs . 361 
Hast River, N. Y. . Leney . 1883 
Ser an - Maverick . 2240 

Eastburn, Joseph . Otis . .. Clay. . 892 
Bowman . Frederick . 1017 

Otis . Otis . 2384 

Eaton, John H. Longacre . . Longacre . 1968 
Eaton, William ae ee. Hamlin . . 1229 
Doyle . Snyder . 2990 

Echo, Pa.. . . Birch . Birch . . 195 
“Echo, The” . otk . Leney . 1905 
Eden Vale, Mass. Edes . Hill . » » 1404 
Edgeworth, Maria : ated eos > WAGMAN: . 42.0. Ge SSO 
Edgeworth, MAte-aasidence Edgeworth . Childs ..... . 362 
Beimperen wa. . Craig . . Caompbelin cat TY line) S01 
Schetky . . Drayton. . ... . 548 


| avant). Warnecke oni )..crec 8861 
HWadward, Princeof Wales... .... . . Leney 2. wu... 1748 
Seerencerya Gorey... ! etn. Pdwine’ . wenn’ T od 188 


Edwards, Jonathan et a a ey | 
. Annin & Smith 106 

Doolittle it. SAS 

. Edwin . 756-57 

- Jocelyn . 1536-37 

- Reed . 2649 —50 

A, ky at - W.D. Smith . 2951 
Egypt... wars (Map) . - Poupard : . 2553 
Elbequier at ae See. nd co WaeEN, « TIBOR «8. ss -o. ¢ BBOS 
Eleazer Draggedto Torture . ...... Allon. ...... 38 
Election Scene in Phila. Krimmel . . Lawson... . . . 1692 
RGMGret a ees wee |e) 1. a cewoxeeets .. Mdtoin eos 6 SD yp i986 


335 


ITEM 
Elgin Botanic Garden 


Elijah and the Widow’s Son . 


Eliot, Sir John . 


Elisha and the Shunianiteed 


Elizabeth, Queen . 


Elizabeth . 


Elk, The . 

Elliott, E. 

Elliott, Jesse Duncan 
Ellison, Thomas 
Ellsworth, Oliver . 


Ely, Ezra Stiles 
Elysian Bower, Pa. 
Embury, Mrs. 
Emmeline 


Emmet, Thomas Addis ¢ 


Emmons, Nathaniel . 
Emmons, Richard 
Emory, John 


INDEX 


ARTIST 
Reinagle 
Simond . 


Le Suer 
Pine . 
Fairman . 
Trumbull . 
Trumbull . 


Otis . 
Birch 


Morse 
Badger 


Longacre . 


I fs 


Emporium of Arts and Sciences (Title-page) 


Epicurus . - 
Epochs of Pintary 
Erie Canal, Views on 


Erie Canal Celebration . 


Errington, John 
Erskine, Alexander 
Erskine, Thomas . 


FKsten, Mrs. . 

Etna, Summit of 
Eugene, Prince of Savoy 
Euripides 

Eustis, William 


Evarts, Jeremiah . 
Eve and the Serpent . 


Ewing, John 
Ewing, J.S. . 


Cosway 
Cosway 
DeWilde 
Williams 
M Ae 
Morse 


Fairman 


336 


ENGRAVER 


. Leney 

. Leney 

. Eddy . 

. Prudhomme 


Longacre 


. Edwin 
.. Leney 


Seymour 
Osborn 
Tiebout . 
Ellis 


. Pru@homme 
. Edwin 

. Fairman 

. Hdwin 

. Maverick 


Childs 


. Birch. 

. Dodson . 

. Barralet . 

. J.R. Smith . 
. Pelton 

. Longacre 

. Jones . 


. Longacre 
Edwin 


. Durand . 


Wilson-Eddy . 


. Hill 
. Maverick-Morin . 
. Leney 


Tiebout 


. Maverick 

. Murray . 

. Leney 

. Harrison 

. Leney 

. Longacre 

. Annin & Smith 
- Chorley . 

. Longacre 


Pelton 


. Akin . 
. Edwin 
. Childs 


. 2570 
. 2156 


. 9571 


. 2201 


CHECK LIST 
NUMBERS 


. 1884 
. 1885 


690 


756 


. 1749 
. 2873 
. BIT 
. 3169 


980 


757 
987 
758 


344 
196 
507 
121 


. 2920 
. 2486 
. 1969 
. 1512 
. 1970 


949 
581 


. 3400 
1329 —32 


ITEM 


Fall of Fyers 

Falls of the Sawkill 
Falstaff [Syon5 
Family Electioneering . 
Famous Mountain, China . 
Fandango, The . 
Farm-Yard, etc. 

Farren, Miss F 
Fayetteville. .... 


Female Character, Letters on 


Fenelon 


Fennell, James . 


Ferguson, Adam 
Ferrand, Marie Louis 
Fielding, Henry 


Fillmore, Millard . 
Findley, Mary . 
Finland View 

Finley, James B. 
Finley, Samuel. . 
Finley Chain Bridge . 
Finney, Charles G. 
Fire-Engine, American 
Fire-Engine, New York 


Fireman’s Certificate 


Fisher, Alexander M. 
Fisher, Clara 

Fisher, James 
Fishkill, N. Y. . 
Fisk, Pliny . 

Fisk, Wilbur 

Fitch’s Steamboat 
Fitz, Henry . rae 
Flat Rock Dam, Pa. . 
Flavel, John . 


Flechere, John W. dela . 


INDEX 


337 


ARTIST ENGRAVER 
etree . Kneass 
Bennett - Durand . 
Fuseli . . Leney 
(Caricature). Charles 

- Lawson . 

- Seymour 
weet. Prenchard. . 
Ramberg . . Leney 
Shaw Hill 
(Title-page) . Longacre 
Vivien . . Clarke 
eee - Gaw . 
Vivien . - Pelton 
Wood - Boyd . 
Doyle . Snyder 
Reynolds . . Tucker 
oe amines . EHdwin 
Hogarth - Leney 
oi. eee - Tucker 

. Steel . 

- Boyd . 

Rete ey een Tanner 
Paradise .. . Durand . 
ok de cae es 10) ee ODA 
Strickland . Tanner 
Spencer . Paradise 

. Folwell 

» will 

. Maverick 
PPR at ne Godwin . 
Robertson . Maverick 
pe ce . J.R. Smith . 
Morse . Jocelyn . 
Inman . . Bennett . 

. Scoles 

. Hill 
AAC ys . Hoogland 
Paradise . Paradise 
Scere . Trenchard . 
Linen . W.D. Smith 
Doughty . Steel . 
cs SNE . Reed . 

. J.R. Smith . 

. Edwin 

. Pru@homme 


CHECK LIST 
NUMBERS 


- 1665 
. 675 
. 1908 
- 332 
. 1701 
- 2892 
. 3288 
. 1753 
. 1343 
. 2148 
. 398 
. 1029 
. 2488 
. 251 
. 2991 
. 3305 
. 9 
. 1754 
. 3306 
. 3005 
- 252 
. 3125 

582 
. 760 
. 3126 
- 2397 
- 1008 
. 1347 
. 2265 
. 1118 
. 2257 
. 2940 
. 1538 
. 122 
. 2780 
. 1340 
. 1420 
. 2398 
. 3289 
. 2952 
. 3038 
. 2651 
. 2941 
. 761 
. 2572 


ITEM 


Fletcher, John . 
Fletcher, Mary . 


Floral Magazine 

Florida, History of 

Floyd, William . 

Folwell, Dicky . 
Fontenelle 

Forrest, Edwin 

Forster, Anthony . 

Fort Crown Point 

Fort Erie, Siege of ‘ 
Fort McHenry, Battle of . 


Fort McHenry, Bombardment 
DT is ae 
Fort Miller, N. Y. . 

Fort Montgomery . 

Fort Moultrie, Attack on 

Fort Niagara 

Fort Oswego 


Fort Putnam 
Fort Sandusky . 
Fort Ticonderoga . 


Fortune Hunter, The 
Fothergill, John 


Fountain Green, Pa. . 
Fox, Charles James 


Fox, George . 

Francis I—France 

Francis, John W. . 

Francis, Sir Philip 

Francis, William . 

Francis, Mrs. William 
Francisco, Peter 

Francke, A. H. . Se ath 
Frankfort State House, Ky. . 
Franklin, Benjamin . 


INDEX 


ARTIST 


CHECK LIST 
NUMBERS 


. Pekenino ... . . 2440 

- Gimbrede . . . . . 1050 

> «0. wt oe Longaera ae ee 
(Title-page) . Longacre ... . . 2158 
(Illustrations) Romans... . . . 2735 
+ + 0 e 6+ Durand] 73 See 
(Caricature). Akin . . ..... J 
‘ Clarke... <5 St, Maes 


ENGRAVER 


Neagle . . Durand . . « S27 684 
Marling . Goodman & Piggot . . 1185 
ous Doe . Johnston. . «2 eso? 
Douglas Vallance 2 ies a, beeen 
ok ~ Bower a. i eee 

. Harrison . . « . . 1814 
Strickland . Kneass ... . . . 1658 


. Bihs. ~o.c Pee eee 
. ihe .>. yee ae 
. Abernethte . os ss 2 
. Strickland . . . . «3056 
.. Clarke. « TSR Rae 
. Strickland . . . . . 3057 


(Map) 


Weir . Durand. « 21% 42eT6 
sited Mure . Strickland . sa>5 98058 
Reinagle . Fairman vo OAL. Set 


Cole. we... Kearny. eee 


Wall . Maverick 5 es igh BREE 
7. e ow Callender, 3a. 2a ees 

. Clarke -.. . . . « 2/400 

weak . Smtther = ey Pa eea7a 
Birch . Bitches <i. see 
coe aie . Boyd ys «643 a eee 
. Edwin. % vee ae 

. Kelly «. . . eae 

. Prudhomme .. . . 2619 

mies - Bowen =. . .) ees 
Titian . Anderson 52 
Herring . Pru@homme . 2573 
Barta eo . Brown 279 
Neagle . . Longacre 1974 
Neagle . . Longacre 1975 
Barralet . Edwin 921 
. Longacre . 1976 

. Scoles . 2831 

Akin . 15 


338 


ITEM 
Franklin, Benjamin . 


Franklin— Reeve . 
Franklinville, Ky. . 
Frederick II — Prussia 


INDEX 


ARTIST 
Halloway . 


Longacre . 
Peale 
Martin . 
Martin . 


Martin . 
Chamberlin 


Martin . 


Martin . 
Martin . 
Wilson . 


Martin . 
Janinet 


Peale 


Janinet 
Martin . 
Martin . 
Cochin . 
Croome 
Martin . 


Martin . 


339 


CHECK LIST 
ENGRAVER NUMBERS 


Allardice «2... 6 Al 


. Anderson .. Fae OL 


. Bannerman. . . 114-15 
. Dodiow .- -. FR eae 
o. Bae ee ees 1S 
Maen 2° a SES 
» RTO. RR eS 


Gobrecht’ . 2... 1110 


. Goodman & Piggot 1186-37 
Pam a fi) 3. cea at ana wren teekn! cas 1s 3g) 
oy hl GARGS LOIRE. et ee 
. Hamlin 220 2. 1980 
» -darrison: : oS erl 286 


FE a aie Oe 
W.R. Jones es oe... 2 16 


« Kelly: oc. O71 eet x OS 
. Longacre . 1977-79, 2110 


Longacre ... . . 1981 
Longacre ... . . 1980 


. Maverick-Durand .. 585 
. P.R. Maverick . . . 2259 
. S.Maverick . . . . 2267 
. Marray. 2 eerie. 28286 
. Norman... . 2331-32 
OULD eo vera hai cae oa ee 
. Pekenino .. . 2441=42 
. Pelton . . «2489, 2580 
« Perking -.* Ee Peas 
. Savage. . SORIA UR TAG 
« Beetles. owe 4 RIBI- BA 


W.D.Smith .'. . . 9953 
TQRREE. 0 Rea SUen 
Tanner .. . . 3088-98 
Thackara & Vallance . 3146 
Throop ..°. « «*« 8156 


. Tecket 3 eS a a eee 


Warnicke .. . . . 3350 
Wightman... . . 3358 
Willard . , . .. . S371 
Willard... . .”. «| . 3392 
Woodruff ... . . 3402 
Young & Delleker . . A79 
Maverick ... . . 2203 
TORNBES OS ae a en 
BU As. « rw ene eae 


ITEM 
Frederick William III and 

Queen » heettendos 
Freemasons Charity School 
Fuller, Andrew 


Fuller, William 
Fulton, Robert . 


Fulton First, Launch of 
_ Fulton’s Ferry Boat . 
Furman, Garrit 


Gage’s Lines, Boston 
Gaines, Edmund P. 
Gallatin, Albert 
Gamble, Thomas 
Gano, Stephen . 


Gansevoort, Peter 
Garnett, Thomas 
Garrettson, Freeborn 


Garrick, David . 
Gaston, William 
Gates, Horatio . 


Gay, John . 
Genius of Penmanship 
George I—England . 


George II— England 


George III—England 


INDEX 


ARTIST 
Carter . 


Ingham 
West 


West-Emmet 


Barralet 
Cummings 


Jarvis 


Gimbrede . 


Waldo 


Partridge . 


Young . 


Partridge . 


Stuart 
Smith 
Paradise 
Paradise 
Paradise 


Cooke 


Stuart 


Robertson 


Beechey 
340 


ENGRAVER 


Edwin 


. Leney 


Cone . 
Gobrecht 


. Durand . 
. Leney 


Leney 
Longacre 


. Pelton 


Tanner 
Leney 
Durand . 


Aitken 


. Longacre 
. Jones . 


Longacre 
Annin & Smith 


. Hamlin. . 
. Pekenino 

. Pru@homme 
. Leney 

. Danforth 

. Durand . 

. Pru@homme 
. EHdwin 

. Durand . 


Edwin 
Norman . 
Tiebout . 


Gimbrede 


Pekenino 


. Maverick 
. Allardice 


Edwin 
Maverick 


. Allardice 
. Boyd . 
. Leney 

. Allardice 
. Boyd . 
. Haines 


Leney 


. Longacre 


CHECK LIST 
NUMBERS 


oo 6S 
1886-87 
. 420 

. 1111 

. . 586 
1755-56 
. L157 

. 1982 

. 2490 

. 3131 

. 1888 
587 


ITEM 


George IV — England 


George, Prince of Wales 


Gerbua, The . 
Gerrald, Joseph 
Gerry, Elbridge 


Gessner, Solomon . 
Giants Causeway . 


Gibbon, Edward 


Gibson, James . 
Gifford, William 
Gillies, John . 


Gilpin, Henry D. 


Gilpin’s Mills, Pa. 


Girard, Stephen 
Glendy, John 
Glenn’s Falls 


Gloucester, Jeremiah 
Gloucester, John . 
Gloucester, Wm. Fred., Prine of. 
Goldsmith, Oliver . 


Goodall, Mrs. 


Goodrich, Jesse W. 


Gough, Miss 


Governor’s Guard . 


Grafton, Joseph 


Grafton, Duke of . 
Graham, Isabella . 


INDEX 


ARTIST 


Wivell 
Lawrence . 


Vanderlyn 


heynolds . 
Reynolds . 
Reynolds . 
Trott 


Bogle 
Inman . 
Doughty 


(Caricature) . 


Otis e 
Lawrence . 
Robinson . 


Reynolds . 
Reynolds . 
Reynolds . 
Reynolds . 
Reynolds . 


DeWilde 
Graham 
Clay . 
Goodrich 


Jarvis 


341 


CHECK LIst 


ENGRAVER NUMBERS 

. Hoogland 1421 
. Longacre . 1986 
. Willard .-. . 3372 
. Leney . 1761 
. Revere . 2687 
. Tanner . 3090 
. Longacre ‘1987- 88 
. J.R. Smith . - » 2921 
. Hdwin . 769-70 
. Harrison . 1295 
. Tanner . 3128 
. Durand . 590 
. Lawson . . 1681 
. Pelton . . 9401 
: Goodman § Piggot 2088 
. Hdwin : 771 
Chapin . 3805 

. Tucker . 3308 
. Dodson . 490 
. Steel . . 3038 
Charles . 313 

. Longacre . 1989 
. Hill . 1340 
Tiller . . 3240 
Tanner-Jones . . 1514, 3091 

. Leney . 1875 
. Hdwin 772 
. Ellis . 969 
. Hoogland . 1422 
. DLeney . 1762 
. Longacre . 1990 
. Longacre . 1980 
. Neagle . 2304 
. Pelton - 2492 
. Pekenino . 2445 
. Poupard . 2551 
. Seymour . 2874 
. Steel . . 3006 
. Leney . 1763 
. Pelton . 2493 
. Leney . 1764 
. Childs 364 
. Annin & Smith . 98 
. Haines . 1200 
. DLeney . 1765 


ITEM 


Graham, Isabella . 


Granby, Marquis of . 
Grand Chartreuse . 
Gray, Thomas 


Gray’s Ferry, Pa. . 


Green Hill, Pa. . 
Green, Samuel . 
Green, Mr. .. 
Greene, Nathaniel . 


Greenwoods, Conn. 
Grenoble, France . 
Grenville, George . 
Grey, Miss 

Grey, Lady Jane 


Griffin, EK. D. 5. 
Griswold, Alexander v. 


Grove, Henry 
Gueule d’Enfer, Bridge on 
Gurney, ‘Thomas 


Hackett, James H. 
Haddril’s Point, S. C. 
Hadley’s Falls . 
Hallam, Mrs. Lewis 
Hamilton, Alexander 


INDEX 


ARTIST 


Jarvis . 
Jarvis 


Lehman 
Peale 
Hoffman 


Peale 
Peale 


Bonnetheau 


. Northcote . 


Wood 
Inman . 
Thomson 


Woolaston. 


Inman . 
Fraser . 


Dunlap . 


Sharpless . 


Dopvachi 
Field 


Trumbull . 


Robertson 
Cerrachi 


342 


. Leney 


CHECK LIST 


ENGRAVER NUMBERS 


. Leney-Valentine . . . 3337 
. Rollinson . . +. . » 9108 
. Hatnes . oh ea eee 
. Harrison . . « % 1807-8 
. Longacre . . . . +. 9185 
. Pekenino ... . . 2446 
. Ttebout . .enhiniieeee 
. Steel... 5 72) eee ee 


Trenchard . 3290-91 


- Mill . ~ soe ss 1405 
. Pelton ... . . « Q494 
- Seymour 4. . 9... « 2876 
. Edwin 


. 101, 773 
Gimbrede ... . . 1052 


. Longacre . sniew. qoages- 


Neagle .... «xjmill, 2. Seceees 


. Norman... . . « 9334 


3252-53 
Trenchard . - 3274 
Willard . » > oO? 
Trenchard . . . « ~ 3292 
Kearny... . « » « 1687 


Tisdale 


. =Hames.. . . sees eee 
. Alls... dite Se 


Jocelyn . « +) «\ «> « 1689 


. Longacre ... . . 1991 
. DLeney... iith dae ee 


Dodson. 6. «2, Foe 


. Longacre... .s «3 aoe 
« LORY ooo) ie oe 


Kearny... s « « A688 


. Birch oui. i 


. Durand 4. «a 3 eee 
. Bill vi i ae 
. Bill, oe ee eee 
. Tiebout..” so eee 
. Anderson. ws ss oe ee 


Cook ... . . seep eee 


. Durand . © seal wopeeee? 
. Fairman .... « 988 
. Bield. . .. Bigat) fee 
. Graham . .. » . ~» A163 


Graham . ... . . 1164 
1769-70 


ITEM 
Hamilton, Alexander 


Hamilton, James . 
Hamilton Memorial . 
Hamilton Monument 
Hamilton, Lady 
Hamline, L. L. . 
Hampden, John 
Hampton, Md. . . 
Hampton Beach, Mass. . 
Hancock, John . 


Hand-in-Hand Soc. 
Hannah, John . 
Hannum, William 
Hanson, Alex. Contee 
Haralson, H. A. 
eee oe 8 
Harmon, Daniel Wm. 
Harper’s Ferry, Va. . 


Harrisburg, Pa.—Capitol . 


Harrison, William H. 


Hart, N.C. 
Hartford, Conn. 
Hartford Convention 
Hartley, Mrs. 
Harvard College 


Harvey, William . 
Harwood, John Edmund 


INDEX 


ARTIST 


Ames 
Ames 


Robertson 
Robertson 
Robertson 
Strickland 
Romney 
Pine . 
Birch 
Kidder . 
Copley . 


Copley . 


‘. 


Paradise 
Graham 
Jarvis 
Hicholiz 
Schroeder . 


. Doughty 


Doughty 
Lambdin . 
Wood 
Hott . 


Paradise 
Barber . 


(Caricature) . 
. Leney : 
. Annin & Smith 
. Bowen 


Roberts 
Fisher 
Fisher 
Fisher 


Field. 
343 


ENGRAVER 


. Leney 
- Hoogland 
. Jones . 


Middleton . 


. Pru@homme 
. Rollinson 


Rollinson 
Tanner 
Longacre 
Scoles 


. Plocher 


Gimbrede 


. Pru@homme 


Prudhomme 


. Birch . 
. Bowen 


Longacre 


. Norman . 
. Pelton 

. Revere 
fetes slo. s Seymour 
(Certificate) . 
. Danforth 
. Leney 

. Edwin 


Strickland . 


Kelly . 
Pekenino 


. Leney 


Steel . 
Tucker 
Frederick 


. Dodson 
. Jones . 
. Pelton 


Tanner & Co. 
Willard . 


. Paradise . 


Willard . 
Charles 


Torrey 


. Jones . 
. Edwin 


CHECK LIST 
NUMBERS 


- 1768 
. 1423 
- 1515 
. 2272 
. 2576 
. 2709 
. 2710 
. 3092 
. 2120 
. 2833 
. 2546 
. 1053 
~ 2577 
. 2578 
198 
oa eS 
1994-96 
- 2335 
. 2495 
. 2668 
. 2871 
. 3067 
. 442 
. 1771 
. TTA 
. 1604 
~ 247 
- 1772 
. 3028 
. 3321 
. 1018 
- 492 
. 1516 
. 2496 
. 3111 
. 3373 
. 2399 
. 3396 
. 333 
~ 1773 
109 

. 229 
. 3273 
. 1517 
115 


ITEM 


Hauser, Casper 
Haverstock Hill 
Hawes, Joel . : 
Hawkesworth, John . 
Hayne, Robert Y. . 
Heath, William 


Heber, Reginald 
Hedding, Elijah 


Hell-Gate, N. Y. 


Helmuth, J. H.C. . 
Helvetius . 

Hemans, Felicia 
Henderson, Mr. 
Henley, John 
Henlopen Lighthouse 
Henry, Mr. ‘ 
Henry, Matthew 


Henry, Patrick . 
Henry IV— England 


Henry IV —France 


Henry V—England . 


Henry VIII—England . 


Hermitage, The 
Hervey, James . 


Heseltine, James . 


Hewes, George R. T. . 


Hewes, Joseph . 
Heyward, Thomas 
Hibbard, B. 


Hibernian Soutety, Phila. 
Hibernian Society, S. C. 


Hicks, Elias . 


Hidden, Samuel 
Highlands on Hudson 


INDEX 


ARTIST 


Freebairn . 


Hewins . 


Longacre . 


Williams 
Paradise 
Pine . 
Shaw 


Barr . 
Otis . 


Ramberg . 


W oolaston 


Sully 


Birch 


ee ; 


H ee a 


(Certificate) . 


Fairman 
Imman . 
Doughty 

B44 


CHECK LIST 

ENGRAVER NUMBERS 

. Pelton . 2497 
. Childs . 865 
. Pelton . 2498 
. Edwin . . T6 
. Longacre . 1997 
. Norman . . 2336 
. JR. Smith . . 2922 
. Longacre . 2137 
. Durand . . 693 
. Pru@homme . 2579 
. Hill . 1343 
. Tiebout . Y . . 3210 
‘ Goodman § Piggo seta LIS 
. Clark . . AO] 
. Pelton . 2499 
. Leney / 1th 
. Leney - 1175 
Trenchard . . 3293 
Tiebout . . 3174 
Chorley . . 390 
Kearny . . 1566 

. Longacre . 1998 
. Morse . 2278 
. Leney . 176 
. Edwin : ara bi | 
. Scot & Allardice . . 2858 
. Galland . : . 1023 
. . Boyd . . 256 
. . Deney ~ 1017 
. Leney . 1778 
. Steel . . 8029 
Tanner 3093 

. Gaw . 1030 
. Leney 1779 
. Anderson 54 
Kearny . 1567 

. Longacre 1999 
. Danforth 443 
Houston . 1468 

. Anderson 65 
. Childs 346 
. Maverick . 2205 
. Steel . . 8007 
. Dearborn - . A 
Tucker . 3320 


ITEM 


Hilson, Ellen Augusta . 
Hilson, Thomas 

Hill, George H. 

Hill, Rowland . 


Hill, Lord Rowland . 
Hills’ Drawing Book . 
Hill-Tops, The . 
Hiscox, Thomas 
Hitchcock, Enos 
Hobart, John Henry . 


Hoboken, N. J. . 
Hodgkinson, John 


Hodgkinson, Mrs. John 


Hohenlohe, Prince Gustavus . 


Holcombe, Henry . 


Holley, Horace. 
Hollis, Thomas . 
Holman, Mr. ‘ 
Holmes, Henry . 
Holyoke, Edward . 
Homer. . 


Hone, Philip 
Honeyman, James 
Hook, Theodore E. 
Hoole, John . 
Hooper, William . 
Hopkins, Samuel . 
Hopkinson, Francis . 


Horace 
Horne, George . 


Horry, Elias ae 
Horry, Mary Shubrick . 
Horry, Thomas 

Horsley, Samuel 


INDEX 


CHECK LIST 

ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS: 
Neagle . . . Durand. .... . 6594 
Neagle . . . Durand. .... . 595 
Pwibitign ws! .. Kelly... = Saat 2.1608 
Mot me his es LeOngaere derogit.. < 8188 
« )Seolea |: . recon of tee STS 

«) BOOtda es, “Daskeren ey oeBRO 

of AE ee po a.) QR, ISAS 

Callender . .. . . 294 

OROG 5 sb neo . 2371 

soaepesecet’ .: . Homlen. 3. ° eed re 1233- 34 
Paradise . . Mam... . . ... 9161 
Paradise . . Paradise . .. . . 2400 
Births... <<, BW ess dave eae lan 
Groombridge Leney ..... .1%80 
ae een es. SaOlée ie ate ny. OTRG 
Dunlap. . . Tiebout . ... . 3175 
Shy od ee win. a. 2 A NOOO Maga oka 3176-77 
Dunlap i . Tiebouti tice). ie er BUT 
«oat teh? .  Demgaeré inca tt “ers rear 2000 
OOM gos Se 2a ee 

jc.< Adee . 2 ORDO 62 oS Rss. we al00e 
Staartavess.. Kelly cu) Jie 1606 
Pélhamins® . Péelham> =... . < 9466 
Grahams. Loney... « s+ « « 181 
ep oe ary, SOmguere om 3. GOCE 
siti chek PQ 6 a oa dd ol GABE 
Desierto . Bdwitee ow eS TTY 
. Johnston .... . 1487 

<: LOR BY RECAST hahaa th sn TBO 
Siete. Mavertohics.28 2, 36nd 2208 
Peale. oe Dardnds. Saber) i606 
GO oe a UGG. Se 5 OSTR 
Seed SE OAGOR eS) iat ns, SARS 
it ue ee.) Maverick. ©... . BROT 
. Pelham... . Pelham... . . +» 2468 
Ga Mee} « ACER af. Vwedy., - 2652 
Pine. .¢.) . Bongactéei ii  2002- 3 
Pine. . . . Longacre-Nesmith . . 2317 
. Rollinson... . . 2711 

oes ew a Ts Comnbredé.. 3. ties eek OG 
Olwer . . . Longacre .. . . . 2604 
Frazer... .. . Longacre oe a.0y 4; 2005 
Frazer: . . Longacre .. . . . 2006 
Praverives. Steel yoo. . . . . 3008 


Dighton .. Leney .... . . 1783 
345 


ITEM 


Horses . . 
Horton, James . 
Hosack, David . 
Hosmer, Harriet C. 
Hottentot Woman 
Houston, Samuel . 
Howard, John . 
Howard, John Eager 
Howe, Ad. Richard 
Hubbard, Nehim . 
Hudson, Seth 
Hudson, N.Y. . 
Hudson River . 


Hudson Highlands 
Hudson, U.S. Frigate . 
Hudson, near Fishkill 


Hudson and Mohawk Rivers . 


Hugh Capet. . 
Hughes, John 
Hull, Isaac 


Hull, Mr. . 


Humane Society, Phila. 
Humboldt, Alex. von 
Hume, David 


Humphrey, David 
Hunt, James H. Leigh 


Hunter, John 

Hunter, William 
Huntington, Samuel . 
Huntington, S. . 


Hurd, Nathaniel 


4 


INDEX 


ARTIST 


Byrd 


. Sully 


Harding 


Shumway . 


Robertson . 


Fraser . 


Wall 

(Map) . 
Kneller 
Stuart . 
Stuart . 
Williams 
DeWilde 
Roberts 
Graham 


(Certificate) . 


Jacobs . 


Reynolds . 


(Medal ) 


Severn . 


Edwards 
Hurlstone 


346 


. Lawson . «2. s\n Gee 
. Leney ..... « 1788 
. Longacre ... . . 2007 


CHECK LIST 

ENGRAVER NUMBERS 

. Hill 1336-39 
. W.D. Smith - 2954 
. Durand . . + vo. 3) 697 
. Pelton . 2500 
. Scoles . 2854 
. Pelton - . . 2501 
. Thackara & Vallance . 3147 
. Pru@homme .. 2580 
. Tanner & Co. . 3112 
. Jocelyn . . 1540 
. Hurd. . 1475 
. Hill . 1340 
Cooke . 483 
- Graham . hE%2 
. Hill . 1341 
. Hewitt <a 
. Bennett . 2°. 35 oe ee 
. Steel . . 3038 
. Maverick . 2242 
- Galland . - 1021 
. Leney . 1784 
. Edwin . 780-82 
. Graham . . 1165 
. J.R. Smith . . 2923 
. Strickland . . 3047 
. Leney . 1785 
. Leney . 1786 
. Leney . 1787 
Smither . . 2983 

. Pru@homme . 2581 
. Boyd . Q57 


Scot & Allardice . . 2859 


. Maverick ... . « 2958 


. Edwin . 783 
. Pru@homme - 2582 

Yeager . 3492 
. Durand « . . . .) . 698 
. Jones . . 1518 
. Longacre . 2008 
. Hoogland - 1424 
. Pelton . 2502 
. Jennys (?). . . 1482 


ITEM 


Hutton, John S. 
Hyde, Alvan 
Hymn Tunes 


Tlay . Are 
Indian Mounds . 


Indian Pipes ae 
Indian Queen Hotel . 


Infancy of Scottish Music . 


Ingalls, William 
Ingham, Samuel D. 
Inglis, James 
Irving, Edward 
Irving, Washington 


Isis Magna Mater . 
Iturbide, Augustin de 


Jackson, Andrew . 


INDEX 


ARTIST 


Elwell . 


(Title-page) . 


Livingston 


Cosway 
Williams 
Longacre . 
Wood 
Newton 
Leslie 


(Caricature) . 


Wood . 
Wheeler 


Dodge 
Vanderlyn 
Wood 
Wheeler 


Wood 
Earl . 
Sully 


Wood 
Longacre . 


Waldo . 


Wood 
Jarvis 
Earl . 


347 


CHECK LIST 
ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
. Longacre . 2009 
Pelton . 2503 
Allen . 34 
. Seymour . 2890 
Gridley . 1185 
Tiebout . 3211 
Maverick . 2264 
Harrison . 1315 
Edwin «939 
. Lavigne . . 1675 
. Longacre . 2010 
Throop . , . 3156 
. Jocelyn-Munson . . 1541 
. Annin & Smith age SOR 
- Danforth » 444-45 
Kneass . 1649 
. Willard . . 3374 
. Edwin 924, 
. Durand . 599 
Akin . 16 
Childs 347 
. Edwin P 784: 
. Hdwin-Murray 855 | 
. Danforth 446 
. Dearborn ATA 
. Durand . es 600 
Fairman & Childs 989 
Gimbrede 1055-57 
Goodman & Piggot . . 1140 
. Harrison , . 1287 
. Kearny = bee 
. Kelly . . 1607 
Longacre . 2014, 2020 
. Longacre . 2012 
Longacre - 2015, 2018 
. Longacre 2013, 2016-17 
. Longacre . 2011, 2019 
. Maverick . 2208 
Mawerick . 2209 
. Moore . 2276 
. Phillips . . 2541 
Pru@homme . 2583 
Reed & Stiles . . 2652 


ITEM 
Jackson, Andrew . 


Jackson, David . 
Jackson, James 
Jaebbs Bi ow ee Vege 
James I— England 
James II—England . 
James, Thomas C. . 
James River, Va. . 
Jay, John . 


Jay, William 
Jefferson, Joseph . 


Jefferson, J., and F. Blisset 
Jefferson, Thomas 


INDEX 


ARTIST 
Wood 
Wood 


Robertson . 


Wood 
Fraser . 
Stuart 
Fairman 
Stuart 
Stuart 
Stuart . 
Bramwhite 
Neagle . 


Leslie 


(Caricature) . 


Peale 
Peale 
Stuart 


Stuart 


(Caricature) . 


Otis . 
Stuart 


Smith 
Otis . . 
Stuart 


Savage . 
Peale 


348 


CHECK LIST 
ENGRAVER NUMBERS 

W.D. Smith . 2955 

. Steel . . 3009 
. Strickland . . 3048 
Tanner & Co. . 8111 
Willard « wl Sere 

. Bdwin. . . Gea eeeoe 
. Maverick » « » 2210 
. Annin oo 3. Ve ees 
. Scot & Allardice . . 2860 
. Scot & Allardice . . . 2861 
Neagle . « 2305 
Childs... \. 22 G.ieees 

. Darand . . «#mibgeeees 
Hooker . . « 1442 

. Leney 1789 —90 
Maverick . 2211 
Tiebout . . . 3179 

. Durand... « « Gene 
Edwin). 2." CORRS 
Johnston : . 1488 
Edwin 3). 3 koe eT: 
Akin. .. to Apes 

. Akin& Harrison. . . 17% 
. Hdwin» «29. ene 
» Bdwitt«. 160 aa ae 
. Edwin . 788, 855 
. Field . . 1001 
Field . . - 1005 
Gimbrede 1058-59 
Gridley . . 1180 

. Harrison . 1988 
Kelly . . 1608 

. Longacre 2021-23 
. Longacre : - 2025 
. Longacre-Meyer . . 2024 
Maverick . 2219 

. Neagle . 2306 
. Pelton . 2504 
. Pelton . . 2530 
. Rawdon . . 2637 
. Savage . 2746 
. Scoles . 2787 
Tanner . 3094 
Tiebout . + Leg 
Tiebout . 3180-81 


ITEM 
Jefferson, Thomas 


Jemappe, Battle of 
Jenkins, John . 


Jenyns, Soame . 
Jerningham, Edward 


Jerusalem 


Jesus Christ . 


John Bull at Alexandria 


John Bull and Brother Jona- 


than . a 
John Bull and Columbia 
John Bull in Cockpit 
John Bull in Distress 
John Bull’s Frolic 
John Bull and Hornets . 
John Bull and the Wasp 
John Bull,Wasp and Hornets 
John Bull at Baltimore . 
John Bull at New Orleans . 
John Bulland Perry. . . 
John Bull and Ship-Baker 
Johnson, Richard M. 


Johnson, R. M., Charge of 
Johnson, Samuel, of N. Y. 
Johnson, Samuel 


Johnston, Josiah S. 
Jones, Absalom 


INDEX 


ARTIST 


Buck 
Craig 
Craig 


Correggio . 
Guido 


(Caricature) . 


(Caricature) . 
(Caricature) . 
(Caricature) . 
(Caricature) . 
(Caricature) . 
(Caricature) . 
(Caricature) . 
(Caricature) . 
(Caricature) . 
(Caricature) . 
(Caricature) . 
(Caricature) . 


Wood 
Wood 


Reynolds . 
Brown . 
King 


Peale 
349 


CHECK LIST 


ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
Willard . 3376-77 
Woodruf’ . . 3406 
Tisdale . 3270 

. Leney . 1791 

. Maverick . 2213 

. Houston . 1459 

. Leney . 1792 
Kelly . . 1634 

. Main . . 2164 
Gimbrede . 1106 

. Paradise . 2416 
Pekenino ... . . 2458 
CLROTIORL aire. i, SIE 
RGSS SO a 4 eS 
ageless ee RS 
Charles? icc. ts $ gore eBI9 
Dootittie.... {2 308, .c00584 
Thackara 3152 
Charlee 6 2 a. 880 
Charles: 0 aretha B21 
Chariog. 4) 8 eeeeeG 
Charles 317 
Charles 318 
Charles 322 
Charles . 315 

. Harrison 1280 
Neagle 9307 

. Rawson . 2638 

. Leney : . « 1794 

ee os Oa eS Tok IS 

. Edwin 790-92 

. Fairman pal 990 
Goodman & Piggot . . 1141 

. iil ; . 1371 

. Kelly . 1609 

. Leney 1793 

. Longacre 1980 

. Maverick 2014 

. Pelton . 2505 

. Schwartz . « 2766 
Scoles 2788-89 
Steel . . 3010 

. Longacre 2027 

. Jones . . 1519 


ITEM 


Jones, George 
Jones, Jacob 


Jones, John . 
Jones, John Paul . 


Jones, Sir William 
Jones Falls, Md. 
Jonson, Ben . 
Josephus Flavius . 


Judgment Hall, Jerusalem 


Judson, Ann H. 


Juniata River 
Junius . 


Jura Mountains 
Justice 


Kaffir Woman 

Kean, Charles 

Kean, Edmund . 
Keith, Isaac Stockton 
Kelly, Lydia 

Kelly, Mrs. 


Kemble, John Philip . 


Kemble, Mrs. S. 
Kemp, James 
Ken, Thomas 


Kennedy, William M. 


Kent, James . 
Kenton, Simon . 
Kenyon College 
Kilpin, S. . 
Killarney, Lake 
King, Rufus 


INDEX 


ARTIST 
A gate 
Peale 


Peale 
Peale 


Devis 
Shaw 


Rogers . 
Rogers . 


Doughty 


Corbould . 
Corbould . 


Neagle . 
Smith 

Neagle . 
DeWilde 
Stuart . 
DeWilde 


Peale 


Loggan . 
Spencer 
Morgan 
Nash 


Stuart 
Wood 
350 


CHECK LIST 


ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
. Durand . 603 
. EHdwin 193 
. Delleker . 480 
. Leney 1795 
. Longacre - 2026 

Paradise . 2401 
. Pru@homme . 2584 
. Rawdon & Co. 2643 
. Haines 1203 

Hill 1343 
. Longacre 2140 
. Durand . 604 

Maverick . 2215 

Neagle 2308 
. Scoles . 2790 
. W.D. Smith . 2956 
. Peabody . . 2422 

Cone . 421 

Dodson . 493 
. Longacre . 2028 
. Ellis 978 
. Anderson 55 

Pekenino . 2448 
. Seymour - 2890 

Clarke 418 
. Scoles . 2852 
. Goodman 1121 
. Jocelyn-Munson . . . 1542 

Goodman & Piggot . . 1142 
. Longacre . 2029 
. Leney 1796 

Edwin 795 
. Houston . 1460 
. Leney 1797 
. Schwartz . 2767 
. Humphrys . . 1471 

W.D. Smith . 2957 
. Durand . 605 
. Dodson . 494 
. Hamm 1259 

Jocelyn . 1543 
. Harrison . 1296 
. Kelly . 1610 

Leney 1798 


ITEM 
King Henry VI 
Kneeland, Abner . 
Knight, Nehemiah R. 
Knowles, James D. 
Knox, Henry 


Knox, John . 

Knox, Vicesimus . 
Koenigstein, Saxony . 
Kollock, Henry 
Kosciuszko, Thaddeus 


Kosciuszko’s Monument 
Kotzebue, A. F. F. von. 
Koutousoff, Prince 


‘La Couture, Madame 
Lafayette, Marquis de 


Laight, Col., Camp of 
Lake Champlain, Battle of 
Lake Erie, Battle of . 


INDEX 


ARTIST 


Miller 
Young . 
Doyle 
Peale 
Stuart 
Savage . 
Oliver 
Douglass 


Grassi 


Scheffer 
Ingham 
Scheffer 
Scheffer 


Paon 
Peale 


Reinagle 


351 


CHECK LIST 


ENGRAVER | NUMBERS 
- Michel-Leney . . 1909 
ET aera. ates Re SL 
. Sanford . . 2739 
CHOI ire he BET 
Edwin . 197, 796 
Longacre ... . . 2030 
Normans. 6b 0 2 38 REBT 
Pru@homme .. . . 2585 
«2 SAVAGO rhe in it hy hg QIAT 
. Rollinson . .. . . 2719 
on MOLI es tee”, Sake iA POLY 
if DPOYION ed 2 a A 
. Longacre 2031-32 
Cherkaic® stk Me et AO? 
Froustone es 6 PAB 
DeGes its ie Canais ole 8701 
FS ee’ Ti ee oe B42 
Charen is. a 4. eee aS 
Hoa apne soap iO} 
Pain wh Rees 79s 
Maverick 204 404i v 2016 
Smither . . . . . « 2976 
. Annin & Smith 95-96 
Clarkes. 6 a ke 404 
Danforth .... . 447 
« Danforth. <..%.° 4 22) (AAS 
. Durand . « se 606-7 
. Fairman-Childs . . . 348 
A C1 here area eitnaes gear be V0 
- Hoogland ... . . 1425 
Ce TR COERG Co PRS Tete bes 
. Longacre... . . «2083 
. S. Maverick . 2268, 71 
PUM avariok =. -« «5 QRht 
eon NV OFIRGR Ss de ee BSS 
SpE Oa ie altel, 4 ee 


Pete eee NEO 
PErking ceo oe 1 ee BESS 
Tanner: “ese 6, 66 8005 


Willard . . ..% . 3378 
. Woodruff ... . . 3403 
. Kneass-Young . . . 1662 
Reed. vs.» wrt 6 2659 
Maverick 9934-35 


ITEM ARTIST 

Lake Erie, Battle of . te earny 

Lake George Cole ; 

Lake George, Battle of . Blodget 

Lake Ontario pe Mais 

Lambton, William H. Hickel . 

Landscape 

Lander, John 

Lander, Richard . to ene hae 

Landing at Jamestown . Chapman . 

Landsdown, Pa. . Birch 

Lane, George 

Langhans’ Tomb 

Lapland : 

Lapland Lady . 

Lapland Magical Drum 

Laplanders 

Laplanders, Dress ap! ne eae 

Larned, Sylvester . Metcalf 

Last Supper, The . da Vinei 

Lathrop, John . 

Laurens, Henry pe ae 
Peale 

Laurens, Martha . 

Lauretta . 

Lavater, J. C. 

Lavinia 

Lavoisier, Antoine L. °. es asm 

Lawrence, James . Stuart 
Stuart 
Stuart 

Lawrence, Death of Capt. 

Lawrence Monument Pai tite yk Sits 

Lawrence Benevolent Soc., Pa. (Certificate) . 

Lay, Benjamin . gh ee oe 

Leavitt, Jonathan . Wentworth 

Lee, Henry . Stuart 

Lee, Richard Henrys 


INDEX 


352 


ENGRAVER 


Murray & Co. 


Sanford . 
Chapin 
Maverick 


. Johnston 


Harrison 


. Leney 


Murray . 
Pru@homme 


. Pru@homme 
. Danforth 


Birch . 
Paradise 
Tiebout . 
Maverick 
Kneass 
Kneass 
Kneass 
Akin . 


. Durand . 


Kearny 
Edwin 
Edwin 


. Neagle 
. Norman . 


Dodson . 
Revere 
Hill 
Graham . 


. Hill 


Edwin 


. Edwin 


Edwin 
Leney 


. Rollinson : 
Reed & Stiles . 


Strickland . 


. Rawdon . 
. Harrison 


Strickland . 
Dawkins 
Kneass 


. Jocelyn . 
. Pru@homme 


Ellis. . 


CHECK LIST 
NUMBERS 


2288-89 
. 2742 
eet 
. 9243 
. 1501 
. 1816 
. 1799 
. 2291 
. 2586 
. 2687 

456 

. 200 
. 2402 
. 3212 
. 9245 
. 1666 
. 1668 
. 1667 
a7 
608 


1582-83 


799 
800 


ITEM 


Lee, Richard Henry . 


Leffingwell, William . 


LeKain, Henri Louis 
LeoX . A 
LeoXII .. 


Lesley, Alexander _ 
Lesley, David 
Lewes, Lee 

Lewis, Francis 
Lewis, Meriwether 
Lewis, Morgan . 


Lewis, William . 


Lewis, William Thomas . 
Lexington-Concord Battle . 


Lexington Battle . 


Lexington Green, Mass. 
Liberty as Goddess of Youth . 


Lincoln, Benjamin 


Linn, John Blair 
Lipari Volcano 
Livermore, Harriet 


Livingston, Brockholst . 
Livingston, John H. . 


Livingston, Philip 


Livingston, Robert R. 


Livingston, Henry— Residence 
Livingston Saw Mill . 
Livingston Monument 


Loch Leven . 
Locke, John . 


-Logan, James 


Logan ee Chief . 


London 


INDEX 


353 


CHECK LIST 


ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
Maverick-Longacre 
; 2034, 2218 
Ri ooh ame Willard .-. . « . «8379 
Jocelyn Jocelyn ... . . . . 1545 
seiGReEe ¢ diate. erg ld he B05 
Hedin coed A S808 
ae eee Longacre ... . . 2035 
Villeneuve Steer wae ta 48 7 BOTT 
Jansen . Tiebout™ 6 0. 0, 8183 
pa oe ev Oe TUONO oe BSS 
DeWilde DORR OS cab i ee BO} 
Saree tabs Wright 2. eRe R SL 
St. Memin . Strickland . . . . . 8050 
Herring <Dardnd... (emo e608 
Herring . Paradise .. . . 2403 
Stuart Gnade & Piggat +. . 1143 
ee ae « LhOUstON a . 1462 
Earle . Doolittle ... - 526- 29 
Se iieais Doolitile-Barber . . 525 
Tisdale . 5 PROB ORR sx o47 16 taciew 1 seen 
apices Go SARE baa pe gb! Fads po pak wee 
Savage . ; eBatage 5 TB 
ere g ts 3 . Norman << . wo... 2840 
Sargent . J.R. Smith. . . . . 2924 
: . Tanner ety 8). 8096 
cp ae eal S. Pannen oe see Shae 
Waldo& Jewett Longacre . . . . . 2036 
Martin . . Pru@homme .. . . 2589 
ivan 73 so WAR BS ae ee ote ae. 
Stuart 0 PAP ATOTE Fie 6 OR ee TEBO 
Longacre . . . . . 2087 
Pelion 24 VR Se 2006 
Longacre ... . s » 2038 
ro ene Pru@homme .. . . 2590 
. Stuart i GPG ES aks sn BG 
DONO. 2 ce er eS ARP IBOS 
bog ERENT Tiebout. . . Wo . SQTh 
Livingston Tiebout 2's wes O8Q15 
Lenhart Wagner... . . . S347 
Seymour. . . . . . 2889 
ji aps » BAD FES Fer SOT 
Kneller . . Harrison .. . .. .*s 1281 
Longacre .. . . . 2039 
Anderson... MARR VSB 
Harrison: 4) 425 2 RGF 


ITEM 


Lottery—Waite’s . 
Louis IX—France 
Louis XIII—France . 
Louis XI V—France 
Louis XVI—France . 


Louis X VI and Marie Antoi- 


nette AMER Eb 
Louis X VI—France . 


Louis X VIII—France . 


Louisbourg . 
Lowth, Robert . 


Loyola, Ignatius 
Luther, Martin 


Lyman, Joseph 
Lynch, Thomas, Jr. . 
Lynnhaven Bay, Va. 
Lyon, Patrick . 


Lystra, Ky. 


McCrea, Jane 
McCrie, Thomas 


McFarland, Francis F. . 


“McFingal,” Trumbull’s 
McHenry, James . 


McJilton, Daniel . 
McKean, Thomas . 


McKendree, William 


McKnight, Dr. . 
McLane, Louis . 


INDEX 


ARTIST 


Shaw 


Holbein © 


Jageman 
Kranach 


Shaw 
Neagle . 


Smirke . 
Ritchie . 
Wood 
Dunlap 


(Illustrations) 
(Illustrations) 


Jackson 
Stuart 
Stuart 
King 
Jarvis 
Paradise 


Newton 


B54 


CHECK List 


ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
Humphrys . . . . . 1474 
Bowes oy > 


Smither 2 3) ti. ae 
Smtther 200° (28 ems 
Edwin .écnbveer bees 


Edwin... sms Ga a eee 
Willard ..- . «4 4/8885 
Edwin © o> ierets, 5B 
Willard . . 3 vos 8885 


Pelham... 4 ind es 


Edwin... Sia eee 
Chorley. oxen AeBee 
Clarke... han sees 
Bowen hss ia eae ee 
Eckstein . . . . . 684 
Edwin int ae TE Re 
Longacre ... . . 2040 
Rawdon wo ick nA RGB 
Scobewwr, . soe 5 REE 
Snyder: 2d) setts 2 RROOs 
W.D.Smith . . ... 2958 


. Pelton ive eee 


Longacre ... . . 2041 


. Hib. ea 
. Kelly... . ogee eae 
. Akin... i eee 


Tanner is} sae ae Sse 


« Atte. 5 eee TA 


Tucker. 6-9" so -8 ae eee 


. Edwin sk see 
. Beney:.:. alias. apeeeeieGs 


Tisdale . . . . 3261-3268 
Willard . . .°.. «8398 
Longacre . . . « « 2042 


. Piggott. «aa. aaa 


Edwin ts sat ite BS 
Longacre .. . . . 2043 
Tiebout >...» oes BIBS 


. Edwin... . tee ae 


Gimbrede . .. . . 1062 
Longacre ... . » 2044 
Leney «teies) ai end eee 


. Kelly... i 


ITEM 


McLean Asylum, Mass. . 
McLeod, Alexander . 


MeNiece, John . 
McNeil, John 


Macdonough, ‘Thomas 


Macdonough Farmhouse 
Macdonough’s Victory . 


Macready, William C. 


Macgregor, Rob Roy 


Macklin, Charles 
Ma-Nuncue . 


Macomb, Alexander . 


Macpherson Blues 


Maewhorter, Alexander 


Madison, Dorothy T. P. . 


Madison, James 


_ Maelstrom, The 
Maffitt, John N. 


Magdalama, Queen 


Maine, Map of . 


Malbone, Edward G. 


Malherbe, Francois 
Manchester, Duke of 
Manheim Family, The 
Mannets, Joseph M. . 


Manning, James 
Mansfield, Earl of 


° 


INDEX 


355 


CHECK LIST 

ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
Billing . - G.G. Smith . 2913 
Waldo & Jewett Durand . . 610 
Bailie Leney . 1805 
Willard Pelton . 2508 
Lewis . Annin 15 
ee Delleker . . 481 
Jarvis Gimbrede . 1061 
Gimbrede . 1060 

Reed & Stiles . . 2658 

a ae ae Strickland . . 3051 
Reinagle Childs 367 
Corne Hoogland . 1437 
Reinagle Tanner . 3134 
.» Neagle . Durand . 611 
Inman . Durand . . 612 
Jackson . Longacre - 2045 
Kneass-Young . 1654 

i: Edwin 816 
Paradise Durand . . G14 
Sully Longacre . 2046 
Barralet Lawson . . 1693 
aeneehs Leney . 1806 
Stuart Edwin Stats tebe 
Otis . Goodman & Piggot . . 1144 
Wood . Prud@homme . 2591 
Stuart Edwin Sli 
Sully Edwin 818 
v3 88 em aha ts Edwin-Murray . 855 
Gimbrede . . Jones . ; . 1521 
Stuart Jones . . 1520 
Stuart . Leney . 1807-8 
Otis . . Neagle . 2310 
Rawdon . . 2637 

dats Willard . . 3380 
Livingston Tiebout . 3216 
Hill . Kelly . . 1614 
ina Vee! Re Tiller . . 3249 
. Carleton Norman . . 2362 
Gimbrede . 1063 

Peer ie Hill . 1378 
Peters Leney . 1809 
Folwell . Maverick . 2262 
Durand . «618 

Hamlin . . 1235 

Haines . 1204 


ITEM 


Manutius, Aldus 

Mara, Madame . 
Marat, Death of 
Marcus Sextus . 
Mareschal, Ambrose 
Maria Cristina,— Spain 


Maria Louisa—France . 
Marie Antoinette— France 


Mariner, Mr. .. . 


Market St. Bridge, Phila. 
Marlborough, Duke of . 


Marmont, A. F. L. V. 
Mars, Mademoiselle . 
Marsden, Joshua 
Marshall, John . 


Martin, John E. 
Martin, Luther 
Martindale, S. 
Martyn, Henry 


Martyr, Mrs. ‘ 
Mary, Queen of Scots 


Maryland Paper Money 
Mason, John M. 


Mason, William 
Masonic Certificate 


Masonic Frontispiece 
Masonicus . 
Massachusetts, Arms of 
Massachusetts, Map of . 
Massachusetts Bay 


Massachusetts Commission 


INDEX 


ARTIST 
Fouquel 
Guerin . 
Tilyard 


Guerand 
Birch 


Paradise 
Paul . 
Inman 
Wood 
Martin . 


Paradise 


. _DeWilde 


Graham 
Zuccaro 


Jarvis 


Robertson . 


Gardner 


Porter . 


Massachusetts General Hospital . 


356 


CHECK LIST 


ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
. Edwin. 2) ea. eee 
. Leney © . 5k ee 
Graham... 2 ee 
Hooker .: sy settee iae eee 
. Longacre / . . . , 2047 
. Hoogland . .. . . 1426 
. Edwin oo! Ges ee ee 
Leney 5! as Ge eee 
Willard . 3 = eee 
. Bowen® so 2 eee 
Seymour... . . 2885 
Gimbrede . . .. . . 1064 
Tanner& Co. . .'. . 3118 
Jocelyn-Munson . . . 1546 


Gimbrede ... . . 1065 
Hdwit oo. > 2 oe ee eee 


Durand... © es G16 
. Kearny |. aie eee 
Scoles’) .. <3 eae 
Bdwin—. . 600 ASS 
W.D.Smith . . . . 2959 
Oook 00:5. cts. eee 
Longacre ... . . 2048 


. Pru@homme .. . . 2592 
.. Loney 5 “se eee 
. Longacre ... . . . 2049 


. « Letey eae eee 
. Sparrow. . . . « . 2998 
Durand sO 
Graham). =. se Te 
Rollinson . . . . . QT14 
Bowee 4. kN a eee 
Edwin -. we". eres 
Doolittle. °°. .\ , Waiseene 


. Hurd... ot ae 


Longacre ... . . 2154 


. Revere <ive. aeeeoee 
. Rollinson . 
. Scot. <u Sao 
. Leney wo. save eee 


Q725—Q7 


Trenchard . .. . . 38280 
Callender .... . 298 


. Strickland . . . . . 3072 
. Hurd » 1. eee 
. Annin& Smith . . . 110 


INDEX 


CHECK LIST 
ITEM ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
Massachusetts General Hospital Penniman . Bowen . 230 
Massachusett Loan Certificate Hurd . . 1479 
Massachusetts Medical College Annin tee BSB 
Massena, André pe. Tanner &Co. . . . . 3113 
Massinger, Philip . Longacre ... . . 2140 
eh hl . Paradise *. . . . « 2404 

Master of Ships, Society of Barralet RR a ASB 
Mastoden, The . res, Peale 2 MS See. dee EAGT 
Mather, Cotton Pelham . « POURRA EBD 
Mather, Increase . Bomts GF 
Johnson . . . . «... 1500 

Pelion .... . . 2509 

Mather, Richard HOM ET SS a ee ORD 
Mathews, J. McF. . Waldo & Jewett DURORE Fag 8 Oi eo ee ED 
Matlock High Torr eee ORR ee ng ROG 
Matteawan, N.Y. . v sag bt ed WP y tes te. ak . 1344 
Matthews, Charles Johnston . Johnston 1489 — 91 
<7 eae Sooles ee eT 

Matthias, 1B. es ; Paradise Derand? 3.0. areas 
Mauch Chunk Coal Woks . Doolittle .... . . 8836 
Mavor, William Tiebout 2.05 600 2 5 S186 
Mayhew, Jonathan . Jennys.” .. ease Eels 
zi see ae ~ + LEVSTE?”.. OPA 5 RAROTD 

Mead, Richard. . Ramsay ‘FORGES Lo et RR eae 
Medici, Lorenzo de yaar’ s! .. Bdwin: osaseecnl eo Ree 
Mechanics Benevolent Soc. (Certificate) . Murray . . . . . . 2292 
Meigs, Return Jonathan Lawrence . Longacre .. . . . 2050 
Mellimelni, Suliman . ETN Ss, Bawin, | 2 3ees4, 825 
Melmoth, Mrs. . Dunlap . Tiebout.. . soy eo BS18T 
Melville, H. Oe Longacre §. 3 . = «9188 
Memphis, Egypt Craig HOH A OP 2 es ee ies 
Mendenhall Ferry, Pa. . Birch as ES EPETE SS GR let ee eee 
Mendelssohn, Moses . HST oa BON Se 
“Mercury” : a ke a , Anessa.) tara ae 
Merion Meeting Pie: Pa. Reinagle « Wheel oo. . renin Wo ORD 
Merry, Robert . IO STAT ee 2 ee ore 
Merry, Mrs. . Baty OS a ee ee 
ap aaa ae OREO es Ft ae 

DeWilde 6 DOREY CO Te paren Deke 

Mervin, Samuel Paradise Paradise... . . 2405 
Michel Angelo . Piombo . Pisbout 22) 2 ae SLE 
Mico-Chlucco Bartram. . Trenchard. . . « . 3815 
Middle Colonies (Map) . « Parner. (ese? jl eson 
Middleton, Arthur West . Longacre ... . . 2051 
Middleton, Mr. . Roberts 5, AOA G SF RS ake aha a 


357 


ITEM 
Mifflin, ‘Thomas 
Milan, Italy . 
Militia Muster . 
Milledoler, Philip . 
Miller, Edward 
Miller, Miss . 
Milnor, James 
Milton, John 


Minisink, Pa. 

Minot, G. R. , 
Minshull, John . 3 
Mirza, Aboo Al Hassan . 
Mitchell, Edward . 
Mitchell, Samuel L. 
Mitchell, Mr. . 
Mitchell’s Lighthouse 
Mitered Minuet 

Modern Dandies 

Modern Spectacles 
Mohawk River . 

Molay, Jacques de 
Moliére : 
Moncrif, F. A. P. . 
Monmouth, James Duke 


Monmouthshire, England . 


Monroe, James . 


Montagu, Elizabeth R. . 
Montagu, Mary W. 
Montgomery, James . 


INDEX 


ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
Stuart Bridport . 295 
Giosafatti . . Horton . 1451 
Me day ee Anderson 70 
Waldo& Jewett Durand . 619 
a Tn, ste . Leney 1819-20 
DeWilde . Leney . 1818 
Waldo §& Jewett Durand . 620 
oop Ula: nS ean ee 57 
Haines . 1205 
BBs eee . Hamm . 1256 
Cooper . . Hoogland . 1427 
. Johnston . 1492 
Longacre . 2135 
. Norman . . 2341 
Pekenino . 2449 
. Pru@homme . 2593 
at a, ened . Scoles . 2794 
Hoffman . Scoles » 2834 
Harris . 1276 
. Scoles » 2795 
6s 2 a clinenn tae eee . 827 
Waldo & Jewett Maverick . 2219 
Jarvis . Durand . - 621 
Weaver Scoles . 2796 
Inderwick . . Leney 1889 
opal so Vis. eee ie 2688 
(Caricature). Charles . 335 
(Caricature). Charles . 338 
Livingston Tiebout . 3217 
Baquoy Tanner. . . 3098 
baat cs Clarke 406 
Hill 1371 
ea ae . Scoles - 2821 
Pocock . » ITC Ee aes 154 
~ 2 e « . 6 Hdwin-Murray 855 
Vanderlyn . Durand . >! Ae O22 
Vanderlyn Gimbrede 1066-67 
King Goodman & Piggot . . 1145 
Otis . . Goodman & Piggot . . 1146 
Vanderlyn . Peabody . 2418 
be pre Es . 3381 
. Edwin . 828 
. Smither . . 2979 
Pp are . Bowen sh: 
Chantry . Jones . - 1523 


358 


CHECK LIST 


ITEM 
Montgomery, Richard . 


INDEX 


ARTIST 


Peale 


Montgomery, Richard, Death of . 


Montibello, Md. 
Monticello, Va. 
Montmorenci Falls 


Montpelier, Va. 
Montreal, Canada . 
Moore, Alfred . 
Moore, Benjamin. . . 


Moore, Richard Channing . 


Moore, 'Thomas 


Moorhead, John 
More, Hannah . 


Moreau, Victor 


Morgan, Daniel 


Moring, Christopher S. . 
Morris, Gouverneur 
Morris, Robert . 
Morris, Mrs. ; 
Moses and the Tablets 
Mosque Sultan Ahmed . 
Mott, Valentine 
Moultrie, William 
Mouina ; 

Mount Blanc. 


Mount Carbon, Pa. . 
Mount Etna pebeand 


Mount Etna, Eruptionof . 


Birch 


Doughty 


Chapman . 


Jarvis. 
Jarvis 
Inman 
Dunlap 
Sieurac 


Haines . 


Pelham . 


° ° 


Peckersgill 


Svinin 


Peale 


Trumbull . 


Cooke 
Sully 
Tucker 
Inman . 


Porter . 


ENGRAVER 
Edwin 
Norman . 
Norman . 
Birch . 
Durand . 
Childs 
Cooke 
Pru@’homme 
Aitken 
Neagle 
Edwin 
Edwin 


. Paradise 
. Dodson . 
. Maverick 


Anderson 
Edwin 
Ellis 
Gimbrede 


. Haines . 


Longacre 


. Maverick 
- Pelham 


Ellis 


. Pelton 
. Annin 


Scoles 


Tanner & Co. 


Hdwin 


. Pru@homme 
- Danforth 


Longacre 


. Longacre 


Johnston 


. Kearny 


Scoles 
Durand . 


. Fairman 
. Strickland . 
. Maverick 


Tanner 


. J.R. Smith 


Kearny . 
Tiebout . 
Savage 


CHECK LIST 
NUMBERS 
. TO1 

- 2342 

- 2363 

202 

680 


. 2197 
. 3114 
. 832 
. 2594 
. 449 
. 2052 
2053-54 
. 1493 
. 1584 
. 2835 
623 

. 991 
. 3073 
. 2246 
. 3135 
. 2936 
. 1588 
. $218 
. 2760 


ITEM 
Mount Joliet 


Mount Pleasant, Mass. 


Mount Rosa . 


Mount Sidney, Pa. 
Mount Vernon, Va. 


Mourgeon, Peter 
Muhlenberg, G. H. E. 
Muhlenberg, Henry M. . 


Muhlenberg, Peter 


Muir, Thomas 

Mulgrave, Lord 
Munson, Aineas 
Murat, Joachim 


Murray, Alexander 


Murray, John 


Murray, Lindley 


Murray, Mr. 
Muscipula 


Mushanon River, Pa. 


Musidora . 


Mystic River Bridge, Mass. 


Nahant Hotel, Mass. 


Nahe Rock 


Naples, Italy . 


Napoleon Bonaparte 


INDEX 


ARTIST 


Inman . 
Birch 
Birch 
Birch 
Birch 


(Card of) . 
Peale 


Peale 
Jennys . 
Wood 
Wood 
Westoby 
Reynolds . 
Durand 
Penniman 


Craig 


David 
David 
Terrigi . 


360 


ENGRAVER 
Maverick 


. Hill 

- Scoles 

- Maverick 
. Birch . 

- Birch . 

- Parkyns . 
. Seymour 


Tucker 


. St. Memin 


CHECK LIST 
NUMBERS 


~ 2247 
. 1409 
. 2836 
. 2248 
- 203 
- 204 
~ 2417 
. 2883 
. 3327 
. 2738 


Goodman & Piggot . . LAT 


. Annin & Smith 
- Smither . 
. Steel . 


Tucker 


- Scoles 


Yeager 


- Jocelyn . 
- Rollinson 


Tanner & Co. 


. Edwin 


Willard . 


. Annin 

- Bowen 

. Hill 

- Durand . 
. Leney 

. Savage 

. Bowes 

. Durand . 
. Hill 


. Annin & Smith 


Harrison 
Campbell 


. Drayton 
. Allen . 

. Boudier . 
- Hdwin 


Gimbrede 


. Hooker . 
. Houston 

. Humphreys 
. Kelly . 

. Leney 


- 106 
. 2980 
- 3012 
. 3310 
. 2798 
. 3423 
. 1547 
. 2720 
. 3113 
833 

. 3382 
17 

. 216 
. 1376 
- 624 
. 1821 
. 2762 
242 

. 683 
. 1408 


y 
s aT 
. 1298 


ote BOD 
. 834-37 
1069-71 
. 1444 
. 1457 
. 1470 
. 1615 
- 1822 


ITEM 
Napoleon Bonaparte 


Napoleon Entering Paris 


Napoleon, Frangois Chas. Jos. 


Napoli di Romania 
Narina 
Nassau Hall, N. ey 


National Hotel, Washington . 


Natural Bridge, Va. . 
Naval Battle, Guadaloupes 


Naval Commission, U. S. 
Naval Monument . 
Nation’s Bulwark . 
Necker, Jacques 

Neill, William . 

Nelson, Horatio 


Nettleton, A. 
Nevins, William 


New Edinburgh Racyclopetin 
New England Psalm-Singer . 


‘New England 

New Haven, Conn. 

New Jersey, Arms of 

N. H. Mechanics Assoc. 
New Orleans, La. . : 
New Orleans, Battle of . 


New Orleans Orphans’ Asylum 


New York City 
View of 


INDEX 


ARTIST 


David 


Isabey 


Smith 


Otis . 
Hoppner 
Inman . 


(Map) . 
Barber . 


(Map) . 


Seymour 
West 
Know 


Wall 
361 


ENGRAVER 
Longacre 


- Pekenino 
. Roberts . 
. Scoles 

. Smither . : 
Willard-Rawdon 


Willard . 


- Sanford . 


Gimbrede 


. Longacre 


Kearny 
Scoles 
Dawkins 


. Longacre 
. Drayton . 


Trenchard . 


- Dawkins 

. Eckstein , 
2 woo... Akin & Harrison 
(Title-page) . : 
(Caricature) . 


Annin 
Clay 


. Hill 
. Nesmith . 
. Pru@homme 


Rollinson 


. Scoles 


Tanner & Co. . 


. Pelton 
. Paradise 
ane : 


Edwin 
Revere 


. Foster 


Willard . 


SOR ee senha 
(Certificate) . 
. Leney 
. Hoogland 
. Scacki 
. Scoles 
. Steel . 


Wightman . 


Yeager 
Hill 


. Hill 
. Maverick 


CHECK LIST 
NUMBERS 


2055-57 
- 2457 
- 2700 
. 2799 
- 2972 

. 3384 
_ 3383, 3385 
. 2743 
. 1072 
. 2058 
. 1576 
. 2853 
. 466 
. 2153 
- 545 
. 3294 
464 
688 
24, 

86 

. 398 
. 1377 
. 2318 
. 2595 
. 2715 
. 2800 
. S112 
. 2511 
. 2407 
. 933 
. 2690 
. 1010 
. 3399 
. 3279 
. 3362 
. 1893 
. 1438 
. 2764 
. 2837 
. 3031 
. 3433 
. 1346 


. 1340 
. 2249 


ITEM 


View of 


Planof . 


Almshouse 
Arms of State 


Battery, The . 
Battery, View from 
Bay of New York . 


Broadway 


Castle Garden 
Christ Church 
City Hall . 


Coffee House Slip . 
College of Physicians 
Columbia College . 


Congregational Church . 


Exchange, The . 
Federal Hall 


Fire of 1835 . 
Fulton St. Market . 
Government House 
Grace Church 
Hospital 


Jews’ Synagogue 
Merchants’ Exchange 
Masonic Hall 

New City Tavern 
New Theatre 

Park Row 


Pilots’ Charitable Soc. . 


Prison . 


INDEX 
ARTIST 

Wood 

Birch 

Hooker 

Bridges 

Taylor . 


Busby 


Drayton 
Birch 


Burton . 
Horner 
Stansbury 
Cummings 


Forrest 
Wilcow . 


Stansbury 
West 
Anderson . 
(Card of) . 


Davis 
Lacour . 


Bayley . 
Murray 
(Card of) . 
Davis 
Davis 
Davis 


Burton . 


(Certificate) . 
. Fox 


Mangin . 
362 


ENGRAVER 


. Rollinson 
. Seymour 


St.Memin . 


- Hooker . 
. Maverick 
. Roberts . 


Tiebout . 


. Hooker . 
. Dawkins 


Trenchard . 


. Hill 


Tucker 


- Bennett . 
. Leney 


W. D. Smith 


. Bennett . 
. Hill ; 
. Rawdon & Co . 
» Steshe 

. Pru@homme 
. Pru@Vhomme 


Tiebout . 


. Danforth 
. Leney 

. Tiebout 
. Maverick : 
. Rawdon & Co. . 


Yeager 


. Doolittle 
. Hill 


Tiebout . 


. Bennett . 

. Bennett . 

. NScoles 

. Pru@homme 
. Leney 


Tisdale 
W.D. Smith 
W.D. Smith 
W.D. Smith 
Tisdale 


. Tisdale 


W. D. Smith 
Hoogland 


CHECK LIST 
NUMBERS 


. 2723 

. 2884 
2735-36 
. 1448 

. 2250 

. 2702 
3291-22 
. 1447 

. 462 

. 3280 

. 1387 

. 3327 
124 

. 1890 

. 2970 
126 

. 1895 

. 2644 

. 3023 

. 2625 

. 2624, 

. 3223 

. 459 

. 1891 

. 3205 

. 2238 

. 2645 

. 3432 

. 533 

. 1403 

. 3209 

. 140-41 
. 137 

. 2832 

. 2626 

. 1892 

. 3260 

. 2967 

. 2967 

. 2967 

. 3259 

. 3258 

. 2969 

. . 1440 
1013-14 


ITEM 


Quarantine 
Rotunda, The 


Rutgers’ Medical Golleze 


St. John Chapel 

St. Matthew’s Church 
St. Paul’s Church . 
St. Stephen’s Church . 
South Street . 


Trinity Church . 
U.S. Branch Bank 


Unitarian Church . 
Wall Street 


New Zealand War Pests 3 
Newark Presbyterian Church . 


Newark to Paulus Hook 
Newbold’s Plantation 
Newburg, N. J. 

Newell, Harriet 


Newstead Abbey . 
Newton, Isaac . 


Newton, Isaac, Goaitenve : 


Newton, John 


Newton, Robert 
Ney, Michel . 


Niagara Falls, N. Y. 


Niagara, Battle of 
Nice, Italy oe 
Dicalai Coin .- 5s 


INDEX 


ARTIST 


Davis 
Kvers 
Davis 


Bayley . 
Davis 
Bayley . 
Anderson . 
Davis 
Davis 
Burton . 


Anderson . 
(Map) . 


Doyle 
Doyle 


Doyle 


Russell . 
Russell . 


Neagle . 
Wilson . 
Bennett 


Birch . 


363 


CHECK LIST 


ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
Bennett . eke 
W.D. Smith . 2967 
Durand . . 681 
W.D.Smith . . 2968 

. Rawdon & Co. . 2646 
. Scoles . 247 
. Prudhomme . 2697 
. Yeager . 3437 
. Bennett . . 144 
. Pru@homme . 2628 
. Tiebout . 3232 
. Kearny . 1573 
W.D. Smith . 2967 
. W.D. Smith . 2967 
- Hoogland . 1439 
Callender «995 
Tiebout . . 3219 
Tiebout . . 3220 
Trenchard . . 3296 
Hill . 1340 
. Annin 78 
Hdwin . 838 
Longacre . 2059 
Rawdon . . 2636 
. Farman 998 
Edwin . 839 
. Scoles . 2838 
Ldwin . 958 
. Jocelyn . 1548 
. Leney . 1823 
. Longacre . 2060 
Dodson 497 
Brown : . 280 
Tanner & Co. . . 3113 
- Bennett . . . 142 
. Cooke . 435-36 
- Hill 1348-49 
Hill . 1410 
. Maverick . 2251 
Steel 0.0. . 3032 
Thackara & Tiallanes . 3151 
Tiebout . ~- 2 « BBS 
Strickland . . 3059 
. Seymour . 2888 
. Hill . 1872 


ITEM 


Nightmare, The 
Night Scene, The . 
Night Thoughts 
Niobe : 
Nisbet, Charles 
Nisbet, C., Monument of 
Noah, Mordecai M. 
Norfolk, Va. 
North, Lord . 
Northcote, James 
North River, N. Y. 


North Carolina, etc. 
Norwich, Vt. 


Norwich Military Acad. 


Notch House, N. H. . 
Nott, Eliphalet . 


O’Connell, Daniel . 
O’ Neill, Miss 
Obookiah . 


Ogden, Aaron 
Ohio River, Map of 
Ohiophyle Falls, Pa. . 


Olandah Equiano . 
Old Pat ' 
Old Testament 
Olid, Christoval de 
Olin, Stephen 


Ongpatonga, Chief 
Opie, John 

Opie, Mrs. 

Orange, Prince of 


Orlamunda, Agnes von . 


Orphans’ Asylum, Mass. 
Osgood, Mrs. 


Othello and deters 


Otis, James . 


Oto Council . 
Ovid 


INDEX 


ARTIST 
Fuseli 


Gibson . 
Smith 
Shaw 
Northcote . 
Shaw 
(Map) . 
Johnson 
Johnson 
Ames 
Davis 
Durand 


Schultz 


Waldo . 


Sap ae : 

. Lawson . 

. Durand . 

. PruVhomme 

. Bridport 

. Leney 

. Munson . 

. Rollinson 

oy oti ee 

(Certificate) . 
. . Dodson 

. Leney 

. Durand . 

. Pelton 

. J.R. Smith 


Paradis 
West 
Neagle . 
Opie. 
Opie . 


Graham 
Blackburn 
Blackburn 
Seymour 
Burney 


364 


ENGRAVER 


. Boyd . 

ot tein ewig” op, SCHRLIRTIEOR 
(Title-page) . 
Pyne Cs eg RS COtas 
. Pelton 
- Boyd . 


Norman . 


Gimbrede 


. Ta 

. Haines 

. Leney 

. Hill 

. Bennett . 


Aitken 


. Peabody 
. Peabody 


Throop 


- Durand . 


. Maverick 

. Longacre 

. Jocelyn . . 
. Maverick-Durand 
. Durand . 

. Maverick 

. Scoles 


Tanner 
Tiebout . 


. Durand . 


Longacre 


Mrs. Akin . 


Lawson 


. NScoles 


CHECK LIST 
NUMBERS 


273 
. | 296 
. 2365 
. 2839 
. 2512 
eee 
. 1073 
. 1343 
. 1207 


“SOT 
1910-11 
. 629 
. 2513 
. 2925 
. 1694 
. 2801 


ITEM 


Owen, John . 
Owenson, Miss . 
Oysans, Cascade of 
Oyster Cove, Va. 
Oxford, Earl of 


Oxford Light Infantry . 


Paca, William 
Page, Harlan 
Pahaqualing, N. J. 


Paine, Robert Treat . 
Paine, Robert Treat, Jr. 


Paine, Thomas . 


Paley, William . 


Palisades, The . 


Paraclete, The . 


Paragon, Steamboat . 


Paris, France 


Parish, E. 

Parke, John . 
Parker, Martyn 
Parkinson, William 
Parnell, Thomas 
Parsons, Ann 
Parsons, Enoch 
Parsons, Jonathan 
Parsons, Levi 


Parsons, Theophilus . 


Parthenon, The 

Partridge, Alden . 
Pass of La Cabrera 
Passaic Falls, N. J. 


Passaic River 
Patterson, James . 
Patton, William 
Paul I— Russia 


INDEX 


ARTIST 
Vertue . 


Shaw 
Underwood 
Copley . 
Badger . 
Hoffman 
Hoffman 
Savage . 
Stuart 
Romney 
Romney 
Kidd 


Livingston 
Craig 
Williams 


Lemet 


Morse 
Stuart . 
Sargent 
Bartlett 
Birch 
Frazier . 
Shaw 
Birch 
Shaw 

Otis . . 
Metcalf . 


ENGRAVER 


Gimbrede 
Leney 


. Kearny . » 
. Hill 

. Maverick 
Nesmith . .. 


Maverick 


. Prudhomme 


Clarke 
Scoles 
Longacre 
Tisdale 
Scoles 
Wright 


. Longacre 
. Prudhomme 


Tucker 
Hill 
Tiebout . 
Harrison 


. Anderson 
. Neagle aru 
. Scot & Allardice . 
. JR. Smith . 


Malcom . 
Scoles 
Maverick 


. Leney 


Edwin 


. Pelton 
. Pelton 


Throop 


Leney 


Tucker 
Willard . 


. Kearny 
. Childs 
. Hill 

. Scoles 


Tucker 


. Hill 
. J.R. Smith 


Durand . 


Scorodorumoff Leney 


365 


CHECK LIST 
NUMBERS 


- 1074 
- 1826 
- 1586 
. 1343 
. 2294 
. 2323 


. 2225 
. 2597 
- 414 
. 2842 
. 2062 
» 3254 
. 2802 
. 3412 
. 2063 © 
. 2596 
. 3311 
. 1340 
- 3225 
. 1299 
. 64 
. 2316 
. 2864 
. 2926 
. 2166 
. 2863 
. 2226 
. 1827 
. 840 
- 2514 
. 2515 
. 3157 
. 1828 
. 3323 
. 3386 
. 1577 
. 310 
. 1343 
. 2843 
. 3324 
. 1343 
. 2927 
. 630 
. 1829 


INDEX 


CHECK LIST 


ITEM ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
Paul, Thomas Cooke . a tis ae . Longacre . 2064 
Paulding, William Durand - Durand . . 631 
Pawnee Brave . King . Jocelyn . . 1550 
Payne, Master . Wood . Leney . 1830 
Payson, Edward . Pratt . Kelly . 1616 
Paxton Expedition, The - Dawkins . AGT 
Peacock and L’E pervier AIT OE . Hamlin . . 1246 
Birch . Strickland . . 3060 

Peace of 1783 ies atthe . Norman . . 2366 
Peak, John Chorley . Annin & Smith 97 
Peak Cavern a MS ag th Kearny . 1589 
Peale, Charles Willson . Peale . Longacre . 2065 
Pearce, Samuel Medley . . Annin & Smith 98 
Medley . . Boyds.c icy ee . 258 

pees i: Goodman & Piggo . 1148 

Medley . . Longacre . 2066 
Peck, George Pine . . Prudhomme . 2599 
Pedlars Falls, Va. erie . Drayton . 547 
Pekenino, Michele Durand . Durand . . 632 
Pelham Foreign Portraits . (List of) . Pelham - 2476 
Penn, William . iy eee ee . Anderson eee.) 
Bevan . Edwin — . 841-43 

Pia hee . Kneass-Young . 1652 

Barralet . Lawson . 1683 

Edwin . . Longacre 2067 —68 

. Smither . . 2981 

. Snyder . 2995 

Tisdale . 3255 

Penn Arms ha ry Turner . 3332 
Penn’s Treaty West . Moore - 2277 
West G. 4. Smith . 2912 

Penn’s Treaty Medal cis is la ta = . 2293 
Pennsylvania, Map Howell-Lewis Scoles . 2841 
Cope ig. . Turner . 3334 

Pennsylvania Roads . (Map) . . Smither . . 2985 
Pennsylvania, Arms of . Trenchard . . 3279 


(Title-page) . Attken . .4. 50.) gee 
(Frontispiece) Smither . . . . . . 2984 


Pennsylvania Magazine 


Pennsylvania Politics (Caricature) . Charles . ... . . 334 
Pennsylvania, U. S. Ship ove ix ts bo Benneiee . 148 
Pepperrill, Sir William . Smibert . Pelham . 2471 
Pepys, Elizabeth . Hailes . Steel . . 3013 
Pepys, Samuel . Kneller . . Steel . . 3014 
Percival, Spencer . Williams Kneass . . 1653 
Percy, Hugh Earl . Smither . . 2982 


366 


- TTEM 


Perfect, William 
Perry, Oliver H. 


Jarvis 
Perry, O. H.—Memorial Brenton 
Perry’s Victory Corne 
Birch 
Barralet. 
Peruvian Images are 
Petalesharoo Neagle . 
Peter IIJ— Russia elie ows 
Peters, Hugh eer iia! 
Peters, William Peters 
Petre, Lord . Peters 
Pharamond . 
Philadelphia 
View of - Birch 
‘Birch 
Hill . 
Hoffman 
Birch 
Birch 
Map of 
Academy of Fine Arts. Strickland 
Barralet 
Academy of Natural Sciences Strickland 
Almshouse, Spruce St. Birch 
Strickland 
Arch St. Ferry . Birch 
Arch St. Theatre . Yeager . 
Bank of Pennsylvania Birch 
Strickland 
Bank of Philadelphia Birch 
Bank of United States . Birch 
Strickland 
Strickland 
Strickland 
Strickland 
Chestnut St. Theatre . Birch 
Christ Church ... . Birch 


INDEX 


ARTIST 


Waldo . 


367 


ENGRAVER 


. Leney 
. Delleker 
. Hdwin 


Gimbrede 


. Lewis 
. Pekenino 
. Sanford . 


Willard . 


. Annin 
. Lawson 


Tanner 


Doolittle 


Maverick 


. Leney 


Leney 


. Leney 
. Leney 
. Bowes 


Birch . 
Cone . 


ees Lh) 
. Scoles 


Seymour 
Tucker 


. Scot & Allardice . 
. Smither . 


Turner 
Childs 
Tanner 
Childs 


. Birch. 
. Boyd . 


Birch . 
Yeager 
Birch . 
Tucker 


. Birch. 

. Birch . 

. Childs 

. Kearny 

. Kneass-Young 


Tucker 


. Fox 


Birch . 


CHECK LIST 
NUMBERS 


. 1831 

- . 482 
. 844-45 
1075-76 
. 1915 

. 2451 

. 2740 

. 3387 
87-88 

: 1691 

. 3138 

. 538 

. 2997 

. 1832 

. 1833 

. 1834 

. 1835 
24.0 


178 
429 
1350-51 © 
. 2844 
. 2882 
- 3327 
. 2866 
. 2986 
. 3333 
. 3dl 
. 3137 
352 
160 
270 
161 

. 3430 
162 

. 3316 
163 
164 

. S54 
. 1572 
. 1659 
. 3317 
. 1012 
165 


ITEM 


Christ Church” ).s) . =.) a. 


Congress Hall, etc. 
Deaf and Dumb Asylum 


Dorsey’s Gothic Mansion . 


Eastern Penitentiary . 


Election Scenein . . 
Fairmount Water Works 


Franklin Hotel . ... . 


Franklin Library . 
Girard’s Bank 

Girard College... . 
High St. Viewon. . . 


High St. Markets . .. . 


Jail, Walnut St. 


Lemon Hill .... 


Library and Surgeons’ Hall 


Lutheran Church, Old 
Lutheran Church, New . 
Market St. Bridge . 


Masonic Hall 

Masonic Hall, Fire at 
Merchants’ Hotel 

New Market, Second St. 
New Theatre 


Pennsylvania Hospital . 


INDEX 


ARTIST 
Strickland 


Birch 
Strickland 
Mills 
Haviland 
Mason 
Krimmel 
Birch . 
Doughty 
Doughty 
Lehman 
Birch 
Birch 
Doughty 


Strickland 
Strickland 
Walter . 
Birch 
Birch 
Birch 
Birch 


Birch 
Birch 
Birch 
Strickland 
Birch 
Strickland 
Jones 


Birch 
Birch 
Lewis 


Birch .. 
Strickland 


Hoffman 
Strickland 


McArthur . 


368 


ENGRAVER 


. Childs 


- Malcom . 


Birch . 


. Childs 


Tanner 


. Childs 

. Childs 

. Lawson . 
. Campbell 


Cone 


Hill 


. Steel . 


. JR. Smith . 


Tanner 
Tiller . 
Tucker 


Thackara 


. Childs 


Steel . 


. Birch . 

. Birch . 

. Birch . 

. Birch. 

. Malcom . 
. Heilious . 
. Birch . 

». aBireh. 

. Birch . 

. Plocher . 
. Seymour 
. Kneass 


. Trenchard . 


Hill 
Tucker 
Birch . 


. Birch . 
. Ralph 
. Birch . 


Childs 


. Claypoole 
- Dawkins 
. Heilious . 
ETE 3, 


Seymour 
Tucker , 


CHECK LIST 
NUMBERS 


. . 356 
2168-69 
171 

. 358 

. 3193 
360 

. 359 
. 1692 
302 

. 428 
. 1333 

. 3025 

. 3194 

. 3248 

, 3319 
. 2935. 

. 3150 

. 353 

. 3026 

, < paees 
. 4-15 
. 159 
172 

. 2170 

. 985 

. 159, 176 
166 

167 

. DAY 

. 2885 

. 1663 

. 1345 

. 3322 

. it 

. 3295 
171 

. 2632 

. 159, 179 
. 368-69 
396 

. . 468 
. 983-84 
. 1411 


ITEM 


Pennsylvania Hospital 


Penna. Hospital for Insane 
Presbyterian Church, Ist 


Presbyterian Church, 2nd 


Robert Morris House 


St. Stephen’s Church . 


State House . 


State House, Back View 


State House Garden . 


Swedes’ Church . 


Third St. Hall . 


Third and Market Sts. 
Third and Spruce Sts. 


Treaty Tree . . 
Unitarian Church . 


University of Penna. . 


Washington’s Funeral 
Washington Hall . 


Water Works, Centre Square 


Water Works, Chestnut St. 
Widows and Orphans Asylum 


Zion Church, Burned 


Philadelphia at Tripoli . 


Philadelphia Cadets . 
Philadelphia Views 
Philistines, ete. . 
Philip, King . 

Philip [V— France 
Philips, T. . 
Phillips, John 


Phillips, T. : 
Phillips, William . 
Phillips, W. W. 
Phillips, Miss 
Phcebus, William . 
Physick, Philip Syng 


INDEX 


CHECK LIST 

ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
ia s Yeager . 3434 
Mason . - Tucker . 3326 
Birch Birch . 168 
Haviland - Boyd . Q71 
Birch . Birch . 169 
Birch - Birch . 173 
Strickland . Childs 375 
Birch . Birch . 181 
Strickland . Childs . . 38376 
Wells . Neagle . . 2315 
Peale Trenchard . . 3299 
Birch Birch . 182 
Birch - Birch . Pre bo) 
Birch - Birch . . 159, 170 
Sully - Childs ote ee 
er a Steel . . 3024 
Birch - Birch . 186 
Birch . - Birch . 185 
Parkyns - Cook . 438 
Reinagle . Childs . 378 
Strickland . Steel . . 3035 
Birch . Birch . : Pane $Y | 
Strickland . Strickland . . 3065 
Birch - Birch . . 188 
Barralet . Tiebout . . 3234 
Doughty Childs . 882 
Strickland . Steel . . 3037 
Reiche . 2663 

oh re weg eee Hamlin . . 1247 
Underwood . Nesmith . - 2324 
Birch . Barker 117 
. Allen . - 39 

. Revere . 2671 
Seymour. . 2876 

. J.R. Smith . . 2928 

Pike ene i . Hoogland . 1428 
Williams . Lavigne . . 1676 
Percival Gimbrede . 1077 
Stuart . . Pelton . . 2516 
Waldo & Jewett W. D. Smith . 2960 
sien Mee ee. MOROU RO. . 1836 
Paradise . Durand . . 633 
Inman . . Dodson . Sivek 1. nee 
Inman... . . Durand... ... 634 
Sully. . Longacre . =... . 2069 


369 


ITEM 


Physick, Philip Syng 
Pickens, Andrew . 
Pickering, Timothy 


Picton, Gen. 


Picturesque View of G. B. 


Pierce, Ben. 
Pike, Zebulon M. 


Pilmore, Joseph 


Pinckney, Charles C. . 


Pindar, Peter 
Pinkney, William . 


Pinto,G. F. . 
Pioneers, The 
Pitt, William 


Pittsburgh, Pa. 


Placide, Alexander 
Platoff, Gen. 

Platt, Jonas . 
Plattsburg, Battle ve 
Playing Draughts 
Plessis, Joseph Octave 
Plutarch . 


Plymouth Dock 

Poinsett, Joel R. 
Polk, James K. . 
Pollok, Robert . 
Pomarre, King . 


INDEX 


ARTIST 
Otis . 
Sully 
Waldo 
Catlin 
Stuart 


Pratt 
Peale 


Neagle . 
Peale 


Bounetheau . 


Paul . 


Peale 


‘King 
(uitlepage) ; 


Peale 


Lehman 
Lehman 
Trumbull .. 
Burnet . 


James 


Garvey . 
Longacre . 


370 


CHECK LIST 

ENGRAVER NUMBERS 

. Otis . 2381 
Longacre - 2070 
Gimbrede . 1078 

. Longacre . 2071 
Piggot . 2543 

. Rollinson . 2721 
. Revere . 2692 
G.G. Smith . 2903 

. Hdwin 847 
. Edwin . 846 
. Gimbrede . 1079 
. Kennedy . 1636 
Tanner & Co. . Sill 
Willard . . 3388 

. Yeager ~  « 3424 
: Goodman & Piggot . . 1149 
. Peale . .  « 2425 
: Akin Haman 20 
Anderson 60 
Durand . . 635 

. Tiebout . . 3189 
. Hill . 1385 
. Leney . 1837 
. Durand . . 636 
. Longacre . 2072 
. Longacre . 2073 
Lang . . 1674 

. Hdwin - 848- 49 
. Peale . . 2426 
. Prudhomme - 2619 
. Childs . 371 
. Steel . 3033 
. Hdwin ; . 850 
Tanner & Co. . . S114 
Durand . . 637 
. Reed . . 2660 
o's OPES Dove . 2382 
.. Durand . 638 
. Boyd . 259 
. Edwin 851 
. Birch. . 155 
. Longacre - + 2074 
. Pru@’homme ~.) + 2600~ 
. Longacre . 2137 
. Hoogland . 1429 


ITEM 
Pont du Gard 


Pope, Alexander 


Poros Harbor, Morea 
Porpoise, U.S. Brig . 


Porter, David 


Porter, Ebenezer 


Porter, Jacob 
Porter, Jane 


Portsmouth, N. H. 
Portsmouth, England 
Port Folio, The 


Post, Edward 


Poulson, Susannah 
Powell, Snelling 


Powell, Mrs. 


Prague, Battle of 
Preble, Edward 


President’s House, Wash. . 


Preston, William . 
Prideaux, Humphrey 


Prince, Joseph . 


Prince, Thomas 
Prodigal Son, The 
Providence, R. I. ; 
Providence Congre’l] Church . 
Providence Marine Soc. 
Providence Meeting House 
Providence St. John’s Church . 


INDEX 


ARTIST 
Roubilliac . 
Keller . 
Kneller . 
Wood 
Wood 
Jocelyn 


Doyle 


Duncannon 


( Title-pages ) 
(Title-page) . 
—, . . Anderson 


Peale 

DeWilde 
(Medal) 
(Medal) 
Doughty 


Drummond 


Greenwood 


(Certificate) . 
rather areas 26 


371 


ENGRAVER 
Harrison 


. Danforth 


Hdwin 


. Haines 
. Hanm 


Hoogland 


. Longacre 


W.D. Smith 
Valentine 
Kearny 


. Bennett . 
. Hdwin 


Gimbrede 


. Lewis 

. Pru@homme . 
. Reed & Stiles . 
. Longacre 


Gimbrede 
Gimbrede 
Yeager 
Bowen 
Birch . 
Edwin 
Harrison 


Lawson . 


. Hill 

. Leney 

. Frederick 
. Harris 

. Kelly . 


Edwin 
Lawson . 


. Steel . 


Stone . 
Leney 
Lavigne . 


. Hill 
. Pelham 


Doolittle 


. Hamlin . 


Hamlin . 
Hamlin . 


Hamlin . 


CHECK LIST 
NUMBERS 


. 1300 
450 

852 

. 1208-9 
. 1257 

. 1430 

. 2075 

. 2961 

. 3338 

Be bey te 
IAT 

. 853 

. 1080 

. 1915 

. 2601 

- 2658 

. 2076 

. 1081 

. 1082 

~ 3425 
931 

~«- 166 
. 942, 948 
. 1309 

merepet | 

. 1684 

. 1378 

. 1838 

. 1020 

. 1271 

. 1617 

. 854 

. 1685 

. 3038 

- 3044 

. 1839 

. 1677 

. 1379 

. « 2472 
. 539-41 
. 1945 

. 1244 

. 1249 

. 1412 

. 1243 


’ 


CHECK LIST 
ITEM ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
Pregence’ "ey! «(is Seetepttat be Clarke - 4 ie » (419 . 
Psalmsof David ... . . Johnston ... . 1506 
Psalm-Singer’s Amusement . Norman . . 2368 
Psalm-Tunes .... « « Turner . 3335-36 
Stats) \btige ¢ Nae meena . 2691 
Psyche . . . «+» «6 e (Frontispiece) Hdwtn 936 
Patnam, Israel .. ei aes e's. en ae ae 
Trumbull . . Gimbrede . - 1083 
Trumbull . . Humphrys... . . 1472 
Pym, John |... s+, sui ° - Pru@homme - 2602 
Quarles, Francis .... . - Edwin 856 
Quebec,Canada ..... . Aitken 9 
PEER ie ee . 437 
Strickland . Kneass . - 1664 
tan’ - Johnston . 1505 
8 . Leney . . 1894 
ee ce . 2703 
Queenstown,Canada .. . Strickland . Strickland . . 3061 
Quincy, Josiah . . . . - - (Caricature). Charles... . 314 
Quixote,Don ..... . Lesle . . Danforth . 451 
Radnor Church .. . . . Strickland Tiebout . - 3226 
Raikes, Robert.) a lidyhe eee 3s . Munson... . . 2281 
Ram Mohun Roy . 2 gs eps + ee - Annin & Smith «999 
Ramsay,David .... . White . Gimbrede .. .. . 1084 
Peale . Longacre - 2077 
Rancliffe,Lord .... -» See . Leney . 1840 
Randolph, John ... «2. 6 « s . Edwin . 857 
Jarvis . Gimbrede en neigh oak ae 
Randolph, Peyton Peale - Goodman & Piggot . . 1151 
Rapelje, Rem . Durand . Sis 639 
Raphael . . alte ge . Hdwin 858 
Read, George Pine . . Longacre . 2078 
Red Jacket Weir . Danforth 452 
Redman, John . eer cee tee . Edwin 959 
Reece, Richard Paradise . Durand . 640 
Reed, Nelson Ruckle . W.D. Smith 2962 
Rees, Abraham Opie . . Gobrecht 1112 
Reeve, Tapping Catlin . Maverick - 2228 
Reid, Thomas . . Annin 80 
Remarkable Bridge . eet sells le. a emeneai 3297 
Retreat, The,Pa. . . . . . Atkenson . . Kennedy . 1638 
Rescinders, The ... . ye: . « Mevere ss.” wane - 2693 
Resurrection of a Pious Family Peters . . . Clarke ..... . 417 


INDEX 


872 


ITEM 


Resurrection of a Pious Family 


Rhodes .. 
Rhone Glacier 


Richard I1I—England . 


Richard III, Last Act of 
Richards, James 


Richmond, Chas., Duke of . 


Richmond, Legh 


Richmond, Va. 


Ricketts, Mr. 
Ridgely, C. 
Riley, James 


Riley, Jas., Narrative 


Rippon, John 


Rittenhouse, David 


Roberts, James 


Roberts, Robert R. 
Robertson, William . 


Robespierre, M. 


Robinson, Mrs. . 
Rochemaure Castle 


Rochow, Mr. 
Rock Fort 


Rocky Mountains . 


Rodgers, John 


Rogers, John 


Rogers, William 


Rogers, Rev. 


Roland, Madame 


Rollin, Charles 


e 


e 


° 


Rockingham, Marquis of . 


INDEX 


ARTIST 
POteTe *s 2. - 


e 


ENGRAVER 
Hill. 


- Scoles . 


. Kearney .. 


« BOyR ss as 
Rie ete) 8 os OM Cy 
(Caricature). Johnston °. 
Trott . . Bridport 
Schroeder . . Leney 
Slater . Longacre 
Cooke .. . Bennett . 
Proger > HE" 


. Maverick 


Jarvis . . 


. Scoles 


Goodman & Piggot . 


Carman . Gimbrede . 
(Illustrations) Hooker . 
(Illustration) Marchant . 
Auer e ey COR 
Peale ... Edwin . 
a) kil eee ew, 2), OD 
Peale . . . Gobrecht 
‘ : . Houston 
Savage . . Jarvis 
Peale . Longacre 
Peale . Savage 
Yates . Johnston 
Neagle . . Longacre 
aieehes kam ie) «i AE ET BO 
Reynolds . . Tanner 
Raffet . . . Pru@homme 
Reynolds . . Birch. . 
er see . Seymour 
phere ae 
Inman . . Maverick 
. : . Haines 
Seymour . Kearny 
Jarvis . Hdwin 
. Leney 
sat ouetaa a . Gimbrede 
Smibert ¢ SRGUG eS a 


Williams .. 


J.R. Smith . 


. Annin & Smith 


Raffet . .. 


373 


. Annin & Smith 


Prudhomme 
Ellis .. 


CHECK LIST 
NUMBERS 


- 1359 
» 2845 
- 1590 
- 260 
. 1841 
. 1499 
~ QT 
. 1842 
- 2079 
- 143 
. 1352 
. 2253 
- 2804 
. 1150 
- 1086 
. 1449 
- 2172 
- 422 

860 
. 859 
- 1113 
- 1463 
- 1481 
. 2080 
- 2748 
. 1494 
- 2081 
- 62 
3099 
- 2603 
. 153 
. 2872 
. 1372 
- 2254 
. 1210 
. 1579 
. 861 
- 1843 
. 1087 
. 1618 
- 2929 


ITEM 
Rollin, Charles . 


Romaine, William 
Romeyn, J.B. . . 
Rosalind and Orlando 
Ross, George 

Ross, James . 

Ross, William 
Rousseau, J.J. . 


Rousseau’s Tomb . 
Rowan, Archibald H. 
Rowe, Elizabeth S. 


Rowe’s Letters . 
Rubens, Peter Paul 


Rumford, Ct. Benjamin 


Rumpff, Mrs. 
Rush, Benjamin 


Ruspini, Chevalier 
Russell, Nathaniel 
Russell, William Lord 
Ruter, Martin 

Prarie Bsa eee 
Ruthven, Lady ab. 
Rutgers, Henry 
Rutledge, Edward 
Ryland, John 


St. Andrew’s Soc., Pa. 
St. Anthony . 


INDEX 


CHECK List 

ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
Penniman . Kelly . 1619 
Penniman . . Neagle . 2311 
Coypel . . Scoles - 2805 
Coypel . W.D. Smith . 2963 
is Fis . Snyder . 2992 
. Tanner . 3100 

Allen . 32 

Waldo & Jewett Durand . ~ 641 
Downman . . Leney . 1906 
igre aft . Steel . +e SOLS 
Sully - Goodman & Piggoi Rr bY) 
Paradise . Durand . fare 642 
- Doolittle 514 

. Fairman «Poe 

. Scoles . 2846 

. Scoles. . 2806 

. Edwin  962- 63 

oa ve). ee . 2343 
(Title-page) . Hdwin - 929 
os we oa ee ee . 3345 
. Hooker . . 1445 

Trenchard . . 3273 

ee . Prudhomme - 2605 
Paul . Akin. 21 
Sully . Dodson soe 400 
Sully . Hdwin . 864-65 
Sully. . Gobrecht . 1114 
Haines . . Haines . 1212 
Haines . . Jones . . 1524 
SeGee - LeMet - 1702 
Sully . Leney . 1844 
Sully . Longacre . 2082 
Savage . . Savage . 2749 
ae as . Leney - 1845 
Savage . . Savage . 2750 
reer ey . 2821 
Longacre . . Longacre . 2083 
. Maverick . 2266 

sath e . Longacre . 2144 
Inman Wright . 3413 
Earle . Longacre - 2084 
Bramwhite. . Hoogland . 1431 
(Certificate) . Scot . . 2868 
c+ 6 es oe Darand 7: 643 


374 


ITEM 
St. Anthony’s Falls 


St. Barbara . 
St. Catharine 
St. Francis 


St. George Soc., Pa. : 
St. Helena,Islandof . 


St. John—Confessor . 
St. John in Patmos 
St. Joseph .. 

St. Lawrence River 
St. Leonard’s Cottage 
St. Michael’s Mount . 
St. Michel at Puy . 
St. Peter’s, Rome . 


INDEX 


ARTIST 
Shaw 


A lb ano 


(Certificate) . 
‘) Witney) Drayton °. 


Barnett 


Schetky 


St. Peter and St. Paul, ‘cars of : 


St. Vincent, Earlof . 
St. Vincent’s Rock 
Sacred Harmony .. . 
Sacketts Harbor, N. H. 


Sacondaga and Hudson Rivers 


Sainbel, Charles V. de 
Salaberry, C. M. d’l. 
Salem Court House 
Saltonstall, Gurdon 
Samoieds, The . 
Sampson, Deborah 
Sampson, William 
Sancta Sophia, Church . 
Sandford, P. P. 
Sandoval, Gonzales de 
‘Sands, Robert C. 
Sandy Hill, N. Y. 


Sandy Hook, Haninoctial off 


Sandy Hook Lighthouse 
Sandy Hook Monument 
Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 


Sargent, Thomas . 
Sargent, Thomas F. 


Volozan 
Birch 
Birch 


Dickinson . 
Gray 
Jarvis 
Pine . 
Weir 
Anderson . 
Anderson . 
Inman . 
Longacre . 
Thomson 


375 


ENGRAVER 


. Hill 

. Scoles 
. Hamm 
- Hamm 
. Boyd . 
. Hamm 


Woodruff 
Smither . 


Munger . 


. Strickland . 
. Hamm 
. Justice . . 


Woodruff 


. Hewitt 

- Drayton . 
. Harrison 
. Harrison 


Lawson . 
Tiebout . 
Tanner & Co. 


. Kneass 

. EHdwin 

. Plocher . 

. Strickland . 
. Hill 

. Leney 

. Durand . 

. Hill 


Doolittle 


. Seymour 


Graham . 


. Gimbrede 

. Lawson . 

. Pru@homme 
. Lawson . 

. Durand . 

. Hill 

. Bennett . 


Tiebout . 
Tiebout 


- Mase. 


Trenchard . 


. Longacre 
. Rollinson 


CHECK List 
NUMBERS 


- . . 1343 
- 2847 
. 1261 
- 1262 

wow 261 
1263 — 64 
. 3408 
- 2987 
. 548 
. 2279 
. 3062 
- 1260 
. 1563 
. 3409 
. 1320 
. 549 
. 1301 
. 1302 
. 1697 
. 3231 
. 3112 
. 1670 
. 930 
. 2548 
. 3063 
. 1340 
. 1846 
. 644 
- 1413 
. 515 
. 2891 
. 1168 
. 1088 
. 1678 
. 2606 
. 1679 
. 645 
. 1340 
. 136 
~ 3227 
. 3228 
. 2255 
. 3298 
. 2085 
- 2716 


ITEM 


Sault Ste. Marie .. 
Saurin, James . 


Savannah, Burning of 
Savannah, Siegeof . 
Sawbridge, Alderman 
Schmidt, John F. . 
Schuylkill Bridge 


Schuylkill Canal, Pa. 
Schuylkill Falls, Pa. . 


Schuylkill River, Pa. 
Schultz, Christopher, Jr. 
Schuyler, Philip 


Schwartz, Christopher F. 


Schwartzenberg, Gen. 
HAO co ahs . 
Scott, Sir Walter s 


Scott, Winfield 


Scott, Thomas . 


Sculptured Bones . 
Seabury, Samuel . 


Seat of War, 1775 
Seasons, The 
Sears, David . 


Sedgley,Pa. . . . % 


Sedgley Park,Pa. .. 


INDEX 


ARTIST 
Schoolcraft 
Picart . . 
Picart 
Shaw 
(Plan) . 
Eckstein 
Barralet 
Birch . 
Lehman 
Shaw 
Hoffman 
Watson . 


Trumbull . 


Leslie... 
Raeburn 
Raeburn 
Chantry 
Raeburn 
Leslie 
Gimbrede . 
Weir 
Cosse 
Cosse 
Cosse 


‘Duche 


(Map) . 
pega 4 
Biren 
Olay on. 


376 


ENGRAVER 


. Rawdon. . 


Durand . 


. Longacre 

. Aill 

. St.Memin . 
. Haines 

. Hekstein 

. Lawson . 

. Seymour 

. Childs 

. Hill 


Tiebout . 


. Childs 

. Leney 

. Kelly . 

. Leney isla 
. Longacre .. 


Tanner & Co. . 


. Kearny 
. Hdwin. ws 
- Danforth . 


Dodson. . 


; MavertchsDaeane 
. Jocelyn-Munson . 
. Melle. . ws 
. Keliy 2s 


Longacre . 


. Longacre 
. Gimbrede . 
. Pru@homme 


Tanner & Co. 


. Chorley . . . 
- Danforth 

. Hoogland .. 
. Jocelyn . . 


Longacre 
Main . 


. Strickland . 


Annin & Smith 


. Gimbrede 
. Romans . 


Edwin . 


. Pru@homme . 


Birch 0" 5m 
Childs .. 


CHECK LIST 


NUMBERS 
. 2639 
- 646 
. 2086 
. 1343 
~ 2737 
. 1211 
- . 685 
1695-96 
. 2885 
. S72 
. 1343 
- 3229 
. 373 
. 1847 
- 1620 
. 1848 


oe Oe 


« % 2199 


. . 1551 


INDEX 
CHECK LIST 


ITEM ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS 


Sedgwick, CatharineM. . . Ingham... Durand. .... . 648 
oy eel ea eye SD ORRON nwa chaps: BOT 

Sedgwick, Theodore . . . . Williams . . J.R.Smith> . . . . 9930 
MT ORO NK wile te he. ss Kearny! . ok aw 2 1801 
BOMEEISORYs Wisco. 6 i). Allene ace. 288-86 
Seneca Falls, N. Y. DED so a ok hy eek « ARM Oe oe Bie RD 
mentry-box, Ihe . .). .°. Leslie . . . Danforth... . .-. 460 
sergeant, John. . . . . . Robinson . . Kelly... .. . . 169 
Dees. yee. 6 ees wrua ~ Tucker’. ... . . . 9819 
Senet twnesy ane . sl. . Smirke ..:\. Leney . . . . . . 1907 
IER re Ge Sc lier es « Bligh cosisow ane ie a QTE 
MUON Pc. tl we tw Pelton. 6 6 as b> cc. 9519 
Sewall, Joseph . . Raich OU Me, os AIMEE hn Geet ge LOTG 
Smibert . . Pelham... . . . 2473 
meewall,Samuel. ... . . Hmmons .. Pelton ...... . 2518 
Dee OMe etatre sr. 5) 6 wes WD. Smith 1a)... 2904 
Guemepere, William . <3... . seca « Boyd... . 2.4. 962-68 
Sin phe sn» AOSOR 4.” «aati Pao ate BOE 

Zoust . . . Hdwin ... . . 869-70 

Chandos . . Field . . «2s. « 1002 

wee «: Gimbrede, .. afin 1001 

» ridley oe hi ate LICE 

SA eevee. « FATE a etek et ce 

Chandos .. Kelly. ..... . 16% 

eee iss. LOWEON.. <6; -s hts KOBE 

- Longacre .. . 2139-40 

. EH. Maverick . . . . 2449 

. M. A. Maverick « . . 2180 

eye « Pru@honme susiye-. 2609 

Sharp,John. .. .. . . Schwandfelder Hoogland ... . . 1433 
Mereel es ee ee. ww wes Anning Smith ... 101 
Pee eeene sy. oe wl. Jouttt ... . Durand ... . ws! «| 649 
RIOT TTAPD OL: debate cee we tl Hines «wee oe ow BQIS 
Beebe raeninOUse 0%). °. 5... ... Tiebout. . . . . . $930 
CCI ALGST Guise. 5 sw sks Mein fw we ew fe BUI 
Sherbrooke,John Cope... Field .. . Field. .... =. . 1008 
Sherburne, Nantucket .. . Sanson... Tanner... .. . 8139 
Seernien, oper... 43-4). Harle . . . Jocelyn .« . wo. «1688 
. PGF ieiaret ie, « kOUO8 gd ie ave a 2080 

Meee eRICMrG Dy St Sh. ce. Hdwin 2 ww ole BP 
eos pe wre « PruPhomme sis 40142619 

I AS yi. 6 eee te we Loney oo. o  witets 1849 
Shippen, Edward... . . Stuart... Hdwin ...... 8738 
Soltabe atales.< 220 TMEM new es he ty en kLBE 

Shippen, Joseph . ......... + LeMete ..... . 1708 


ITEM 
Shippen, William, Jr. 
Ship’s Papers : 
Shirley, Sir William . 
Shore, Jane . 
Shubrick, John T. . 
Sibley, HE... . 3 
Siddons, aa, Kenble ; 


Signers of the Declaration . 


Sigourney, Lydia H. . 
Simpson, David é 
Sismondi, J.C. L.S.de . 
Skeensborough, N. Y. 
Skinner, Thomas H. . 
Slater, Samuel . 
Slave-Ship, The 

Slop and Shandy 

Smith, Augustus W. . 
Smith, Elias . 

Smith, Elihu H. 

Smith, Elizabeth 

Smith, Isaac . 

Smith, James 

Smith, John . ; 
Smith, John Blair . 
Smith, Nathan . E 
Smith, Samuel Stanhope 
Smith, William 5 


Smith, Mrs. . 
Smollett, Tobias 


Snowden—Wales . 
Snyder, Simon . 


Solitude, Pa. 
Solomon Creek, Pa. 
Soule, Joshua 
Soult, N.J.deD. . 


Spalding, George Ludwig . 


INDEX 


ARTIST 
Stuart 


Smibert 
Pate . 
DeWilde 
Hamilton . 
Reynolds . 


(Title-page) . 


Sully 
Lincoln 
Williams 


Barker . 


Morse 
Lawrence . 
Stuart 
Stuart 


Sully 
Woolley 
Birch 


Paradise 


378 


CHECK LIST 


ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
. Haines . 1214 
. Savage . 2763 
. Pelham ~ QAT4 
. Pru@homme . 2610 
. Gimbrede . 1092 
. Leney . 1850 
. Edwin Sone 
. Leney 1851-53 

Leney . 1852 
. Longacre . 2090 

Longacre . 2149 
. Dodson . 507 
. Ellis 1 O72 
. Pru@homme . 2611 
. Hewitt . 1321 
- Goodman & Piggot 1153 
. Steel . . . 3016 
. Ralph . 2633 
. Haines . 1222 

Willard . . 3389 

Williams . 3364 

Leney . 1854 
. Leney . 1855 
. Edwin . 875 
. Yeager . 3426 
- G.G. Smith . 2904 
. Edwin . 876 
. Jocelyn . : . . 1554 
: Goodman & Piggot . . L154 

Edwin . . 8i7 
. Savage . 2751 
. Dodson 507 
. Boyd . - 264 
. Longacre . 2091 
. Phillips . . 2541 
. Seymour . 2877 
. Leney . 1895 
. Edwin . 878 

Tiebout . 3190 
: Birch. . . 206 

Yeager 3435-36 
. Paradise . 650 
. Rollinson . 2720 
. Tanner & Co. . 3113 
. Hill . 1372 


ITEM 


Spaniards at Carthagena 


Spanish Inn, The 
Spencer, Mrs. E. 
Spencer, H. E. . 
Spencer, O.M. . 
Spencer, Thomas . 


Spener, Philip James 
Spirit Creek, Ga. 
Spinning Machine . 


Sprague, William B. . 


Spring, Gardner 
Sproat, James . 
Staél, Madame de . 
Staffa . , 
Stag and Hound 


Stamp Act Repealed . 


Stanford, John . 


Stanislaus, Augustus 
Stanley, Mrs. 
Stanton, E.M. . 
Stark, John . — 
State Guards, Pa. . 


Staughton, William . 


Stead, Henry . 


Steamer Experiment . 


Steele, Sir Richard 


Stennett, Samuel 


Stephen before the Council 


Sterne, Laurence 


Steuben’s Regulations 


Stewart, Charles 
Stewart, Mrs. 
Stiles, Ezra . 


INDEX 


ARTIST 


Hervieu 
Hervieu 
Longacre . 


Scott 
Shaw 


Morse 


Clay . 
Inman . 
Franks . 


Rider 
Wood 
Eckstein 
Peale 
Peale 
Paradise 


Richardson 


Reynolds . 
Wood 
Ingham 


379 


ENGRAVER 


. Revere 


Tanner 


. Longacre 
. Longacre 
. Longacre 


Hdwin 


. Haines 

. Longacre 
. Longacre 
. Hill 


Tully . 


. Durand . 
. Durand . 


Edwin 


. Jocelyn-Munson . 


Tanner 


. Longacre 
. Revere 
. Main . 


Tiebout . 


. Leney 
. Snyder 
. Pelton ee 
. GG. Smith. 
. Nesmith . 
. Bowen 


Eckstein 


. Hdwin 

. G.G. Smith 
. Paradise 
. Hamlin . 
. Haines 

. Hamm 

. Leney 

. Woodruff 
PR UOMerae 
. Hill 

. Longacre 
. Norman . 
. Tanner 

. Poupard 
. Goodman 
. Paradise 
. Doolittle 
. Hdwin 


CHECK LIST 
NUMBERS 


. 2686 
. 3140 
. 2093 
. 2094 
. 2095 
899 
. 1215 
. 2096 
. 2092 
. 1343 
. 3328 

651 

652 
. 960 
. 1555 
. 3141 
. 2146 
. 2695 
. 2163 
. 3191 
. 1856 
. 2993 
. 2521 
. 2905 
. 2325 

Q17 

686 
. 880 
. 2906 
. 2408 
. 1248 
. 1216 
. 1258 
. 1857 
. 3404 
. 1016 
. 1371 
. 2097 
. 2344 
. 3101 
. 2555 
. 1122 
. 2409 

516 

881 


ITEM 


Stiles, Ezra . 
Stillman, Samuel 


St eee ge PAM cam 


Stollenwerck’s Panorama . 


Stone, Thomas . 
Strahan, William . 
Strong, Caleb 


Strong, Nathan . : 
Stuart, Charles Gilbert . 


Sullivan, James 
Summer 
Summerfield, J tee 


Sunday School Soc., Phila. 


Susquehanna River 
Sutton, Amos 
Suwarow, Alexander . 
Swaim, William 
Swartz, C. F. : 
Sweeds Ford, Pa. . 
Swift, Jonathan 


Swords, Mr. . 
Sydenham, Thomas 
Sydney, Algernon . 


Taawattaa 

Talma, Francois I. 
Tammany, King 
Tammany Society, N. Y. 
Tanjore Pagoda 

Tasso, Torquato 
Taylor, James B. 
Taylor, N. W. 

Temple, Earl 

Temple, Charlotte . 


Temple, William 
Templeof Pluto . 
Ten Broeck, Dirck . . 


INDEX 


ARTIST ENGRAVER 
GP emstce . Hil sae 
Doyle - Annin & Smith 
Doyle - Leney .. 
Johnson . . Snyder 
Porter . . Strickland . 
ae . Simonne 

Pine . . Ellis 
Dhawan Leney 
Coles . Edwin 
Stuart . Longacre 
TERE. . Norman . 
Doyle - JR. Smith 
Stewart . Pelton 
Goodrich . Durand . 
Neagle . . Edwin 
Rowe? iiss . Fox 
Pocock . . Birch . 
Waldo & Jewett Durand . 
(Certificate) . Smither 
Morton. Strickland . 
James . Pelton 
eis hate . Clarke. 
Inman . . Durand . 
Smart . Pelton 

. Hewitt 

. DLeney 

. Longacre 

. DLeney 

. Jones . 

. Scoles 
Porter . . Strickland . 


. Jocelyn-Munson . 
. Eckstein 


(Certificate) . 


Graham . 


. Scoles 


Hooker . 


Waldo &I moat Jocelyn . 


Jocelyn 


. Jocelyn . 
. Haines 


. Osborn 


Tiebout 


i Gimbrede 
. Harrison 
. Gridley. 0s 


380 


CHECK LIST 
NUMBERS 


. 1380 

102 
. 1858 
. 2994 
. 3074 
. 2901 

973 
. 1859 
. 882 
, 2098 
. 9845 
. 2931 
. 2522 

653 
. 883 
. 1015 

158 
. 654 
. 2988 
. 3064 
. 2593 

407 
. 655 
. 2524 
. 1399 
. 1860 
. 1980 
. 1861 
. 1525 
. 2821 


. 3075 
. 1556 
» 1689 
. 1171 
. 2849 
. 1446 
. 1557 
. 1558 
- RRL 


ITEM 
Tennent, Gilbert 
Thacher, Peter . 
Thacher, William . 


Theatre of War in N. A.. 


Theatrical Costumes . 
Thomas, Isaiah. . 


Thomson, A. . 
Thomson, James .. 


Thomson, John . 
Thomson, Samuel . 
Thomson’s Seasons 
Thorburn, Grant . 
Thornton, Bonnell 
Thresher, G. . Nib 
Thunder Storm, The . 
Thurston, Gardner 
Tickell, Thomas . 
Tighe, Mrs. . . 
Tilghman, William 


Tompkins, Daniel D. . 
Tone, Theobald Wolfe 
Tooke, John Horne 


Tomb of the Scipios . 
Torrey, Jesse, Jr. . 
Tousard, A. Louis 


Town and Country Builder 


Tower of Horns 
Tree, Ellen . 


Trenck, Baron Frederick 


Trenton Arch 
Trenton Bridge 
Triumph of Liberty . 
roy, 0. Ys. 


Transylvania University 


Truair, John .. 
Trumbull, Benjamin . 
Trumbull, Jonathan . 


CHECK LIST 

ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS 

. Edwin . 884 

: . . Harris . 1272 
Paradise - Paradise . - 2410 
- Norman . - 2367 

Rieu ghd . Clay . 395 
Doyle . Jones . . 1526 
Williams - JR. Smith - 2932 
. Longacre . 2138 

. Haines . 1218 

. Longacre - 2136 

. Norman . . 2346 

- Prudhomme . 2612 

. Woodruff - 3405 

‘ . Danforth & Co. ~ 455 
Williams Williams . 3365 
(Title-page) . Roberts . - 2704 
Aviat oie ae Yeager . 3427 
EP er ae . Haines . 1219 
Crawley . Leney . 1862 
snes Sires . Revere . 2697 
erent . Reed . . 2654 
Kneller . Leney . 1863 
Comerford . Boyd. 265 
Bridport . Bridport 278 
© 0 0 « « » Campbell 21g299 
Sully .. . Jones - 1527 - 
atari ts 0 he OTTAEOR . 1289 
. Haines . 1220 

. Johnston . 1495 

Wright-Bale . 3414 

vee, Tanner . . 3142 
Peale ‘ Goodman § Piggot . . 1155 
Malbone . Edwin . . 886 
. Norman . - 2367 

. Shallus . 2898 

. Johnsion . 1496 

. Bill . : . 1381 

ae ee . Trenchard . . 3300 
Barralet . Murray . 2294 
hee . Verger : . 3344 
Wall . JR. Smith . 2938 
Jouett . Gridley . 1186 
Jocelyn . Jocelyn . . 1559 
Munger . . Jocelyn . . 1560 
Doolittle S17 


381 


ITEM 
Trumbull, Jonathan . 
Trumbull, Col. John . 
Trumbull, John (Poet) . 


Truxton, Thomas . 


Tupper, Martin F, 
Twaits, Mr. 
Tyerman, Daniel 
Tyler, John . 
Tynwald Hill 


Typee God 
Tyson, Elisha 


Ullwater, England 

Ulmus, New Species of . 
United States, Arms of . 
United States Capitol, 1814 
United States and England 
United States, Frigate 

United States and Macedonian 


Universal Magazine . 
Unknown Boy . 
Unknown Man . 


Unknown Woman 
Upper Ferry Bridge, Pa. 


Urania i 
Urquhart, John 


Van Buren, Martin 


Van Rensselaer, Stephen 
Valentine, The . 

Valley Forge, Pa. . : 
Van-ta-gin . . « 6 2 6 « 
Various Headlands 

Vaucluse Fountain 


INDEX 


CHECK LIST 


ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
Trumbull . . Pelton . 2525 
Waldo& Jewett Durand . .... . 656 
Trumbull . . Durand-Maverick 657, 2229 
Tisdale . 3256 

pet ie tak . Anderson 63 
(Medal) - Edwin . 886 
(Medal) . Lawson . . 1687 
Robertson Tiebout . - 3193 
. Kelly . . 1625 

. J.R. Smith . 2933 

. Pelton . 2526 

. Dearborn ~ ATS 

. Harrison . 1304 

Sas . Strickland . . 3076 
Street . Cone 423 
gees . Leney . 1896 
Thomas . Doolittle a fs 
tonsa . Trenchard . 3281-82 
Ryder . Lawson . . 1699 
(Caricature) . Akin . 28 
PER TS tt . Clarke - 413 
Birch . Seymour . 2879 
Birch - Tanner . 3143 
(Title-page) . Harrison . 1305 
+ 49 oe ja 8 pe ee 2142-43 
Liibber . - Gimbrede . 1105 
Sreeiome a . 1880 
Weinedel . . Longacre . 2141 
Wightman .. Prudhomme . 2620 
se nes aie” Pehenmse . 2450 
Birch . Plocher . . 2549 
Strickland . Plocher . . 2547 
(Music-book) Dawkins . ATO 
é ge ca ok jy Ss ee . 1626 
Inman . Chapin . 306 
Longacre . . Longacre . 2099 
Sa aaa . W.D. Smith . 2965 
Dickinson . Durand . . 658 
Allston . . Longacre . 2145 
Strickland Tiebout . . 3233 
. Radcliffe . 2630 

. Leney . 1897 

. Seymour . 2888 


382 


ITEM 
Vaughan, John . 


Versailles Insurrection . 
Victuallers’ Procession . 
Vinton, Robert S. . 


Virgin Mary 
Virgin and Child 
Virginia . . 
Virginia Coast . 


Virtue Dispelling aah : 


Voisin, Mr. 
Volney, C. F. 


Voltaire, F. M.A. . 


Walker, John 


Walker, Thomas A. 


Wallis, Miss . 
Waln, Nicholas - 
War Canoe 

War Club, ete. . 
Ward, Artemus 
Ware, Thomas . 
Warner, Hiram 


Warren, Anna Brunton . 


Warren, Joseph 


Warren, Jos., Deathof . 
Warren, William . 


Warrington, Lewis 


Washing Day, The 
Washington, Bushrod 


Washington, George . 


INDEX 


ARTIST 


Sully . 
Bridport 
Krimmel 


Raphael 


(Map) . 
(Map) . 


De la Tour 


DeWiilde 
Porter . 
Conarroe 
Peale 
Peale 


Brougham 


Sully 
Neagle . 
Jarvis 


(Caricature) . 
. Longacre 
. Longacre 
. Neagle ; 
Akin & Harrison 


Harding 


Wood 


383 


ENGRAVER 


. Steel 
. Nesmith . 


Yeager 


. Piggot 
. Pekenino 


Edwin 


. Aitken 

- Lawson . 
. Smither . 
. Hill 

. Maverick 
. Scoles 

. Gimbrede 
. Aill 

. Maverick 
. Norman . 


. Anderson 

. Edwin 

. Kelly . 

. Longacre 

. Prudhomme 
. Leney 


Edwin 


. Strickland . 

. Strickland . 

. Schoff-Kelly. . 
. Longacre 

. Prudhomme 

. Edwin 

. Edwin 

. Gimbrede 


Harris 


. Kelly . 
. Norman . 


Okey . 


. Norman . 
. Edwin 
. Longacre 


Gimbrede 
Clay 


Barralet 


CHECK LIST 
NUMBERS 


. 3017 
. 2322 
. 3438 
. 2544 
. 2459 

923 
ome a 
. 1700 
. 2989 
. 1373 
. 2260 
. 2807 
. 1094 
. 1373 
. 2261 
. WAT 


69 

. 887 
. 1627 
. 2100 
. 2613 
. 1864 
. 888 
. 3077 
. 3078 
. 1628 
. 2101 
. 2614 
889 

Remy (| 
. 1095 
. 1273 
. 1629 
9348- 49 
. 2373 
. 2364 
. 890 
. 2102 
. 1096 
. 394 
. 2103 
. 2104 
. 2312 
22 
118 


ITEM 


Washington, George . 


INDEX 


ARTIST 


Stuart .. 


Houdon 
Stuart . 


Trumbull . 


Weir 
Eckstein 
Bartok . 
Peale 


Stuart . 
Trott 


Robertson 


Bartoli . 
Stuart . 
Trott 

Stuart . 
Savage . 
Houdon 
Stuart . 


Barralet 
Stuart . 
Stuart . 
Fairman 


Stuart . 
Stuart . 


384 


CHECK LIST 


ENGRAVER NUMBERS 

. Bower 235 
- Brunton . 282 
. Callender Sth er BSF 
. Chapin . 307-09 
Charles 312 
Chorley . <1 See 

. Clarke . 408-10 
. Danforth & Co. . . 456 
. Doolittle ~. . 619-21 
. Durand . GO 
. Durand . . 661-62 
. Durand . 659 
. Durand . 663 
. Eckstein 687 
. Edwin 905 
. Hdwin . . 908 
. Edwin . 892, 901 
. Edwin-Murray 855 
. Fairman . 995 
. Fairman . 994 
. Field . . . 1004 
. Field . . 1005 
. Folwell . 1007 
. Galland . . 1024 
. Gimbrede . 1097 
. Gimbrede. . 1098-1100 
- Gobrecht - 1115 
. Gobrecht 1116-17 
- Goodman . 1193 
. Goodman & Piggot . . 1156 
. Gridley . 1184 
. Hamlin . 1236, 1238-41 
. Hamlin . . 1937 
. O.P. Harrison 1282-83 
. R. Harrison . 1806 
. R.G. Harrison . 1811-18 
. W. Harrison 1291-92 
. S. Hill me | 
. Houston 1465-67 
- Houston . 1464 
. Jocelyn . . 1561 
. Johnston . 1497 
. Kearny . 1571 
Kelly . 1630-31 

. Kennedy - » 1637 


ITEM 


Washington, George . 


INDEX 


ARTIST 
Barralet 
Birch 
Houdon 
Stuart . 
Stuart . 
Trott 
Wright 
Stuart . 
Wright . 
Stuart . 
Blyth 
Stuart . 
Peale . 
Stuart . 
Stuart . 
Peale 
Stuart . 
Stuart . 
Cerrachi 
Stuart . 
Stuart . 
Stuart . 
Robertson . 
Savage . 
Wright . 
Savage . 
Stuart . 
Savage . 
Stuart . 
Tisdale . 
Wright . 
Peale 
Savage - 
Stuart . 
Fullerton . 
Stuart . 
Stuart . 
Stuart . 


385 


CHECK LIST 


ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
. Kneass 1655-57 
. Lawson . 1688-89 
. Lawson . . 1690 
. Leney . 1666 
. Leney . 1869 
. Leney 1865, 1867-68 
. Longacre 2106-10 
. Longacre . 2105 
. Manly . 271 
. Maverick 2230-31 
. Maverick . 2232 
. Murray . 2286 
. Neagle . 2313 
. Nesmith 9319-20 
. Norman . . 2351 
. Norman . . 2354 
. Norman 2350, 2352-53, 2355 
. Paradise . 2411 
. Paradise . 2412 
. Peabody . 2419 
. Peale . 2427-29 
. Pekenino . 2453 
. Pelton . 2527, 2531 
. Perkins . . 2539 
. Pru@homme . 2615 
. PruvVhomme . 2616 
. Rawdon . . 2637 
. Reed . 2655-56 
. Roberts . . 2701 
. Rollinson . 2719 
. Rollinson . 2718 
. Rollinson . 217 
. Savage 2752-53 
. Savage . 2755 
. Scoles . 2809 
. Scoles 9810-11 
. Scoles . « 2812 
. Scoles . . 2808 
. Scot . 2863 
. Seymour . 2878 
. Shallus . 2894 
. G.G. Smith . 2907 
. G.G. Smith . 2908 
. J.B. Smith . 2934 
| W.D. Smith , 2966 


ITEM 


Washington, George . 


Washington Family . 
Washington Memorial 
Washington, Martha . 


Washington, D. C. 


Washington, Capitol . 


INDEX 


ARTIST 


Dickinson . 
Stuart . 
Stuart . 
Savage . 
Stuart . 
Bruaton 
Stuart . 
Stuart . 
Robertson . 
Wright . 
Peale 


Trumbull . 
Stuart . 
Stuart . 
Trott. 
Wright . 
Stuart . 
Savage . 
Stutson 
Robertson. 
Blyth 
Cooke 
(Plan) . 
(Plan) . 
(Plan) . 
Birch 
Bulfinch 
Rider 
Doughty 
Bulfinch 


Washington, President’s House Catlin 
Washington, Indian Queen Hotel . 
Washington Crossing Delaware Sully 
Washington Funeral Procession . 


Washington’s Grave . 
Washington Grays 


Washington’s Headquarters . 


Washington Rock . 
Wasp and Frolic, Battle 


Shaw 
Fairman 
Albright 


Claxton 
Birch 
386 


CHECK LIST 

ENGRAVER NUMBERS 

. Steel . 3018 
. Steel . . 3019 
. Strickland . . 3052 
Tanner «on LOS 

. Tanner 3102-04, 3106 
Tanner . 3107 
Tiebout . . 3196 

. Tiebout . 3194-95 
.) Diller . 3241, 3247 
. Tisdale . 3257 
Todd . . 3271 
Trenchard . . 3276 
Trenchard . . . .3277-%8 
Tucker . 3314 
Tucker . 8315 
Wightman . . » 3358 
Willard . 3390-92 

. Woodruff 3406-07 
. O10. Wright a2 . . 3415 
. J. Wright «is oo 
Yeager 3428-29 

. Savage . 2754 
. Hill . 1360 
. Longacre . 2111 
. Norman . . 2356 
. Peale . . 2430 
. Bennett . . 149 
. Hill . 1414 
. Rollinson ~ « « BIQ4 
Thackara & Vallance . 3153 

. Birch . 5 ine teas 190 
. Childs . 879 
. Lawson . . 1699 
. Steel . 3038 
. Stone . 3042-43 
. Frederick . 1019 
. Kearny . 1575 
. Lang . 1672 
. Birch . - 1387 
. Hill . 1343 
. Childs . 380 
. Steel . 3036 
- Murray . . 2295 
. Kearny . . 1581 
. Seymour . 2880 


ITEM 


Waterhouse, Benjamin . 


Waters, Abigail 
Water Gap, Pa. 
Watkins, John . 
Watson, Elkanah . 
Watson, R. 


Watts, Isaac . 


Watts, James 
- Waugh, Beverly 
Wayne, Anthony . 


Weaders, Michel 


Wear Bridge, England . 


Webb, Thomas S. . 
Webster, Daniel 


Webster, Noah . 


Weehawken, N. J. . 


Wellington, Duke of 


Wells, Joshua 
Wells, Mrs... . 


INDEX 


ARTIST 


ENGRAVER 


. «Harris 


Johnson-Doyle Annin 


Birch 


cy ° e ° 
Wilson . 


Pine . 
Peale 
Elouis 


Trumbull . 
Savage . 
Penniman . 
Staigg . 
Morse 
Bennett 


Neilson . 


Darley, 
DeWilde 
387 


. Strickland . 
. Leney 

. Paradise 

. Longacre 


Tucker 
Childs 
Cone 


. Hamlin . 
. Hill 
. Ncoles 


Turner 


. Pelton 
. Prudhomme 
- Hdwin 


Graham . 


. Harris 

. Norman . 

. Pru@homme 
. Savage 


Tanner 
Warner . 
Thackara 
Clarke 
Tanner 


. Annin & Smith 

. Annin : 
. Dearborn 
. Dodson-Cheney 
dire. o-4. . Durand:. 
Frothingham . 
. Longacre . 


Hoogland 


. Longacre 
. Durand . 


Willard . 


. Bennett . 
- Durand . 
. Ellis 

. Boyd . 


Gimbrede 


. Goodman 
. Rollinson 


Willard . 


. Paradise 
. Leney 


CHECK LIST 
NUMBERS 


. 1274 

ats 81 

. 3066 

. 1870 

. WIZ 

. 2138 

. 3313 
349 

. 444 

. 1242 

. 1386 

. 2814 

. 3329 

. 2532 

. . 2617 
. 701, 909 
. 1169 

. 1275 

. 2357 

. 9618 

. 2756 

. 3108 

. 3349 

. 3148 

. 416 
3144 

. 103 
82 

46 

. 502 
576 II 

. 1434 
9119-14 
. 664 

. 3393 
150 

677 

979 

. 266 

. 1101 

. 1194 

. 2722 

. 3394 

. . 9414 
1871-72 


INDEX 


ITEM ARTIST ENGRAVER 
Welsh Society, Phila. (Certificate) . Barralet . 
Welsteed, William Copley . . Copley 
‘Wemyss, Mr... | Snes, Neagle . . Longacre 
Wentworth, Wilbrahim . pmclip Revere 
Wernwag Bridges his . Gridley 
Wesley, Charles ..3 925%... - Danforth 
Wiesley, John. .<.) 20m). . Bowen 

. Durand . 
emiierues . Graham . 
Jackson . Longacre 
es a sete Rk . Longacre 
Jackson . Munson . 
. Paradise 
. Pekenino 
. Poupard 
. Scoles 
. Snyder 
West, Benjamin . Hdwin 
Durand . 
Pate . Longacre 
West, Benjamin,Jr.. . . . West Tiebout . 
West, Raphael . . . . . . West . Tiebout . 
West Point, N. Y. « siwov® . Cooke . Bennett . 
Livingston Tiebout . 
West Point Academy .. . Catlin . Hill 
West Point Monument . . . Shaw . Hill 
West Rock, Conn. . Fraser . Childs 
Western Expedition . Sieiiey. star - Graham . 
Wharton, Escape of Capt. Hoppin . Pru@homme 
Wheelock, Eleazar .. . . Steward - (euOeds.. 
White, Elizabeth Eky omesumkagers . Hill 
White, Henry Kirke . Barber . - Annin . 
Barber . . Boyd . 
be . Pelton 
. Scoles 
White, Mr. William ¥ acai . Leney . 
White, Rev. William . Inman . . Dodson . 
Stuart . . Edwin 
Otis . . Otis 
Sully. . Pekenino 
Stuart . . Tiebout . 
White, William Charles ...... . Hiil 
White Mountains, N. H. . Kidder . . Bowen 
White Plains Battle . (Plan) . - Martin 
Whitefield, George wibikp sie . Bowen 


388 


CHECK LIST 
NUMBERS 


120 
e 44,0 
. 2115 


- 665 

- 1170 
2116-19 
- 2120 

- 2282 

.. « G415 
» 2454 

- 2552 

- 2815 

- 2995 
910 

- 666 

- 2121 
«ia lO8 
- . 3198 
- Jbl 

. 3235 

. 1354 

. 1343 

- « 381 
1173-74 
. 2621 

. 2657 

. 1383 


ITEM 
Whitefield, George . 


Whitney, Eli 
Wickliffe, John 
Wignell,Mr. ... 
Wignell, Anne Brunton 
Wilberforce, William 
Wilbur, Hervey 
Wilkes, Charles. 
Willett, Marinus 


William I—England . 


William IV—England . 


Williams, Jonathan 


Williams, John. . 
Williams, John C. . 
Williams, Otho H. . 
Williams, Roger 
Williams, Stephen 
Williamson, Hugh 
Wilmington, Del. . 
Wilson, Alexander 


Wilson, James . 


Wilson, James P. . 

Wilson, Mr. . . ; 
Winchell, James M. . 
Winchester, ElInathan 
Winder, William H. . 


Windermere, England . 


Winnipiseogee Lake . 
Winthrop, John 


Winterbotham, William 


Wirt, William 


Wissahickon Creek . 


389 


ARTIST ENGRAVER 
. Boyd . 
. . Edwin 
- Gallaudet 
ears - Snyder 
King - Hoogland 
: . . Snyder .. 
pine ages op - Dunlap 
Dunlap - Edwin . 
Cruikshank . Murray . 
Cruikshank . Tanner 
Metcalf - Durand . 
Sully - Dodson . 
es - Gimbrede 
- Leney . 
aE ae | - Pru@homme 
- Sully - Dodson . 
Reese . Gimbrede 
- Cone . 
peietion . LeMet 
Peale . Longacre 
. Longacre 
st yaes) ho ay Allen. 
Trumbull . . Durand . 
Trenchard . 
a . Barralet . 
Peale . Edwin 
. . Edwin . 
Shee . Longacre 
Wood . Boyd . 
. DeWilde . Leney os 
. Doyle . Annin & Smith 
‘ae . Snyder . 
Wood . Cone . 
Loutherbourg Birch . 
Cole . - Durand . 
Penniman . Chorley . 
. Doolittle 
. Harris 
. Pelion 
. Scoles 
. Tanner 
tis ta ba ee 
Longacre . . Longacre 
Edwin . . Maverick 
Shaw . Hill 


CHECK LIST 
NUMBERS 


- 6 .! 268 
. 912, 961 
- » 1025 
- 2995 
- 1435 
- 2995 
550 

. 918 
- 2287 
- 3109 
667 

. 504 
- 1103 
. 1874 
- 2619 
. 503 
. 1102 
- 425 
- 1704 
- 2122 
. 1981 
40 

- 668 
. 3301 
119 
914 

~~ 915 
» 2123 
. 269 
. 1876 
. 104 
. 2995 
426 
157 
678 
389 

. 518 
. 1276 
. 2534 
. 2817 
. 3110 
916 
2194-25 
- 2233 
. 1343 


ITEM 
Wistar, Caspar . 


Withero, Capt. . 
Witherspoon, John 


Wolcott, John 


Wolcott, Oliver . 


Wolfe, Charles . 
Woman in Boat 
Wood, James 
Wood, Juliana W. 
Wood, William B. . 


Woodbury, Levi 
Woodhull, John 
Woodlands, Pa. 


Woodworth, Samuel . 


Woolsey, Elijah 
Wooster, David 
Worcester, Samuel 


Woodsworth, William 


Wright, Sir Samson . 
Wright’s Ferry, Pa. . 


Wroughton, Mr. 
Wylie, Samuel B. . 
Wythe, George . 


Yale College, Conn. 


Yellow Springs, Pa. . 


York, Canada 
York, Attack on 
York Island . 
Yorktown, Va. . 
Yorktown, Siege of 


- Bridport 


INDEX 


CHECK LIST 
ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
Otis . - Goodman & Piggot 1157-58 
Haines . » Haines... 2 ee eee 
Haines . « JONES .°. 0 San eee 
Otis . . Longacre... . .« 2196 
Otis . « Neagle: « 2°) yameereoee 
DeWilde . Leney +) . eee 
as . hdwin' (oc See 
Peale . Longacre 9. vw) 4 SIRT 
Peale . Pelton il. aes 
© Hh er ee eee 
ae .. Leney’. . San aay 
Sully « Durand . . ote peeewee 
ees . Longacre ssa aaa 
Sola ahs . Sanford 10.) 5 -« nee 
Russell Willard... «6 eS 
(Frontispiece) Edwin... . . . 932 
8 0 8 oe oe CORR Rs ie ene 
Peale . Edwin. . 2 eek Sees 
Sully . Edwin: 's eae. 
Neagle . . Elle. o 4 Nie eee 


Longacre . 


. Longacre . +s « = 9. 2129 
. Edwin. s +. ©» 962 


Birch . Birch... oh Bae 
Strickland . Murray .... . . 2296 
Birch Tucker | i 08 Ae be eee 
Freeman . Gimbrede . . . ~* s Y104 
Paradise . Paradise .. . . . 670 
bay, sa . Longacre... . . » 9130 
Morse . Anning Smith . . . 105 
Bowall . . Longacre ... . . 2131 
Chantry « Pelton. 665 echo Ain ea 
cae naaper ae . Leney ses Re 
gn Sat aS . Cooke |. 30 setae ieee 
DeWilde - Leney: isa 1 page 
Neagle . . Longacre .. . . .« 2132 
ae tS - Leney a) vi tilawaeee 

. Longacre ... . . 2133 
Pratt . Jocelyn .. +. ss wee 
Andrews . Murrey 2 6 eae 


Birch .. 
(Map) . 


390 


DOROY 6 4 ete eee 


. Nesmith. « «+ ta 2aet 
. Bitch: 2 se kyle 
» Seot.o. scat ieteaee ae 
- Shallus ... . . « » 2895 


ITEM 


York Springs, Pa. . 


Young, David 
Young, Edward 


Zwingli, Ulric 


INDEX 


CHECK LIST 


ARTIST ENGRAVER NUMBERS 
Bhai hte HO eee age 
een Po hetits. way FE ROROR stele) soe te) eee 
Neagle . . . Longacre ... . .« 2134 
Pid gcs nN ee eg! et ee ORDEAL eM own salen ee 

. Johnston ... . . 1498 

. Longacre . . ». » + 2135 


. Pekenino . .« . « « 24656 
50) Ee Tet OSes eee Le 


Wagner... . . . 3346 


391 


~~ 


a> 


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t vids a, 
Le 

>» La te 
(| ees LL, am 
+ 


i 


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